TOSCA-A Tangney et al. (2002) TOSCA TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA-A Shame Guilt TOSCA Keywords:,, Ausubel1955 1992 Freud, 19xx e.g.,, 1996; Nathanson, 1987;, 2004 1
Benedict1946 Benedict Ausubel, 1955;, 1971;, 1967 Ausubel Benedict, 1971 Freud Piers and Singer1953Freud Piers Freud 1977Piers Lewis1971 Lewis Lewis Lewis Ausubel, 1955, p. 324 Erikson 1950 Lewis Levin, 1967, 1971 Tangney Lewis1971 Tangney199365 Niedenthal, Tangney, and Gavanski1994 2
e.g., Lewis, M., 1995; Power & Dalgleish, 1997 e.g., Andrews, 1998; Andrews & Hunter, 1997; Lindsay-Hartz, de Rivera, & Mascolo, 1994, 2003PF, 1987, 2004 Harder & Zalma 1990 PFQ-2 (Personal Feeling Questionnaire-2) Izard1977 DES (Differential Emotions Scale) 3
Lewis 1971 Tangney SCAAI Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory; Tangney, 1988, cited in Tangney & Dearing, 2002 TOSCATest of Self-Conscious Affect; Tangney, et al., 1989, cited in Tangney & Dearing, 2002 Tangney Lewis TOSCA Tangney 4
TOSCA TOSCA TOSCA-A, 2003 Y-G Big Five TOSCA PFQ-2 BDITOSCA-A 135 54 81 19-25 20.0 19-29 19.6 TOSCA-A PFQ-2 BDI TOSCA-A. TOSCA-A Tangney shame guilt Tangney shame guilt shame I would feel like coward guilt I would 5 regret that I put it off, 2003 PFQ-2. Harder and Zalma,1990 Personal Feeling Questionnaire-2 PFQ-2 embarrassmentfeeling childish I am (feel) embarrassment I feel childish I feel disgusting to othersi I feeling childish BDI., 1988;, 1991 Beck s Depression Inventory TOSCA-A PFQ2 BDI TOSCA-A TOSCA-A 119 132 TOSCA-APFQ-2BDI 116
. TOSCA-A PFQ-2 BDI TOSCA-A. TOSCA-A Table 3 TOSCA-A Table 1 Shame Guilt r =.56, p, 2003 <.001Externalization Detachment A-Pride p <.01 A-Pride Detachment=.45, =.66 B-Pride r =.77, p <.001 Tangney TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA-A Shame Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Shame Guilt t (490) = 6.13, p <.001 p <.01 TOSCA-A Shame PFQ-2 p <.01 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Guilt PFQ-2 Guilt Shame BDI 0.80 Table 2 TOSCA-A Shame 1% shame 0.82-0.83 guilt 0.78-0.83 PFQ-2 Shame Guilt shame = 0.84, guilt = 0.77 r =.71PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame Guilt PFQ-2 Guilt Shame TOSCA-A Shame PFQ2 BDI. PFQ-2 Shame Guilt Guilt TOSCA-A Shame Guilt Shame Shame Figure 2PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A.84 Guilt.79 Guilt Shame Guilt.78.72BDI.83 Guilt Shame r =.04 Table 1 TOSCA-A Tangney et al., 2002 Sample description Sex Shame Guilt Externaliz. Detachment Alpha Pride Beta Pride Japanese University Students Female 45.45 56.09 33.63 27.43 13.51 15.60 (session-1) N = 119 (n = 75) (7.27) (7.23) (5.97) (6.32) (3.41) (2.80) Male 43.66 54.16 33.00 27.57 12.91 15.41 (n = 44) (10.67) (7.18) (7.97) (6.90) (3.62) (3.58) Japanese University Students (session-2) N = 132 College students in USA (Tangney & Dearing, 2002) Female 45.24 55.52 33.95 27.79 13.16 15.52 (n = 82) (6.94) (6.13) (6.83) (5.47) (3.02) (3.03) Male 43.60 53.72 34.38 28.84 12.86 14.94 (n = 50) (10.62) (9.92) (9.35) (6.93) (3.78) (3.32) Female 39.82 60.05 35.21 30.86 18.46 20.32 (n = 234) (8.76) (6.41) (7.11) (4.83) (2.80) (2.50) Male 37.97 57.47 36.50 31.09 18.04 19.48 (n = 138) (7.44) (4.81) (2.92) (2.65) 6
