. (a) P P P P P P () P P P P (0) P P Hotω H P P δ ω H δ P P (a) ( ) ()
H P P n0(k P 4.7) (a)0 0 H n(k P 4.76) P P n0(k P 5.08) n0(k P.4) () 0 0 (0 ) n(k P 7.56) H P P n0(k P.7) n(k P.7) H P P n(k P 5.4) ()0 0 () 0 0. (a) 90( P P () 0( Q u ().0m 90 P P ( ) 0 0k/m 0k/m (a).0m Q u, P P (k/m) 00 P P () (90 ) Q u ( ) 00 0 0 60 90.0m () 600 500 400 Q u (0 ) () (). 4(a) a a n n Q S Q S
Q S Q S Q S a a δ / 0 Q S 4 Q n Q Mirosot Exl Solvr H Q (min) S Q S a Q W S T W Q 0 ( ) W T T S H Q H Q S S Q W T Q 0 W T H Q (max) W Q S (a) S a T () 4 5 Q 5 (min) Q 0 a S W 4 5 Q 4 5 S T 5 W S 4 Q 4 T 4 W S T Q Q W W T T 5
( ) 6(a) V V L D () D (a) () 6. r r r 4 a 4 P P r/ r r 4 r r r p V P P rp V 7 (Prantl90) (>0 0) 7 () ( + ) 5. 4 ( ) r P r r / r r Mo P r Mr r + r r ( + ) MoMr () 4
(Rissnr,94) 0 >0 (Cauot,94)>0 () (5) 8 >0 a + 4 r 0 θ 4 + 4 θ tan r r 0 8 tan tan ot tan + + tan + ( ) 4 4 ( ) ot tan tan +, ( ) 4 () + ( 4). (Trzaghi 94) 9 a a 4 4 9 5
γ + + γ ( 5) ( ) ot xp tan sin ( 6) (5) (6) ( ) /tan /tan (7) (8) γ ' ' + ' + γ ' ( 7) ' ot( ' ) ' xp ' tan ' sin' ' tan tan ( 8) () ' ' ' 0 0.0.0 0.0 0.0.0 0.0 5 7..6 0.0 4.5.4 0.0 0 9.6.7. 5..9 0.0 5.9 4.4.4 6.4.7. 0 7.7 7.4 4.6 7.9.9.0 5 5..7 9. 9.9 5.6. 0 7..5 0.0.7 8. 5.4 5 57.8 4.4 44.0 6.8.8 9.6 40 95.7 8. 4.0. 0.5 9. 45 7. 7. 0.0 4. 5. 7.0 0 (6) 0 + / 0 6
(6) 0, 0 0 4 5 6 7 γ 0, 0 γ 0, 0k/m γ 0 k/m, 0k/m 0 SOIL MECHAICS EGIEERIG PRACTIE n Eition(967) (8) (9) (9) γ tan + 4 tan ( ) ot ( tan(.4 ) ( 9) (Myrho,96). L (L) 0 L o L (0) (+0.5/L) L + α L + 0.5 L ( 0) (0) 7
(0) 0.5 0. () β 0. L ( ) (0) () () + 0. + + 0.5 0. γ γ ( ) L L L (). + + 0. γ γ ( ) 4. a γ D P sinω + ξ ω45-/ g P D D P g D otω D ω sin P ω ω R (5) a g P P Psinω g g P D + γd sinω ( ω ) sin tan ω osω + P + P W γ D a + D D + γ ξ sin ω ξ ( ω + ) sin sin tanω osω () κ κ + ot ω κ + + D ( ) ot ξ( / ) + tan ( 4) 8
tan + xp( tan ) 4 ξ tan + xp tan 4 ( 5) () κ κ + κ ( ) ( ω + ) sin sin D + + ( 6) ξ tanω osω ( -)( -) (7) (8) κ D κ +0. ( 7) κ + 0. D ( 8) 0. κ D ( ) 0.4 0. 0. 0.0 ( κ ) [ ] D ( κ ) [ ], D ( κ ) [ ] D 0. 0. D ( κ ) [ ] 0 0 0 0 40 (). V H tan H/V 9
(965) i i i θ θ i i, i γ ( 9) 90 5 4 i i i i..0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. 0.0 5 γ ( θ ) i γ γ ( 0) 0 0 0 0 40 i i..0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. 0.0 5 i ( θ ) i ( θ ) i ( 0) ( 0) i i i 0 0 0 0 40 () () (a) (5 ) () (5 ) 4.4 p 0 5(a) () p 0 - + p V 0 p p V p0 p p / /- /- / (a) () 5 0
.5 ( α +βγ + γ D ) [ ] γ ( 0) a α +βγγ + γ D a [ ] ( ) a..0+0./l. ß 0.5 0.4 0.5-0./L 0. () 0 5. 0.0.0 5 5. 0.4.4 0 5. 0.9.9 5 6.5. 4.7.7 0 7.9 5.9.9 5 9.9. 7.6 5.6 8.4 4.4 9. 7. 0.9 0.6 6. 4. 6 4. 0.5.6.6 4095.7 4 8. 8. - 6 () γ D ( ) α +βγ + γ D D D () D γ D α + βγ + γ D ( ) ( ) γ a (4) { α + βγ + γ D ( ) } a γ D γ D (5) ( 4)
{ α + βγ + γ D ( ) } a γ + ( 5) 6 + <8 >40 8<<40 7 5..4 95.7 4.4 4 7. 8. 7.6 (6) (7) ( i α + i βγ + i γ D ) [ ] a γ γ a iα + iγβγγ + iγ D ( 6) [ ] ( 7) i, iγ, (9) i (0)
