No.50 pp.101 111, 2014 Komazawa Journal of Geography Origin and Geochemistry of a Flowing Confined Groundwater at the Northern Foot of Mt. Iwate, Northeast Japan SUZUKI Hidekazu and TASE Norio Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 Ca- SO 4 HCO 3 Cl Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 7 3 2.3 1 y d-excess D 8 18 O d-excess 14.6 16.4 d- excess 17.7 21.0 d-excess 16.8 Keywords: Mt. Iwate, Hachimantai, groundwater chemistry, isotopic ratio, mixing 1992 Yamamoto, 1995 1993 SO 2 4 Cl 101
1999 2000 3 He / 4 He 2000 2006 He 1 55m 1 1 1 200km 2 1 15km 1 70 12km 1987 2005 20km 100 11 1992 102
A1 Spring Well River S3 R.Aka Measurement site of River discharge S1 S2 A2 G2 Kashiwadai R.Gotou R1 S4 G4 G3 Load S5 River channel S7 Kanazawa S8 R.Matsu S6 0 500m Hachimantai S9 S10 R2 R. Kita nomata R. Kakkonda R3 S15 R4 S12 G5 R5 S14 R6 S32 R.Yakegiri S13 R. Matsu 500 R. Aka R7 S16 S17 1500 Mt. Iwate S30 S24 S31 S25 S29 S28 S26 S27 S23 S20 S22 S18 S19 S21 Spring Well River R. Kitakami 0 5km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1987 1992 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 103
1 5km 3 1976 1 32 5 7 2002 3 6 10 3 ph Model PH 81 ph Model SC 82 EC Na K Ca 2 Mg 2 ICP Jarrel-Ash ICAP-757/757V Cl NO 3 SO 2 4 Yokogawa, IC-100 HCO 3 MR-BCG ph4.8 1/100N CO 2 H 2 Finnigan Mat Thermo Fisher Scientifi MAT252 V-SMOW D 1 18 O 0.1 2002 10 1 2 A1 A2 m 3 /sec m 2 m/sec CR 7 1 2 Cl R2 Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 2 Ca-HCO 3 S16 S32 Ca-SO 4 R7 Ca-SO 4 Ca-SO 4 104
No. Date WT ph EC Na + K + Ca 2 Mg 2+ Cl HCO 3 SO 2 4 NO 3 18 O D d excess chemical yy mm dd μs/cm mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l type 020311 15.3 6.6 727 23.1 5.0 80.4 21.1 59.0 171.5 162.4 0.4 10.9 70 17.2 020611 15.7 6.7 686 17.6 2.5 81.6 21.8 51.6 163.5 148.5 0.5 11.0 71 17.0 Ca SO 4 021010 15.1 6.5 690 20.7 3.7 84.5 22.1 49.4 161.9 138.8 0.0 10.9 71 16.2 G2 021010 14.8 6.7 693 20.5 3.6 84.4 22.2 48.3 165.6 138.1 0.2 10.9 71 16.2 Ca SO 4 G3 020312 17.5 6.6 598 22.1 5.7 68.6 14.4 53.7 217.6 54.3 0.7 10.8 71 15.4 021011 17.7 6.8 565 19.9 4.2 72.6 14.9 47.5 202.4 48.5 0.2 10.8 71 15.4 Main study area G4 021011 13.5 7.1 174 6.2 1.7 18.6 4.4 6.0 50.3 15.7 13.1 10.2 67 14.6 S1 020312 8.0 7.0 208 5.7 1.2 17.9 6.0 6.0 33.1 53.3 1.0 10.5 68 16.0 021010 8.6 7.1 173 5.3 1.1 16.8 5.4 4.7 31.9 42.2 0.6 10.5 68 16.0 Ca SO 4 020311 10.5 5.4 620 19.1 5.4 58.6 15.6 56.7 14.1 201.5 1.7 11.1 70 18.8 S2 020611 14.1 5.2 487 16.5 3.9 50.1 14.0 41.3 4.1 156.4 1.3 10.8 70 16.4 Ca SO 4 021010 15.1 5.2 521 18.2 3.7 54.4 15.7 44.1 11.0 175.0 1.0 10.7 69 16.6 S3 020612 13.9 7.1 364 13.0 2.1 37.9 12.0 22.7 118.4 51.3 0.3 11.0 67 21.0 S4 020612 10.7 7.6 100 4.0 0.4 8.1 3.3 10.8 27.5 5.8 1.3 10.4 69 14.2 S5 020312 9.5 7.0 287 10.6 2.4 29.5 7.0 20.7 99.9 23.6 2.8 10.7 70 15.6 020312 14.9 6.8 552 24.3 4.5 54.5 13.6 51.0 182.1 45.9 1.0 10.8 71 15.4 S6 