0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 2.8% 60.7% 83.7% 13.3% 30.0% 9.0% 4.7% 2.6% 59.1% 0.4% 81.8% 6.3% 8.7% 28.8% 7.0% km 81.8% 6.9% 15.6% 28.8% Deutsche Bundes

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1 1km DBAG Andrea OBERMAUER 1 EU EU % 2.8% 12 JR ÖPNV 1 JR % 1 km 024 Vol.1 No Winter

2 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 2.8% 60.7% 83.7% 13.3% 30.0% 9.0% 4.7% 2.6% 59.1% 0.4% 81.8% 6.3% 8.7% 28.8% 7.0% km 81.8% 6.9% 15.6% 28.8% Deutsche Bundesbahn Deutsche Reichsbahn 2 EU % 6.2%39.9% 24.7% 12.5 DM 50 DM 135 DM 440 DM 39 DM 136 DM 3 DB DR 108 DM DM 3 DB DR 100 DM Vol.1 No Winter 025

3 Einigungsvertrag DM ,800 DM 5,690 DM EU 91/440/EC 3 Gesetz zur Änderung des Grundgesetzes Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Eisenbahnwesens EU EU DB DR DB AG 1999 DB AG DB AG A B AB C A BC 1995 DM DBAG DBAG 4 DBAG DM 9.78 DM DBAG DM DM DBAG DM % Eigentumsrecht DBAG 026 Vol.1 No Winter

4 3.1.2 Infrastrukturaufgabe des Staates Infrastrukturverantwortung Vorfinanzierung DBAG 4 87 e Gemeinwohl 8 12 Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz BSchwAG Bedarfsplan Eisenbahnneuordnungsgesetz ENeuOG DBAG EU EU EU EU EU EU EUEU 9 EU EU EU EU key link 5 10 EU EU km/h 9,000km 24,000km Vol.1 No Winter 027

5 EU EU 14 TEN ,000 ECU 14 5 EU EU Bundesverkehrswegeplan BVWP DBAG DBAG DBAG DM 2,500 2,140 2,096 2,000 1,500 1,183 1,086 1, Vordringlicher Bedarf EU DBAG 5 Weiterer Bedarf 200km 028 Vol.1 No Winter

6 Inter City Express ICE 3,200km 200km/h 14 2,082km ,539 DM 2,140 DM 1,183 DM 8 2,810 1DM DM DM 5, , DMDBAG 64 DM DBAG 84.8 DM km 1,050km 12 3,510km 1,835km 2, km 2 1, , Thirdpartner 17,18 DBAG DBAG DBAG 17 Vol.1 No Winter 029

7 DM 17 DBAG DM 72 DM DM DM DBAG 1995 DBAG 2 DM DM 19 Regionalisierungsgesetz Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz GVFG 50% DM 50% DBAG DM 63.8% public-private-partnership JR JR JR3 35%JR NTT NTT-B JR JR JR JR 3 5 JR Vol.1 No Winter

8 35 JR JR ,019 8 JR 724 JR JR JR 69 1, DM 200km/h 45% 2, EU EU 12 2 EU 2 TEN EU km Paris Brussel Köln Amsterdam London PBKAL Paris Brussel Köln Amsterdam PBKA km 204km 300km EU ECU DM ECU=1.98DM Vol.1 No Winter 031

9 3458 DBAG Intermodaler Verkehrshafen DM1.53 DM 1.7 DM 0.87 DM 1.53 DM DBAG 26 ICE % % PBKA EUROSTAR Thalys ICE3 3 EUROSTAR Thalys 4 1 ICE3 EU TEN EU 1,435mm PBKA Thalys 4 27 PBKAL 250km 300km ICE32 ICE3 ICE ICE ICE multi-system 30 ICE3 ICE3 30 4% Thalys 27, Vol.1 No Winter

10 km 69km 7.56 DM km 77.5 DM 5, km 5, km 4, km 8, km 1, km 1, km 4, km 21, km ,082km1km km ICE 3 2,082km km 2 1,160 4,5508,420 1,8801,740 4, % 13% 22% 13% 7% 36% 3% DM 77.5 DM67 DM 10 DM DBAG DBAG 177km 3 5 1km km 49%8% 25%18% DM400km 1km DM26.5 Vol.1 No Winter 033

11 13 3% 36% 49% ,835km ICE 1,461km 456km EU % 1, ,455km 3,510km 519 DM 3 6,4002,050km 405km 2 1, ,050km 3 6,400 45% 200km/h 2, DM ,230 45% , , km 1,050km 5 4,859 1,050km 1, Vol.1 No Winter