Figure 1. TOSCA-A. Figure 2. PFQ-2. Table 2 TOSCA-A Tangney et al., 2002 Sample description Shame Guilt Externaliz. Detachment Alpha Pride Beta Pride Japanese University Students n = 111 (4 weeks) Test-Retest Reliability 0.89 0.81 0.81 0.85 0.81 0.81 Japanese University Students (session-1) Japanese University Students (session-2) College students in USA (Tangney & Dearing, 2002) Cronbach's (n = 119) Cronbach's (n = 132) Cronbach's (n = 368-372) 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.79 0.68 0.51 0.83 0.83 0.85 0.79 0.65 0.56 0.84 0.77 0.78 0.61 0.49 0.53 7
Table 3 TOSCA-A PFQ-2 BDI N = 116 TOSCA-A PFQ-2 Shame Guilt Ext. Detach. A-Pride B-Pride Shame Guilt Correlation TOSCA-A Shame 1.00 Guilt 0.55 ** 1.00 Externalization 0.12-0.17 1.00 Detachment -0.02-0.20 0.61 ** 1.00 Alpha Pride 0.06 0.02 0.55 ** 0.60 ** 1.00 Beta Pride 0.11 0.09 0.50 ** 0.48 ** 0.77 ** 1.00 PFQ-2 Shame 0.56 ** 0.29 * 0.06 0.00-0.14 0.03 1.00 Guilt 0.65 ** 0.43 ** -0.06-0.13-0.13-0.08 0.67 ** 1.00 BDI 0.52 ** 0.19 + 0.05-0.08-0.15-0.15 0.56 ** 0.69 ** 1.00 Partial Correlation PFQ-2 Shame (without guilt) 0.22 * 0.00 0.14 * 0.11-0.07 0.12 1.00 0.00 0.16 * Guilt (without shame) 0.45 ** 0.33 * -0.13 * -0.17 * -0.05-0.14 0.00 1.00 0.52 ** BDI Table 4 TOSCA-A Shame, Guilt N = 116 Correlation PFQ-2 Shame 1.00 Guilt 0.67 ** 1.00 PFQ-2 TOSCA-A-Shame TOSCA-A-Guilt Shame Guilt BDI BDI 0.56 ** 0.69 ** 1.00 Global Self Feeling Laughed Escape or Hide Feeling Isolated Specific Behavior Apologize or Atone TOSCA-A-Shame Global Self Blame 0.51 ** 0.61 ** 0.48 ** 1.00 Feeling Laughed 0.33 ** 0.38 ** 0.32 ** 0.37 ** 1.00 Escape or Hide 0.39 ** 0.36 ** 0.26 * 0.37 ** 0.37 ** 1.00 Feeling Isolated 0.25 * 0.36 ** 0.33 ** 0.40 ** 0.21 + 0.06 1.00 TOSCA-A-Guilt Specific Behavior 0.27 * 0.42 ** 0.18 0.56 ** 0.27 * 0.20 + 0.27 * 1.00 Apologize or Atone 0.25 * 0.33 ** 0.14 0.38 ** 0.20 + 0.08 0.30 * 0.53 ** 1.00 Partial Correlation Shame (without guilt) 1.00 0.00 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.22 + 0.01-0.02 0.04 Guilt (without shame) 0.00 1.00 0.52 ** 0.42 ** 0.22 + 0.14 0.27 * 0.34 ** 0.22 +. TOSCA-A Shame Guilt Table 4 PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Guilt BDI TOSCA Shame Guilt r =.57, p <.001 PFQ-2 Guilt Shame TOSCA-A Shame TOSCA-A Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame TOSCA-A Guilt TOSCA-A TOSCA-A, 2003 8
Shame TOSCA-A Shame Shame=.79, Guilt=.74, Externalization=.68, Detachment=.61, Alpha Pride=.59, Beta Pride=.49 0.80 TOSCA-A TOSCA 44 Shame.85Guilt.74 Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher, & Gramzow, 1992Shame =.89, Guilt =.81 TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA-A Shame PFQ-2 Shame PFQ-2 Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame TOSCA-A Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Guilt BDI TOSCA-A TOSCA-A Guilt TOSCA-A Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt BDI Shame Guilt BDI Guilt Shame BDI TOSCA BDI Tangney, 1993BDI TOSCA Shame.51.47TOSCA Guilt.19-.05 TOSCA-A Shame =.52, Guilt =.20; Shame =.50, Guilt = -.12 TOSCA-A Shame Guilt Externalization Detachment Alpha Pride Beta Pride 9
TOSCA-A TOSCA-A Shame Guilt Tangney PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame Guilt PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame PFQ-2 Shame TOSCA-A Guilt PFQ-2 Guilt Shame PFQ-2 Guilt TOSCA-A ShameGuilt PFQ-2 TOSCA-A Shame Guilt Tangney Niedenthal et al., 1994; Tangney, 1993 r =.57 TOSCA-A PFQ-2 Shame Guilt TOSCA-A Shame Guilt TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA-A TOSCA TOSCA-A TOSCA-3, 2005;, 2003 TOSCA-A Shame Guilt PFQ-2 TOSCA-A 10
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