EC GMO (WT/DS291,292,293/R, 2006 9 29 2006 11 21 ) 2003 8 7 2003 8 29 2006 2 7 2006 10 2006 9 26 2006 11 21 EC GMO EC GMO (biotech products) DNA GMO GM GM GM GMO 1 EC GMO EC 2001/18 EC 90/22 GMO EC 258/97 1 GMO genetically modified organism () 1771 18 0 15 68 241
EC EC GMO GMO EC GMO EC GMO GMO EC GMO ( ) WTO GMO EC GMO EC GMO EC WTO EC GMO GMO GMO 90 GMO GMO EC EC EC 60 GMO EC EC EC EC GMO EC GMO GMO EC EC 258/97 GMO GMO 242
GMO EC EC EC EC EC EC GMO EC EC EC EC GMO ( ) GMO SPS 1.1 3.1 10.3a 23.1b 4.2 TBT 1086 2 DSU9.2 2 ( ) 243
DSU13 DSU6.2 WTO TBT SPS WTO WTO EC WTO SPS TBT WTO 31 EC ( ) 7.5154 31 31 (3)(c) 31 21 WTO 7.68 EC 31 (3)(c) EC WTO 7.7172 EC EC WTO 7.75 7.8789 31 1 EC 244
WTO 7.9596 EC GMO GMO SPS A(1)a(b)(c)d SPS ( 7.432) EC 1999 6 2003 8 GMO 7.1285EC GMO SPS A(1) ( 7.13791383) EC GMO SPS 5.1 A(1) SPS 7.13931395 EC SPS SPS C(1)(a) 8 7.1570 GMO GMO 7.24182421 EC GMO SPS SPS SPS 7.2603 EC SPS A1 EC GMO SPS SPS A1 SPS a~(d) SPS SPS laws, decrees, regulations requirements and procedures end product criteria processes and production methods testing, inspection, certification and approval 245
procedures quarantine treatments including relevant requirements associated with the transport of animals or plants, or with the materials necessary for their survival during transport provisions on relevant statistical methods, sampling procedures and methods of risk assessment packaging and labeling requirements directly related to food safety SPS (form) (nature) laws, decrees, regulation SPS EC EC A1 (laws) 7.422423 SPS requirements and procedures procedures testing, inspecting, certification and approval procedures EC GMO GMO EC EC EC SPS 7.424430 EC SPS A1 7.13791383 SPS 3 4 SPS C1a EC SPS C1() 3 4 SPS C 246
a GMO GMO 1998 GMO EC 7.23922395 C a 7.2400 3 4 GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO 7.2412 1998 GMO 1998 GMO 1998 GMO GMO GMO 1998 247
7.2415 C1 a 7.24182421 3 4 EC GMO 3 4 GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO 7.25072508 3 4 GMO GMO EC GMO GMO EC GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO ( 7.25092515) EC 3 4 requirement 248
7.2516 EC 3 4 7.2517 EC SPS 5.1 5.7 2.2 EC GMO EC EC 7.2532 9 EC SPS A SPS SPS A(1) SPS 7.28942908 A(1) 1.1 SPS 7.29182922 EC SPS 5.7 SPS 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.1 7.29232924 5.7 SPS 5.7 SPS 5.7 5.1 7.29392948 5.7 2.2 5.1 SPS 2.2 5.1 249
2.2 5.7 7.2961 EC 5.7 2.2 5.7 5.7 7.2962 EC 3 SPS EC 4 SPS 3.3 3.1 7.29632966 EC 3.1 2.2 2.2 5.7 3.1 3.3 EC 5.7 2.2 5.7 2.2 SPS 5.7 2.2 SPS 22 5 7 (except as provided for in paragraph 7 of Article 5) 5.7 SPS 5.7 2.2 7.2973 5.7 SPS 5.7 2.2 5 7 2.2 SPS 5.7 2.2 7.2975 EC SPS 5.7 2.2 5.7 7.2974 2976 3 EC-Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries, Report of the Appellate Body, 7 April 2004, WT/DS246/AB/R 4 EC-Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products, Report of the Appellate Body, 13 February 1998, WT/DS26/AB/R 250
EC 5 EC 6 SPS 2.2 SPS 5.7 2.2 SPS 5.1 5.7 5.1 SPS EC 5.1 5.7 2.2 5.7 2.2 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.7 7.29842985 5.7 SPS A(4) 5.7 5.1 A(4) 7.2992 5.7 5.1 7.2997 SPS 5.1 5.7 5.1 SPS 5.1 5.1 5.7 EC 5 1 5.7 5.1 GMO GMO 5 EC-Trade Description of Sardines, Report of the Appellate Body, 26 September 2002, WT/DS231/AB/R 6 251
