CNS CNS WG 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2
.
QCD : Tc = 150-200 MeV, QGP
QGP μ K > 1 GeV/fm 3 5
(CERN) LHC (2009-), 27 km snn = 2.76, 5.5 TeV Pb-Pb (BNL) RHIC (2000-), 3.8 km snn = 10-200 GeV Au+Au
.
QGP R AA = hot/dense QCDmedium QCD vacuum = N binary dn AA /dp T dy dn pp /dp T dy R AA 10 Au+Au - 200 GeV (central collisions): Direct 2, 2* [PHENIX] ± Inclusive h [STAR] + 0 [PHENIX]. [PHENIX] g GLV energy loss (dn /dy = 1400) 1 scaling N coll -1 10 N part scaling 1) 高運動量粒子の減少 2) 相反ジェットの消失 エネルギー損失 数 GGeeVV//ffmm 低エネルギー衝突では見られない ハドロンガスではかんがえられない QQGGPP 生成の証拠のひとつ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 (GeV/c) Fig. 16. R AA (p T ) measured in central AuAu at 200 GeV for + 0 [89] and. [135] mesons, charged hadrons [114], and direct photons [136, 137] compared to theoretical predictions for parton energy loss in a dense medium with dn g /dy = 1400 (yellow curve) [138]. top RHIC energies is very close to the participant scaling, (N part /2)/N coll 0.17, expected in the strong quenching limit where only hadrons coming from partons produced at the surface of the medium show no final-state modifications in their spectra [141]. From the R AA one can approximately obtain the fraction of energy lost,! loss = &p T /p T,via! loss 1 R 1/(n 2) AA, (36) pedestal and flow when the AuAu and pp invariant spectra are both a power-law with exponent n, i.e. 1/p T dn/dp T # p n T [142]. At RHIC (n 8, R AA 0.2), one finds! loss 0.2. The high-p T AuAu suppression can be well reproduced by parton energy loss models that assume the formation of a very dense system with initial gluon rapidity densities dn g /dy 1400 (yellow line in Fig. 16) [138], transport coeffi- p T
QQEEDD の場合 Stopping power [MeV cm 2 /g] 100 10 1 Lindhard- Scharff Nuclear losses µ 3 Anderson- Ziegler Bethe-Bloch Minimum ionization µ + on Cu Radiative effects reach 1% Bremsstrahlung Radiative Radiative losses Without 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10 4 10 5 10 6 12 E µc CCoolllliissiioonnaall BBeetthhee--BBlloocchh RRaaddiiaattiivvee BBeetthhee--HHeeiittlleerr ((tthhiinn;; LL<<<<λ)) LLaannddaauu-- PPoommeerraanncchhuukk-- MMiiggddaall ((tthhiicckk;; LL>>>>λ)) 0.1 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 [MeV/c] [GeV/c] Muon momentum [TeV/c] ddee//ddxx 測定 物性を決定 QQEEDD プラズマ中でのエネルギー損失 TT && mmdd を与える 9
QQGGPP に特徴的なエネルギー損失 E E- E CCoolllliissiioonnaall E E 1 E E- E E RRaaddiiaattiivvee E 2 X (medium) E SC R ˆq L 2 ppqqccdd ddee//ddxx 測定 物性や JJeett TToommooggrraapphhyy QGP 10
Reaction plane Z 変換 P y P z P x Y X 座標空間 運動量空間 ecc = y2 x 2 y 2 + x 2 v 2 = p2 y p 2 x p 2 y + p 2 x hhyyddrrooddyynnaammiiccss!! /R 0 λ /R 0 と共に変換効率が高く流体力学に近づく
v2 PHENIX PRL 98(2007)162301 Au+Au 200 GeV / / (v2) - thermalization 0.6 fm/c -! QGP - (nq)
Higher Harmonics RHIC (η/s) ~ 0.1 η/s (1/4π) e.g. (CGC).
QGP (RHIC-PHENIX ) PHENIX (Nucl. Phys. A757, 184-283, (2003)): 1478., PRL 104 (2010) 132301, 188 J/ψ, PRL 98 (2007) 232301, 348, PRL 88 (2002) 022301, 690, PRL 91 (2003) 182301, 491 QGP, PRC 69 (2004) 034909, 552, PRL 98 (2007) 172301, 418 * SPIRES 2013.2.7
PHENIX 500 70 (RHIC-PHENIX ) PHENIX PHENIX Executive WG - PHENIX CC-J ( ) 100 10,000 30 PHENIX QGP QGP 2011 (2009), (2009), (2008), (2005) 15
LHC - RHIC 1.4. Υ
ALICE ( ) 4 ( 11 15 ) ( PHOS ) ( ) GEM-TPC Tier 2 17 (LHC-ALICE )
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(QGP) Thermalization QGP ( ) - QCD critical point (RHIC) : η/s/(1/4π) η/s / (1/4π) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Temperature (T/T ) c LHC Experiments Full-energy RHIC experiments String Theory Bound (KSS) pqcd (AMY) hydro+iqcd Hadron Gas Lattice QCD (gluodynamics) semi-qgp QPM (finite µ ) B Hydro Fit (Niemi et al.) Hydro Fit (Song - a) Hydro Fit (Song - b) KSS Bound (T/Tc) (1) (high pt) (2) light quark, heavy quark
QGP LHC RHIC QGP - EOS QGP RHIC 2 π. High pt RHIC
(higher harmonics) FFlluuccttuuaattiioonnss ooff tthhee UUnniivveerrssee QGP FFlluuccttuuaattiioonnss ooff LLiittttllee bbaanngg AALLIICCEE,, SSeepp,, Power spectrum WMAP, QGP ( η/s) lepton, light quark, heavy quark QGP 21 High-pT
.
RHIC, LHC QCD High-pT lepton, light quark, heavy quark. QGP ( snn=10 5500GeV).. 23
RHIC-PHENIX High-pT High-pT PHENIX sphenix RHIC QGP ( ) 24 sphenix : $20M-30M BNL DOE-CD0 arxiv:1207.6378
LHC-ALICE ALICE GEM-TPC (Tier2) LHC Pb-Pb (50kHz) 100 ATLAS, CMS ALICE : 40M LHCC endorsement (2012 9 ) (PID ) QGP 25
CERN (RCNP) CNS 26
50 ( 2013 ) ( ) CERN sphenix ( ) ( ) ( ) LHC-ALICE ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 27
(H26-H35 10 ) H26-H30 LHC ALICE GEM-TPC H30 10 H31-H35 LHC ALICE /RHIC-(s)PHENIX / ( / x 10 = 10 ) RHIC sphenix R&D, R&D, H30 10 28 ALICE : 10 sphenix High-pT : 10 / : 10
LHC LHC QCD ( ) NuPECC endorsement White Paper (US) RHIC RHIC (critical point ) QGP White Paper (Tribble 29 QGP
EEnneerrggyy ddeennssiittyy E/µ 4 HHoollooggrraapphhyy aanndd ccoolllliiddiinngg ggrraavviittaattiioonnaall sshhoocckk wwaavveess iinn aassyymmppttoottiiccaallllyy AAddSS55 PPRRLL110066,,002211660011((22001111)) TTiimmee µv µz QCD QCD 10 LHC-ALICE RHIC-PHENIX CERN QCD 30
BACKUP SLIDES 31
RHIC QGP (2002-2003) (PHENIX, 2002) (PHENIX, PHOBOS, BRAHMS, STAR, 2003)
RHIC QGP (2005) 33
(2010) Grab from my other talk (AAPT)