2004 10 12 1. 1 1994 Speech Acts with Continuous EffectC Speech Acts with Temporary EffectT 2 1 Speech Acts a. C b. T Speech act theory illocutionary actperlocutionary act 1994C T C T 2. 3 2 1 1 speech act 2 1994 SAC SAT C T 3 1978: 310 359 Leech 1983 Levinson 1983 1983 1986 Sadock 1988 2002 43
sentence utterance 2 wataúiakimitokekkonsur 2 saying something locutionary acts 4 saying 3 3 promise 3 threatening 5 in saying somethingillocutionary acts 3 pleasingforce frightening 4 3 Austin1962: 92 93 a phonetic act b phatic act c rhetic act 5 3 i Back To The Future. Part2 LonnaineBiff i I m gonna marry you someday!, Lorraine! Someday you ll be my wife!!! 44
by saying something perlocutionary acts 4 Speech Acts a. locutions b. illocutions c. perlocutions saying promising pleasing 6 2 2. 2 2 1 Austin 1962 Austin 1962 programme 7 illocutions 6 Sadock 1988 7 Austin 1962: 83, 94, 109 45
8 conventions Austin 1962: 103 naming 5 I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth. 9 MisfiresAbuse 6 a. I argue that there is no backside to the moon. b. I warn you that the bull is about to charge. c. I insist that you go to the movies. 1986: 30 7 a. *I hereby convince you that Ali is the greatest. b. *I hereby alarm you that you are getting late. c. *I hereby surprise you that John is mad. 8 1983: 637 638 ask, order, promise, propose, request, alarm, convince, encourge, embarass, state, suggest, tell, etc. impress, intimidate, mislead, etc. 9 Austin 1962 felicity condition 46
Austin 1962: 118 120 8 a. b. 2 2 2 Strawson 1964 Grice 1954 Strawson1971 10 convention 9 a. I name this ship the Queen.Elizabeth. b. I sentence you five years. 10 I promise you I will be back. 11 a. I will be back. b. 5 o clock. 11 10 complex intention Strawson 1971: 30 11 being conventional being capable of being conventional Strawson 1971: 27 47
overt complex intention 12 13 a. b. 2 3 2 3 1 I V you that illocutions perlocutions 2 Austin 1962: 103 performatives performative formula 12 14 I ll be back. 15 a. I hereby promise you that I ll be back. b. 12 performatives Austin 1962: 53 66 48
16 a. *I hereby releive you that I ll be back. b. * 2 3 2 By X-ing I was doing Y Holdcroft 1978: 21 17 By X-ing I was doing Y X Y 17 17 X Y 17 X Y Back To The Future. Part2 18 I m gonna marry you someday! 17 19 a. By promising I was doing embarassing. b. 20 a. *By embarassing I was doing promising. b. * 49
3. 3 1 I V you that Back To The Future. Part 2 21 I m gonna marry you someday! 21 saying promising threatening embarassing locutions illocutions perlocutions 22 22 a. *I threaten you that I m gonna marry you someday. b. * call diagnose congratulate 1986b: 28 13 23 a. *I call you that you are No. 25. * No. 25 13 i a. No. 25 b. c. 50
b. *I diagnose you that your case is appendictis. * c. *I congratulate you that you won the race. * I V you that 3 2 By X-ing I was doing Y 17 17 17 24 a. b. * 25 a. b. 17 26 a. b. * 27 a. b. 17 51
inherent 3 3 28 a. b. 29 a. b. 52
14 4. 15 4 1 conditions illocutions perlocutions effect 1994 C T semantical rules 16 14 Austin 1962: 119 15 uptake, effect, consequence Austin 1962: 109 120 16 S H T S nondefectively H Searle 1969: 57 Austin 1962 felicity conditions Searle &Vanderveken 1985 conditions of success 53
regulative rules constitutive rules Searle 1969: 50 53 Searle1969: 57 61 30 propositional content rules preparatory rules sincerity rules essential rules Promise 31 Greet 32 4 2 54
33 17 33 33 Speech Acts with Continuous EffectC 34 34 34 17 55
Speech Acts with Temporary EffectT 35 Speech acts a. C b. T inherent C T 4 3 C T C T C T 56
5. C T 1 1st field 2 2nd field 18 36 37 36 37 38 39 * 36 38 C T 36 order C C 18 1994 57
C 36 C C 38 wish T T T * 38 T T C T 6. C Speech Acts with Continuous 58
Effect T Speech Acts with Temporary Effect C T Austin, J. L. 1962 How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press 1978 2000 Grice, H. P. 1957 Meaning. Philosophical Review 67 1975 Logic and Conversation. Cole and Morgan eds. Syntax and Semantics3: Speech act. Academic Press. 2000 2002a 2002b Leech, G. N. 1983. Principles of Pragmatics. Longman. Levinson, S. C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. 1994105 2002 42 2 2003 1 1 1983 5 Strawson, P. F. 1964 Intention and convention in speech acts. Philosophical Review 73 in Searle ed. 1971. The Philosophy of Language. 23 38 1986 59