12 1994 CO 2.7 NOX 10.7CO58.7 NOX EU 35 1,800km Nakamura Ueda[1989] 34 1ÖPNV; Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr 1 50km1 2Deutsche Reichsbahn DR [1998]p.79 [1994]p DB Station & Service AG DB Reise & Touristik AG DB Regio AGDB Cargo AG DB Netz AG 5 keylinkmain connections 6 1,183 DM DM 360 DM DBAG 64 DM 84.8 DM 360 DM 72 DM % BMV Bundesminister fur Verkehr ed [1997a], Verkehr in Zahlen 1997, Bonn, Berlin. 2 [1997] 3 BMV Bundesministerium für Verkehr [1997b], Strukturreform der Bundeseisenbahnen, Bonn, BMV 4 BGBL.I Bundesgesetzblatt [1993], Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Eisenbahnwesens Eisenbahnneuordnungsgesetz-ENeuOG Bundesgesetzblatt, Volume I, 27. Dezember 1993, pp [1997] 6 Van de Loo Armin [1995] Die Organisation der Deutschen Bahn AG, Vorstand Deutsche Bahn AG ed. Jahrbuch des Eisenbahnwesens : Die Bahnreform. Folge /95 Darmstadt Hestra-Verlag, pp DBAG Deutsche Bahn AG ed. [1997] Geschäftsbericht 1996 Berlin DBAG. 8 BMV Bundesministerium für Verkehr ed. [1997c], Fünfjahresplan für den Ausbau der Schienenwege des Bundes in den Jahren 1998 bis 2002 Bonn, BMV. 9 Fonger, Matthias [1994], Auf dem Weg zu einer gesamteuropäischen Infrastrukturplanung?, Internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol.46, No.11, pp Ellwanger, Gunther/Wilckens, Martin[1993], Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr gewinnt an Fahrt, Internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol.45, No.5 pp BMV Bundesministerium fur Verkehr ed. [1992], Bundesverkehrswegeplan, Bonn, BMV 12 BMV Bundesministerium für Verkehr [1997d], Bericht zum Ausbau der Schienenwege 1997, Drucksache 13 / 8889, Bonn, Bundesanzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft. 13 BMV Bundesministerium fur Verkehr ed. [1997e], Perspektiven der Verkehrspolitik, Bonn, BMV. 14 [1995] 15[1998] [1996] Sack Diethelm, [1995], Der finanzielle Neubeginn, Vorstand Deutsche Bahn AG ed. : Jahrbuch des Eisenbahnwesens. Die Bahnreform. Folge /95, Darmstadt, Hestra-Verläg, pp Schröder, Jens[1994], Die Vorschlage zur Sanierung der Bahn in Deutschland-Geschichte, Synopse und Quintessenz, Institut fur Verkehrswissenschaft an der Universität Münster : Netzwerke. Berichte aus dem IVM, Schwerpunktthema : Reform der Eisenbahnen, Ausgabe Nr. 7, Dezember 1994, pp BMV Bundesministerium fur Verkehr [1997f], Bericht zum Ausbau der Schienenwege 1996, Drucksache 13/6929, Bonn, Bundesanzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft 20 Aberle, Gerd[1997], Transportwirtschaft. Einzelwirtschaftliche und Vol.1 No Winter 035

13 gesamtwirtschaftliche Grundlagen. München, Wien, R. Oldenbourg Verlag. 21 Rothengatter, Werner[1998], [1996] 23 [1991] 24[1997] Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG Marketing, Deutsche Bahn AG ed. [1997], Reisewelten von morgen - Fernbahnhof Flughafen Frankfurt, Frankfurt 26 DBProjekt GmbH [1997b], Zum Thema. Neubaustrecke KölnRhein/Main, No.5, Oktober Bromberger, Laurent [1997], La nouvelle route du Nord, La vie du rail & des transports, No,9, Dic, DBProjekt GmbH[1998b], Zum Thema. Neubaustrecke Kön-Rhein/Main, No,2, April DBProjekt GmbH [1998a], Zum Thema. Neubaustrecke Köln-Rhein/Main, No.1, Feburar DBProjekt GmbH [1997a], Zum Thema. Neubaustrecke Köln-Rhein/Main, No.1, Februar DBProjekt GmbH [1997c], Zum Thema. Neubaustrecke Köln-Rhein/Main, No.6, Dezember [1997] Vieregg, Martin[1996], Die Wirtschaftlichkeit muß steigen,internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol.48, No.4, pp Nakamura, H.,T.Ueda [1989], The Impacts of the Shinkansen on Regional Development, in : The fifth World Conference on Transport Research : Transport Policy, Management & Technology towards 2001.Vol.III : Challenges facing transport in urban and regional development and transport in developing countries Yokohama : Western Periodicals Co., p [1998], EU 36[1994] 37 [1998] Comparison of investment in high-speed railway construction and its finance in Japan and Germany By Andrea OBERMAUER In Germany, there have been built several high-speed railway lines in the short time since reunification under the federal government s support, by providing subsidies or non-interest loans In Japan, the main high-speed railway lines have been built earlier than in Germany and connect already the economic centers in the pacific coastal belt. However, the expansion of the Shinkansen network to the three islands Kyushu, Shikoku and Hokkaido is in danger to be delayed because of the recent economic crisis that makes the finance of new high-speed railway projects difficult. Therefore, a new finance system has been introduced in order to secure the continuation of investments into the high-speed railway construction. However, the budget has been reduced for 1998, and if this process continues, a further delay in construction could be caused. Since the connection to Shinkansen lines is of vital importance also for the economic development in the regions and for the protection of the environment, an active support of the improvement of the high-speed railway network by the government is also necessary in Japan. Key Words ; high-speed railway system DBAG New Shinkansen projectfinancial system TEN 036 Vol.1 No Winter

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