e.g. Kubota 2011 Piller & Takahashi 2006 Kubota 2011 Piller & Takahashi 2006 Kubota 2011 Piller et al. 2010 2 Heller 2003 Piller, Takahashi & Watanabe

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http://alce.jp/journal/ 13 2015 pp. 83-96 ISSN 2188-9600 * Copyright 2015 by Association for Language and Cultural Education 1 Norton Peirce 1995 2014 2014 2013 2014 * E-mail: masakiseo@gmail.com 83

e.g. Kubota 2011 Piller & Takahashi 2006 Kubota 2011 Piller & Takahashi 2006 Kubota 2011 Piller et al. 2010 2 Heller 2003 Piller, Takahashi & Watanabe 2010 2009 Kelly & Jones, 2003 edu-tourism Lotherington 2007 Phipps & Gonzalez 2004 2004 2011 Kubota 2011 2014 2015 3 84

13 2015 pp. 83-96 2011 2014 2014 2013 7 DVD 2012 2015 2014 4 4 X 2 X Y Z X 6 2012 12 29 2013 1 2, 3, 2013 3 10 1 125 1 85

Z trustworthiness Denzin & Lincoln, 2011 X 5 Y Z X X X X Y e.g. 2002 e.g. 2011 86

13 2015 pp. 83-96 12 1 12 33 12 Chinese New Year 1 1 2 2 12 3 2 9 1 2 87

88 A=B 1

13 2015 pp. 83-96, 2011 X X 13 X X X X 2 2 critical 89

2, pass or fail pass or fail accuracy 100% X Y Z X Y X 90

13 2015 pp. 83-96 91 X 6 3 3 2014 2010

2009 Kubota 2011 Piller et al. 2010 Y X Kelly & Jones, 2004 7 92

13 2015 pp. 83-96 93 2010 7 31-35 2014 17 106-120 2011 2010 14 176-195 2011 BATJ Journal 12 25-36 2014 9

pp. 69-85 2015 2014 https://www.jpf.go.jp/ j/project/japanese/survey/area/country/2014/hong kong.html 2015 5 10 2014 2009 2014 N1 9 pp. 87-99 2013 2013 pp. 221-226 2012 pp. 139-156 2002 2004 4 27-35 2011 9 21-25 2015 Journal CAJLE 16 1-21 Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.) (pp. 1-19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Heller, M. (2003). Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7(4), 473-492. Kelly, M., & Jones, D. (2003). A new landscape for languages. London: Nuffield Foundation. Kubota, R. (2011). Learning a foreign language as leisure and consumption: Enjoyment, desire, and the business of eikaiwa. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 14, 473-488. Lotherington, H. (2007). Diary of an edu-tourist in Costa Rica: An autoethnographical account of learning Spanish. TESL Canada Journal, 24(2), 109-131. Norton Peirce, B. (1995). Social identity, investment, and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 9-31. Piller, I., & Takahashi, K. (2006). A passion for English: Desire and the language market. In A. Pavlenko (Ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression and representation (pp. 59-83). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Piller, I., Takahashi, K., & Watanabe, Y. (2010). The dark side of TESOL: The hidden costs of the consumption of English. Cross-Cultural Studies, 20, 183-201. Phipps, A., & Gonzalez, M. (2004). Modern languages: 94

13 2015 pp. 83-96 Learning and teaching in an intercultural field. London: Sage. 95

http://alce.jp/journal/ Studies of Language and Cultural Education, 13 (2015) 83-96 ISSN 2188-9600 Article How is a Japanese language teacher experiencing the commodification of education? SEO, Masaki * SEO, Yukiko YONEMOTO, Kazuhiro Ibaraki University, Japan Graduate School of Letters, Tokyo Medical and Dental Osaka University, Japan University, Japan Abstract In this paper, we explore how Ms. Ikeda (pseudonym), who worked at a Japanese language school in Hong Kong, experienced the commodification of education. As a part-time instructor, Ms. Ikeda followed the institutional policy that tries to commodify its Japanese language education by overemphasizing learners satisfaction. Thus, she was experiencing a dilemma about what she wanted to do, what her learners wanted to do, and what the institution wanted her to do. From our research findings, it is clear that the commodification of education poses a risk of producing educational practices that are biased to learners superficial interests. We need to include the teachers perspective in order to overcome the problems of the commodification and consumption of Japanese language education. Copyright 2015 by Association for Language and Cultural Education Keywords: commodification of education; consumption; teacher s experiences/attitudes * E-Mail: masakiseo@gmail.com 96