Ca HCO 021011 16.8 6.8 532 23.8 3.7 65.6 15.7 52.1 187.7 48.6 0.1 10.8 69 17.4 3 Hchimantai area (north area of R.Matsu) S7 021011 11.3 236 10.2 1.6 27.0 5.3 16.5 73.6 23.7 0.5 10.9 71 16.2 S8 020312 9.1 6.9 153 4.5 0.8 16.0 2.8 5.3 43.5 22.6 0.8 11.0 72 16.0 021011 8.9 7.2 148 4.7 0.8 18.4 3.0 6.0 42.9 22.7 0.7 11.1 73 15.8 R1 020611 14.1 3.3 1242 7.8 2.2 170.4 9.1 3.2 0.0 736.1 0.0 11.4 71 20.2 021010 12.5 3.3 1227 8.3 2.7 152.7 8.5 9.3 0.0 689.7 0.0 11.3 70 20.4 Ca SO 4 G5 020612 11.8 7.3 157 6.0 1.5 13.0 5.2 4.8 50.6 17.2 7.6 10.7 68 17.6 021011 11.1 6.9 158 6.0 1.6 13.5 5.4 5.1 52.7 13.8 6.3 10.6 69 15.8 S9 020612 4.1 6.7 37 2.2 0.4 3.3 0.7 2.0 12.2 1.7 0.6 11.9 70 25.2 S10 020612 4.8 6.1 38 1.5 0.1 3.2 1.3 2.1 13.8 1.0 0.3 11.9 72 23.2 S12 020612 8.2 7.3 46 2.2 0.1 4.1 1.9 4.0 15.5 2.5 0.2 11.4 72 19.2 S13 020612 10.0 7.7 122 4.2 0.3 12.7 4.2 3.6 57.4 1.9 7.8 10.2 67 14.6 021011 9.3 7.1 131 4.6 0.6 15.3 4.9 3.4 66.2 2.0 7.8 10.2 67 14.6 S14 020312 11.4 7.0 191 7.5 1.3 19.3 3.9 7.8 60.1 25.0 0.6 11.1 70 18.8 S15 020312 7.6 6.7 77 4.0 0.4 10.7 3.1 2.4 27.6 25.4 0.7 11.3 70 20.4 Ca SO4 R2 020612 7.7 7.0 19 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.4 2.0 2.8 2.3 0.4 12.0 71 25.0 Ca Cl R3 020612 13.4 7.1 51 1.6 0.3 3.8 1.2 1.8 1.6 16.2 0.2 11.3 69 21.4 Ca SO 4 R4 020612 14.7 3.3 565 5.4 0.8 37.5 4.2 2.9 0.0 182.5 0.0 11.4 72 19.2 Ca SO 4 R5 020612 11.1 7.5 54 2.1 0.2 4.4 1.2 2.3 9.7 10.9 0.3 11.4 69 22.2 Ca SO 4 S16 020612 7.2 7.1 60 2.6 0.5 4.8 1.4 3.2 12.2 10.3 0.6 11.1 68 20.8 Ca SO 4 S17 021010 6.6 7.3 91 3.9 0.4 10.1 1.7 2.3 33.1 7.8 2.1 10.1 64 16.8 S18 021010 10.8 7.3 175 5.0 0.9 19.6 5.4 4.9 72.4 5.7 12.3 9.7 62 15.6 Iwate volcano area (South area of R.Matsu) S19 021010 15.0 6.5 751 46.9 5.5 64.8 31.8 30.4 272.3 111.9 0.0 10.9 69 18.2 S20 020312 9.9 7.3 123 4.1 0.6 13.0 2.9 2.1 62.5 5.5 0.6 10.6 68 16.8 020611 10.7 7.2 112 4.3 0.6 13.8 3.0 1.9 56.7 1.1 1.2 10.7 67 18.6 S21 021010 9.5 6.8 205 5.8 1.1 24.5 5.7 8.1 90.8 2.9 11.1 10.0 62 18.0 S22 021010 8.5 6.6 99 3.3 0.5 12.8 2.5 2.3 54.0 3.4 1.2 10.3 64 18.4 S23 020611 9.2 7.7 39 2.3 0.3 6.9 1.1 1.8 28.1 1.1 1.1 10.7 63 22.6 S24 021012 8.7 6.0 92 3.1 0.6 11.3 1.6 6.0 34.3 4.2 2.0 10.2 66 15.6 S25 021012 11.1 6.3 132 5.1 0.9 14.2 3.4 5.0 50.3 12.8 0.9 10.1 66 14.8 S26 021012 13.4 6.6 88 5.0 0.5 7.9 2.1 3.1 39.2 3.2 0.3 9.6 64 12.8 S27 021012 15.6 5.9 179 5.1 2.0 18.2 4.8 8.8 34.3 10.0 31.5 8.8 60 10.4 S28 020312 8.2 6.2 127 2.5 1.5 11.8 3.4 3.9 30.7 21.1 3.3 9.9 64 15.2 021012 16.6 6.0 137 3.1 2.0 14.9 3.8 3.8 41.7 16.9 1.1 9.3 63 11.4 S29 020312 7.5 6.0 84 2.3 0.6 7.6 1.8 2.9 22.1 9.1 3.8 10.1 65 15.8 S30 021012 8.4 6.4 75 3.3 0.7 8.4 1.6 2.7 38.0 1.8 0.0 9.7 63 14.6 S31 020611 10.4 6.8 103 3.4 0.4 11.8 2.8 3.7 43.3 7.7 3.0 10.1 65 15.8 S32 021012 7.9 5.6 33 1.9 0.2 2.8 1.2 2.3 7.4 10.3 0.0 10.4 67 16.2 Ca SO 4 R6 020612 11.3 6.8 123 4.6 0.6 13.1 3.1 4.4 12.2 42.6 0.6 11.2 70 19.6 Ca SO 4 R7 021011 8.2 4.6 277 8.4 1.5 27.1 7.4 12.1 0.0 115.0 0.6 11.1 71 17.8 Ca SO 4 Goshiki-numa* 780810 3.0 16.0 710 8.8 2.4 71.3 3.5 4.0 0.0 370.0 Ca SO 4 * Lake bottom spring water of Matsuo Goshiki numa (data from Yoshida et al., 1978) 105
