(1998) IGES REVIEW PAPER ON THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 1970 Masahisa SATO E-mail: m-sato@iges.or.jp ( ) (IGES)* 1998 5 1970 * 240-0198 1560-39 Phone; (0468) 55-3840 Fax; (0468) 55-3809 The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Environmental Education Project 1
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(1998) IGES. Concepts on Environmental Education -1 William B. Stapp 1969 1 (1972) 2 Stapp (1969)(1972) (Motivated Citizens) Stapp Stapp (1969)(1972) (1) (2) (3) (4) Stapp (1972) Stapp, W B., (1972) The Challenge of Environmental Education 1960 100 (Spaceship Earth) 8 (Closed System) (Human Ecosystem) (Population) (Environmental Quality) (Ecosystem) (Land Ethic) (Environmental Contamination) (Environmental Decisions) -2. Robert E. Roth 1970 3 Robert E. Roth (1970) Fundamental Concepts for Environmental Management Education (K-16) 1 Stapp, W.B., (1969) The Concept of Environmental Education., Journal of Environmental Education 1(1), 30-31, 1969 2 Stapp, W. B., (1972) The Challenge of Environmental Education., State Environmental Education Conference, Michigan, 1972 3 Roth, R.E., (1970) Fundamental Concepts for Environmental Education., Journal of Environmental Education, 1(3), 65-75, 1970 3
(1998) IGES Roth (1970) (Environmental Management Education) (1) (2) (3) Roth (1) (2) (3) (Taxonomy) Roth (1970) (1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ) 89 40 350 13 111 Roth (Taxonomic List of Concept for Environmental Management Education) Roth (1970) 40 12 Roth 1970 Roth () (16) (Environmental Management) (8) (Management Techniques) (18) (Economics) (3) (Environmental Problems) (8) (Environmental Ecology) (9) (Adaptation and Evolution) (18) (Natural Resources) (10) (4) (Culture) (The Socio-Cultural Environment) (5) (Politics) (1) (The Family) (6) (Individuals) (4) (Psychological Aspects) Roth 40 12 Roth (1973) 4 4 Roth, R.E., (1973) A model for Environmental Education., Journal of Environmental Education., 5 (2), 38-39, 1973 4
(1998) IGES <Change> Formal Bio-Physical Education & Communication Quality of Life Socio-Cultural Management Non-formal Bio-Physical; Management; Socio-Cultural; -3. A M. Lucas (1972) 5 Lucas (1972) (Education about the Environment) (Education in the Environment) (Education for the Environment) 3 (1) Education about the Environment (2) Education in the Environment / (3) Education for the Environment -4. Harold R. Hungerford 1980) 6 Hungerford (1980) Hungerford (1) 1. 5 Lucas, A.M., (1972) Environment and Environmental Education; Conceptual issues and curriculum implications., Ph.D. dissertation, the Ohio State University, 1972 6 Hungerford, H.R., Peyton, R. B., Wilke, R.J., (1980) Goal for Curriculum Development in Environmental Education., Journal of Environmental Education, 21 (3), 8-21, 1980 5
(1998) IGES (2) 2. (3) 3. A. B. 4) 4. A. -5. (1985) 7 (1) A. 7 Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. (1985) A Guide to Curriculum Planning in Environmental Education., 1985 6
(1998) IGES B. (2) A. B. C. D. -6. IEEP (1990) UNESCO UNEP IEEP (International Environmental Education Project), Connect Meadows (1990) 8 Basic Concepts of Environmental Education Meadows 1989 8 (Level of Being) (Cycles) 8 Meadows D. H.., (1990) Basic Concepts of Environmental Education., Connect Vol 15 No.2, UNESCO-UNEP, 1990 7
(1998) IGES (Complex Systems) (Population Growth and Carrying ) (Environmentally Sustainable Development) (Socially Sustainable Development) (Knowledge and Uncertainty) (Sacredness) -7. Eugene P. Odum (1990) 9 Eugene P. Odum (1990) Odum, E.P., (1990) Great Ideas in Ecology for the 1990 s 20 5 Environmental Literacy (1) (2) ; ( ) ( (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 (7) 2 1 (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) 9 Odam, E.P., (1990) Great Ideas in Ecology for the 1990 s., Bio-Science 42 (7), p542-545, 1990 8
(1998) IGES -8. IUCN, UNEP, WWF (1991) 10 IUCN, UNEP, WWF(1991) (a World Ethic for Living Society) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 (7) IUCN UNEP WWF (1992) 1. 2. 3. 4. -9. Fien J., (1993) 11 10 IUCN, UNEP, WWF (1991) Caring for the Earth, A Strategy for Sustainable Living 11 Fien, J., (1993) Education for sustainable living: An international perspective on Environmental Education., Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, (13), 7-20, 1993 9
(1998) IGES Fien (1993) 2 Fien (1993) (Ecological Sustainability) (Interdependence) (Bio Diversity) (Living lightly on the earth) (Interspecies Equity) (Social Justice) (Basic Human Needs) (Human Rights) (Participation) (Intergenerational Equity) -10. (Education for Sustainability Forum, UK) 1980 (Sustainable Development) Sterling with EDETG (1992) 12 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) NGO (Environmental Education for Sustainable Societies and Global Responsibility) -11. (1998) 13 (1998) (1) (2) (3) (4) 12 Sterling, S., EDET., (1992) Good earth keeping; Education, Training and Awareness for a Sustainable Future., London: UNEP-UK, 1992 13 (1998), 1998 10