() () 0 5.4 0.00.00 5.8.4 7.07 5.8 0.00.09 6.88 4.07 7.8 5.6 0.0.0 8.05 4.8 8.66 5.90 0.0. 4 9. 5.7 9.60 4 6.9 0.04.4 5 0.7 6.77 0.66 5 6.49 0.07.57 6.5 8.00.85 6 6.8 0..7 7.94 9.46.0 7 7.6 0.5.88 8 5.80.9 4.7 8 7.5 0..06 9 7.86.4 6.44 9 7.9 0.8.5 0 0.4 5.67 8.40 0 8.4 0.7.47.67 8.56 0.6 8.80 0.47.7 5.49.0.8 9.8 0.60.97 8.64 6.7 6.09 9.8 0.74.6 4 4.6.5 9.44 4 0.7 0.9.59 5 46. 7.5.0 5 0.98..94 6 50.59 44.4 7.75 6.6.7 4.4 7 55.6 5.7 4.9 7.4.66 4.77 8 6.5 64.07 48.9 8.0.00 5.6 9 67.87 77. 55.96 9.9.40 5.80 40 75. 9.69 64.0 0 4.8.87 6.40 4 75. 9.69 64.0 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 0 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 γ 0 0 0 0 40 50 () 8
.7 Q u Q A' ( 8) u ακ + κ + γ β' γ ( 9) A A' ' L' ' γ D D ' κ + 0. ', L' L L ( 0) θ D H D L 9 L D D V - / γ,, 4 a.0..0+0.'/l'. ß.0 0.6.0-0.4'/L' 0.6 θ h a ω ψ 4 4 0 skolovsky 5 4
5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 40 0.00 0.7 0.56.40.6 6.9 5. 5.9 86.46 0.00.57.47.94 6.40 0.70 8.40.0 64.0 5.4 6.49 8.4 0.98 4.8 0.7 0. 46.08 75. 0.09 0.8 0.99. 5.0.0 4.8 6.8 5.4.6.44 5.56 9.7 5.60 7.90 5.70 5.8 7.4 9.67.56 7.86 5.6 8.59 6.09 0.7 0.6.5.4 7.46 7.40 4.78 0.50.84 4.65 7.65.90.80 4.40 5.05 6.4 8.0.0 5.06.4.66 49.79 0.5 0.89.6 7.9.4 7.6 5.70.64 6. 0.40 8.0.0 4.5 5.8 6.9 9.4.8 7.6 5.40 9.7 0..9.9 6.9 6.4 0.09 4.58 7.97.90 5.40.4 4.5 5.60 7.5 9.90.75 9.88 0.6 0.8.50.85 9.58 5.4 5.67 0.0 8.70.7 4.5 5.7 7.66 0.57 5..7 0.4.84 4.96 0.75 6.94.0.4 4.4 5.70 7.84.5 6.54 0.47. 5.08 8.4 4.0 5.56 7.88.6 0.49 40.4.7 5.9 7.78 45. 4.9 () 0 ( ) ot os os osω ( ω ) ( ) ( ) ψ tan + sin + tanω tanθ ( ) θ tan h ψ + ω 4 ( ) 5
.8 6 () a ( i α + iγ βγγ + i γ D ) a ακ + κ + γβ' γ ( ) a iα + iγ βγ γ + iγ D + + a ακ κ γ β' γ tan0 tan>0 tan0 tan>0 tan0 tan>0.0+ 0. / L. 0.0 + 0.' / L'. 0 0.5 0. / L. 0.0 0.4' / L'. 0 + 0. ' / ' - D 4 ( ) 4. ( ) ( ) ( ) 4. θ H V 0 sin ( ω ) a V 0 os( ω ) V 0 ε ω ζ ψ V V V 0 ρ V r 0 0 r ϕ V sin( ω +ψ ) osζ V sin ζ V η V V os( ω +ψ ) V 6
() + + γ γ ( ) os X sinω + sinε sin ψ tan ( ) sinζ + sinη ψ tan ( 4) sinϕ osζ X sinη ψ tan ( 5) γ sinε X sinρ ψ tan sinϕ sinζ osζ sinη ψ tan sinω sin ρ sin sinε { sin( ω + ψ ) + tan os( ω + ψ )} 9 tan + ( ε ) sinω tan osω ( 6) X sin ρ os sin ε { sin( ε ) + tanθ ( ε )} ( 7) ρ, ϕ +, ε + ( ω + ρ), ζ ( ω + ψ ), η ( ζ ϕ) ( 8) (9) ψ 0, 0 ω ψ ( 9) ζ η 4 ψ + ω 4 ( 40) (0) (θ0) ω ε + 4 ( 4) 4. S (4) 7
S θ V 0 h V 0 sin( ε ) a os( ε ) ε ω ζ β ψ ζ β V 0 ρ V 0 V r 0 r ϕ V V V osζ V η g V sinζ + + γ γ ( 4) ψ tan ( ) os sinω + g + + X sinε sin r0 ψ tan X r S 0 ψ tan {( + gosβ) osζ + gsin β sinζ } ( 4) ( 44) sinε γ X sin ρ r0 ψ tan ψ tan osζ sinω sin ρ sin( ε ) {( r + ) Ssinζ + g gsinη} { sin( ω + ψ ) + tan os( ω + ψ )} 9tan + sinε sinω tan osω ( 45) X sin ρ os sin ε { sin( ε ) + tanθ ( ε )} ( 46) ρ, ϕ +, ε ( ω + ρ), ζ ( ω + ψ ), η ( ζ + ϕ β ) ( 47) sinε r0 sin ρ ψ tan r r0 ( 48) sin ω sinζ a r0 S sin ε os r + S{ sinζ tan osζ } ( ) ( 49) sinϕ sin ζ β g g ( 50) sinη sinη (5) ψ 0, 0 ω ψ ( 5) 8