1978 2000 R4 Ca-SO 4 Ca-HCO 3 2 S3 S1 S2 G2 R.Aka Kashiwadai meq/l 10 0 10 meq/l 2 0 2 Na + +K + Cl - Ca 2+ - HCO 3 Mg 2+ 2+ SO 4 (+NO - 3 ) HCO - 3 type SO 2+ 4 type R.Gotou R1 R.Matsu S6 G3 G4 S7 S8 Kanazawa S5 S6 0 500m Hachimantai S9 S10 R. Kitanomata S15 R6 R2 R. Kakkonda R3 R5 S14 S16 S32 S31 S28 R4 S12 RẎakegiri R7 S30 S29 S13 R. Matsu 500 R. Aka G5 S17 1500 Mt. Iwate S27 S24 S25 S23 S33 S26 Lake Goshiki-numa (Yoshida et al., 1978) meq/l 5 0 5 S20 S22 S18 S19 S21 R. Kitakami 0 5km 2 Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 106
Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 HCO 3 SO 4 Ca-SO 4 Ca-SO 4 HCO 3 Cl 2 300 700μS/cm 3 D 18 O - y d-excess 10 25 D 8 18 O d d-excess 2009 S16 d-excess 18 O ( ) -13.0-12.0-11.0-10.0-9.0 Local origin in the southeastern foot of Hachimantai volcanic group -60 D = 8 18 O+25 G2 S2 S16 S1 G5 S4 G3 D = 8 18 O+10-65 -70 D ( ) Northern area of R. Matsu (Hachimantai) Northern area of R. Matsu (Iwate) Eastern slope of Iwate volcano -75 3 107
catchment area km 2 flow rate m 3 /sec specific discharge m 3 / sec / km 2 upstream (A1) 14.13 0.74 0.052 downstream (A2) 18.53 1.12 0.060 1983 2008 S1 S4 G5 d-excess HCO 3 SO 4 3 ph4 ph 3.3 EC 1245μS/cm SO 2 2 4 713mg /L SO 4 R1 Ca-SO 4 1 A1 1 A2 2 0.74m 3 /sec 1.12m 3 /sec 0.05 m 3 /sec/km 2 0.06m 3 /sec/km 2 Ca-HCO 3 55m Ca-SO 4 Ca-SO 4 HCO 3 Cl 2 Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 G3 108
1978 1 G3 S2 Cl X X IG f IG X HG 1 f IG 1 X IG X HG X IG HG X f IG 0.0 1.0 1 X IG X HG 4 f IG 0.7 G3 7 3 2.3 1 / ph Ca 2 Na Mg 2 f IG 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.5 Cl - + SO 4 2-100% Matsuo -Goshiki Lake f IG 0.7 Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ 0.7 0.9 1.0 0% G3 0% meq/l 6 3 0 3 6 Na + +K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Cl- HCO3 - SO4 2+ Na + + K + HCO 3-100% f IG 0.7 109
Mt. Iwate Kanzawa-shimizu Springs meq/l 4 2 0 2 Na + +K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ d-excess 16.8 4 Cl - HCO 3 - SO 4 2- Hachimantai R. Matsu R. Aka sulfide minerals volcanic gases d-excess 15 HCO 3 type Mixing SO 4 type d-excess 20 5 dexcess d-excess 14.6 16.4 d-excess S1 S4 17.7 21.0 d-excess 16.8 3 7 3 5 Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 d-excess Ca-SO 4 HCO 3 Cl Ca-HCO 3 Ca-SO 4 110
7 3 2.3 1 m 2000 30 3 101 110. 1993 22 35 2 131 138. 2005 13. 2006 p194. 1999 21 5 290 295. 2007 37 4 221 252. 2000 30 1 23 32. 1992 5 1 21 5 73p. 1987 82 4 132 150. 2000 U99062 21pp. 1983 17 2 93 91. 2009 51 2 127 139. 1992 25 214 220. 1978 39 4 170 175. 2009 d-excess 22 4 262 276. Yamamoto, S. (1995) : Volcano Body Springs in Japan. Kokon Shoin, Tokyo, 264p. 111