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(1998) IGES. Definition of Environmental Education -1. United States Public Law 91-516 The Environmental Education Act, 1970 14 ( ) 1977 1983 1990 (National Environmental Education Act, 1990) (1990) 15-2. (1968) 16 (1968) -3. (OAS) (1971) 17 (Organization of American States) 14 United States Public Law 91-516 The Environmental Education Act., (1970) 15 House of Representatives (1990) 101 st Congress, 2 nd Edition, National Environmental Education Act., Report to Accompany H..R. 3684., 1990 16 EDC & CREDO., (1968) One of the aims of social studies` Report of a Conference of African Editors, EDC and CREDO, held at Mombasa, Kenya, 1968 17 Organization of American States (1971) Proceedings of the Organizational of American States Conference on Education and the Environment in the America, 1971 12
(1998) IGES -4. IUCN (1970) 18 National Association for Environmental Education (NAEE) 1970 IUCN NAEE -5. UNESCO-Finland (1974) 19 UNESCO-Finland UNESCO-Finland UNESCO-Finland (1) (2) (3) (4) -6 UNESCO-UNEP(1976) 20 1975 18 IUCN Commission of Education. (1970) International Working ng on Environmental Education in the School Curriculum, Paris, UNESCO, 1970 19 UNESCO-Finland (1974) Report of the Seminar on Environmental Education, Jamini, Finland, 1974 20 UNESCO-UNEP (1976) Belgrade Charter., Connect, 1(1), 1976 13
(1998) IGES -7. UNESCO-UNEP 1978 21 ( ) (Environmental Ethics) -8. Schmeider (1977) 22 Schmeider (1997) (Action Process) (Action Process) 10-9. UNESCO (1998) 23 (Declaration of Thessaloniki, Greek, Dec 1997) 1997 12 (Education for Sustainability or Educating for a Sustainable Future) 11 21 UNESCO-UNEP (1978) Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education, Tbilisi (USSR) Final Report., 1978 22 Schmeider, Allen A.., (1977) The Nature and Philosophy of Environmental Education: Goals and Object, Trends in Environmental Education, 23-34 UNESCO, 1977 23 UNESCO (1998) International Conference of Environment and Society; Education and Public Awareness for Sustainability., Thessaloniki, Declaration of Thessaloniki., Greece, 1998 14
(1998) IGES (1997) 11 21 (1998) UNESCO UNESCO EPD (Environment and Population, Education and Information for Development) Gustavo Ropets Ospina (1997) (Education for Sustainability or Educating for a Sustainable Future) 15
(1998) IGES. Goals of Environmental Education -UNESCO-UNEP (1972) 24 19 96 UNESCO ( ) 1975 UNESCO UNEP (International Environmental Education Programme, IEEP) (UNESCO-UNEP,1976) (1977) (1) (2) (3) 24 UNESCO-UNEP (1972) The United Nations Conference on Human Environment, Declaration on Human Environment.,1972 16
(1998) IGES (1) (Awareness) (2) (Knowledge) (3) (Attitudes) (4) (Skills) (5) (Participation) 17
(1998) IGES. 1970 (1994) 25 (Educational Resources Information Center, ERIC) (1994) 1970 1970 (15% ) 1970 1970 20 (1994) (587 ) (1994) (1) A (1966-1967) Ecology Geography Ecology (2) B (1968) Conservation Education Natural Resources A (3) C (1969-1977) Pollution (4) D (1978-1981) 25 (1994), 1994 18
(1998) IGES ( 1973 1979 ) Language Arts, Mathematics Education, Earth Science Interdesciplinary Approach (5) E (1982-1988) B (6) F (1989-1990) (7) G (1991) (1994) 26 26 (1994), op.cit. 19
(1998) IGES. (1994) Roth (1969) 27 (1972) 28 Hungerford 1980 29 Roth, Hungerford (1994) 30 Jickling B (1992) 31 WCED(1987) Pike & Selby 1995 32 (EEASA) 1993 33 (Conservation Education) (Education for Change) (Sustainable Development) (J. Homberg & R. Sandbrook, 1992) 1980 IUCN UNEP WWF WCED(1987) 34 1992 (Education for Sustainability) (Education for Sustainable Development) (Education for Sustainable Living) (Education for a Sustainable World) (Education for a Sustainable Future) 27 Roth (1969), op.cit. 28 Roth (1972), op.cit. 29 Hungerford (1980), op.cit. 30 (1994), op.cit. 31 Jickling (1992), op.cit. 32 Pike, G., Selby, D., (1995) Reconnecting from national to Global Curriculum., Goldaming, Survey: WWF, 1995 33 Environmental Education Association of South Africa. (1993) Education for Change, 1993 34 WCED (1987),, 1987 20
(1998) IGES Jickling B (1992) 35 UNESCO (1968) Final Report, International Conference of Experts on the Scientific Basic for Rational Use and Conservation of the Resources of Biosphere., Paris, UNESCO, 1968 (1997), (1997),., (1993), 35 Jickling, B., (1992) Why I don t want my children to be educated for sustainable development., Journal of Environmental Education., 23 (4), 5-8., 1992 21