C: PC H19 A5 2.BUN 19 8 6 3 19 3.1........................... 19 3.2 Ohm s law.................... 21 3.3.......................... 24 4 26 4.1................................. 26 4.2................................. 27 4.3........................... 27 4.4........................... 28 4.5.................. 29 4.6.......................... 30 4.7........................ 33
3 3.1 Cu 1 carrier v I 1 sec 1A 1 S v v 1s 1A= 1C 1sec 17. S 1 S N v 1 v N v 1sec 1m 3 n N = n S v /s 19
n 9 N 1 S 1 e I = e N = Snev A (16) j = = (17) j = I S = nev (18) 2. 1 mm 2 1 A v v = I Sne = 1C/sec 1 10 6 m 2 8.5 10 28 /m 3 1.6 10 19 C = 7.3 10 5 m/sec 0.07mm/sec 3. 1 A e = 1.6 10 19 C I = QC tsec = 1.6 10 19 A 9 n 1m 3 = n /m 3 63 Cu 29 1mol=63g= 6 10 23 Avogadro 1 1 = 8.9 g/cm 3. 1 mol =. 63/8.9 =.. 7 cm 3 1 m 3 = 10 6 cm 3 n = 1m 3. 10 =. 6 6 10 23 =.. 8.5 10 28 1 7 m 3 20
4. Bohr 1 n = 1 A 1 e 2 2 mv2 = k e r h 2 r = 4π 2 me 2 n 2 k e h = 6.6 10 34 J secm = 9.1 10 31 kg k e = 9 10 9 Nm 2 /C 2 e = 1.6 10 19 C 5. v 0.07 mm 3.2 Ohm s law Cu 1 Cu + m e E F = ee α + mα = ee 21
τ v = 0 τ v = 0 τ v = v max v e max = F + S E = α τ = ee l m τ 18. v v 0 v max v = 0 + v max 2 = 1 2 e m Eτ v max v max 2 19 µ eτ 2m 0 t τ τ 2 19. v = µe µ mobility 16 I = neµse l V E E = V l = 22
V I = eµn S l V eµn l/s I V R l eµns R (19) I = V R (20) 20 Ohm s law l S ρ 19 ρ 1 eµn ρ (21) R = ρ l S (22) 22 ρ R l S ρ ρ M.K.S. 1m 2 1cm 2 23
σ ρ 1.6 10 6 Ωcm 1.7 10 6 2.6 10 6 2.1 10 5 1.0 10 4 NaCl 10 17 10 12 10 15 4. ρ 10 6 Ω cm Ni Cr 2 1cm 1cm 1cm 1cm 3 20. 4. 0.5mm 1m R = ρ l S = 1.7 10 6 Ω cm. =. 0.087 Ω. =. 0.1 Ω 1 10 2 cm 3.14 (0.025 2 cm) 2 S = πr 2 3.3 Ohm s law V = RI I = V R R = V I (23) 1V=1 1A VoltOhmAmpare 5 24
R V M k m kvmv VnVpV I ma AnApA 10 9 =G 10 6 =M 10 3 =k 10 3 =m 10 6 = 10 9 =n 10 12 =p 10 15 =a 10 18 =f 5. 25
4 4.1 R 1 R 2 V I R 1 R 2 V 1 V 2 A R I V B A V I R 1 R 2 V 1 V 2 V V 1 R 1 R 2 V 2 B a b 21. 22. a b V 1 = R 1 I V 2 = R 2 I I I = V (24) V 1 = R 1 V V 2 = R 2 V (25) V 2 V 1 V 2 26
4.2 23 R 1 R 2 V I I 2 R 1 R 2 I 1 I 2 R 1 R 2 V R 1 R 2 I V = R 1 I 1 V = R 2 I 2 I 1 I 2 2 I 1 I 2 = R 2 R 1 V R 1 R 2 23. R 1 R 2 4.3 R 1 R 2 24 R 1 R 2 24 I I = V = V R (26) R = 1 2 R 1 R 2 R = R 1 R 2 R n 24 V I = + + R n V I R 1 R 2 V 1 V 2 24. 27
1 R 1 R 2 R n R = + + R n 4.4 R 1 R 2 25 12 R 1 R 2 I V I 1 I 2 I 1 I 2 V R 1 R 2 I 25. I = I 1 + I 2 = V + V ( 1 = V + 1 ) R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 1 R 1 R 2 1 R I = V 1 R R 1 R 2 R 1 R = 1 R 1 + 1 R 2 (27) R = 1 1 + 1 = R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 (28) 28
27 28 4.5 2 R 1 R 2 27 R 1 R 2 28 R = R 1R 2 26. = 2 2 (29) 28 5. 2 1 2 3 4 1 10 1 2 1 + 2 =2/3 3 4 3 + 4 =12/7 1 10 1 + 10 =10/11 2 3 R R 1 R 2 28 R 3 R = R 1 R 2 R 3 = R 1 R 2 + R 3 R 1 R 2 R 3 R 1 R 2 + R 2 R 3 + R 3 R 1 (30) 29
2 n n n 1 n R = R 1 R 2 R n n (R 1 R 2 R n /R i ) i=1 (31) R 1 R n 27. n 6. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 R = 2 3 4 + 1 3 4 + 1 2 4 + 1 2 3 24 = 24 + 12 + 8 + 6 = 24 = 0.48 50 4.6 r x 30
R R = rx r + x x x = rr (32) r R x x = rr r R = 2 2 x = 7. 1.000kΩ (33) R = 990Ω 1kΩ 2 1000 990 x = 1000 990 = 9.9 104 = 99.0 kω 99.0 kω 100 kω R = 1 k 100 k 1 k + 100 k = 990.0099 Ω k = 103 1 kω 100 kω 8. r r A 1 r r 1/A r Ar r p ( r r p = = r 1 + 1 ) 1.=. r A r Ar r + Ar = 1 + 1 A ( 1 1 ) A 31
9. 100 Ω 10 1000 Ω 29 8 100 1000 r p = 100 + 1000 = 10 5 1100 = 90. 9 0 Ω. r p = 100(1 0.1) = 90 Ω 1% 10 Ω 1000 Ω r 10% r 10 =1% 5% r 20 =0.025% 1% r 100 =0.01% 32
4.7 2 R 1 R 2 R R = R 1 //R 2 // R 1 //R 2 = R 1R 2 (34) // R = R 1 //R 2 //R 3 // //R n R R 1 R 2 R 3 R n 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 R n n 10. AB R R 1 A // R 2 R 3 R = //R 3 B 28. 3 = R 3 R 2 + R 3 33
11. AB R 1 A R 3 R // R 2 R 4 R 5 R 6 R = //R 3 + R 4 //R 5 //R 6 ( ) R 4 R 5 R 6 = // R 3 + R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 ) R 4 R 5 R 6 R 2 (R 3 + R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 = R 1 + ( ) R 4 R 5 R 6 R 2 + R 3 + R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 B 29. 6 = R 1 + R 4 R 5 R 6 R 2 R 3 + R 2 R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 2 + R 3 + R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 = R 3 R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 + R 2 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 2 + R 3 R 4 R 5 + R 5 R 6 + R 6 R 4 + R 4 R 5 R 6 34