5.1 7.3056 5.7 5.1 A(4) EC 5.7 5.7 EC 5 1 73258 31 (3)(c) 2.1 WTO EC WTO WTO WTO GMO 252
SPS 2.2 5.1 5.7 SPS 3.2 SPS SPS 1994 (presumed to be consistent) A.3 (a)~(c) d (a)~(c) SPS (identify) SPS SPS 3.2 SPS 3.2 SPS 1994 SPS 2.2 5.1 5.7 SPS 2.2 5.1 5.7 7 WTO DSU3.2 31 WTO WTO WTO SPS 31 (c) EC GMO SPS 7 WTO 253
EC GMO SPS SPS SPS C.1a SPS 8 EC GMO GMO EC SPS 5.7 5.1 5.1 EC GMO 5.1 8 EC GMO GMO GMO SPS 9 EC GMO SPS SPS 5.7 5.1 EC SPS A(1) SPS A(1)SPS (laws, decrees, regulations, requirements and procedures) SPS SPS SPS SPS 10 8 Oren Perez Anomalies at the Precautionary Kingdom: Reflections on the GMO Panel s Decision, The International Law Forum of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Law Faculty (Research Paper No. 13-06, October 2006 (http://www.ssrn.com/abstractid=940 90 7) 9 World Trade Law net, European Communities-Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products (WT/DS291.292.293/K), updated 30 October 2006 10 254
SPS EC EC general moratorium 7.13791383 SPS EC SPS GMO 3.4 SPS C.1a EC GMO GMO SPS C.1a 3.4 SPS GMO GMO GMO GOM EC GMO GMO GMO GMO 3.2 255
11 3.2 12 GMO GMO GMO GMO 1 EC/ 13 GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO GMO 14 11 Japan-Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, Report of the Appellate Body, 4 October 1996, WT/DS8/AB/R; WT/DS10/AB/R; WT/DS11/AB/R; Korea Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, Report of the Appellate Body, 11 December 2000, WT/DS161/AB/R; WT/DS 1691/AB/R 12 Japan-Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, 13 EC-Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos Containing Products, Report of the Appellate Body, 12 May 2001, WT/DS/AB/R 14 256
GMO GMO GMO GMO SPS EC GMO SPS 2.2 5.1 5.7 2.2 SPS 5.1 SPS 5.7 SPS 2.2 5.7 SPS 5.1 5.7 EC SPS 2.2 5.7 5.7 2.2 SPS 2.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 2.2 EC 15 EC 16 SPS SPS 2.2 2.2 5.7 15 16 257
SPS 5.1 5.7 SPS 5.1 5.1 5.7 EC 5.1 5.7 SPS A X B A B B B A A X A X B SPS TBT WTO 17 ATC EC 18 SPS 3.1 3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 EC TBT 2.4 2.4 2 TBT 2.4 2.4 EC 1 (Notwithstanding the provisions of Article I of the General Agreement) 1 17 U.S.-Measures Affecting Import of Woven Wool Shirts and Blouses from India, Report of the Appellate Body, 25 April 1997, WT/DS33/AB/R 18 258
19 SCM 272 3.1 a 3.1 (a) 20 (General Exceptions) 20 20 20 20 WTO 20 A B A B 20 1 SPS TBT 21 TBT SPS 20 19 Brazil-Export Financing Programme for Aircraft, Report of the Appellate Body, 20 August 1999, WT/DS46/AB/R 20 WTO Michielle T. Grando, Allocating the Burden of Proof in the WTO Disputes-A Critical Analysis, Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2006, pp. 615-656 21 Grando Tomer Broude, Genetically Modified Rules: The Awkward Rule-Exception-Right Distinction in EC-Biotech Faculty of Law and Department of International Relations, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Research paper No. 14-06, December 2006 (http://law.mscc.huji.ac.il/law1/newsitc/segel/brounde/index.html) Grando 259
SPS 5.7 TBT 2.4 2 SPS TBT SPS TBT 3.3 TBT 2.4 SPS TBT WTO TBT SPS 22 TBT SPS 1994 20 20 SPS 20 SPS 20 SPS 2.2 5.7 23 22 ( ) 23 Broude GMO 260