96 4 USDP 2 4 SPDC 3 30 SPDC 85% SPDC 7 UCSB 8 9 SPDC SPDC Order No. 4/2011, New Light of Myanmar NLM), 31 March 2011, p. 9

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1 SPDC USDP 1990 NLD USDP USDP 79% 77% SPDC USDP 1 SPDC royal abode

2 96 4 USDP 2 4 SPDC 3 30 SPDC 85% SPDC 7 UCSB 8 9 SPDC SPDC Order No. 4/2011, New Light of Myanmar NLM), 31 March 2011, p President Office Order No. 9/2011, NLM, 31 March 2011, p Order No. 3/2011, NLM, 31 March 2011, p Order No. 6/2011 and Order No. 7/2011 respectively, NLM, 31 March 2011, p Order No. 2/2011 and Order No. 1/2011 respectively, NLM, 31 March 2011, p SPDC Notification No. 5/2011 to 8/2011, NLM, 31 March 2011, p. 8.

3 SPDC 2014 ASEAN NLM, 1 April , , MNHRC

4 98 NLD NLD MDS MDS 20 1 SPDC ASEAN ASEAN 17 EU

5 OTS 6 OTS 9 n.a. OTS 6 OTS 9 OTS 10 OTS 8 n.a. n.a. OTS 6 DSA 1 n.a. OTS 28 DSA 3 * OTS n.a. n.a. DSA 19 DSA 22 DSA 20 OTS 56 DSA 18 OTS 61 DSA 20 DSA 22 OTS 56 n.a. n.a. -- n.a. n.a. -- OTS 25 OTS 25 DSA 22 n.a.= --= OTS= DSA= * 2001 Maung Aung Myo. Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948 (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009) 3 MDS MDS

6 100 MDS MDS 25% 18 MDS Tin Maung Maung Than, Tatmadaw in Transition: Dealing with Internal Conflict, in V.R. Raghavan ed., Internal Conflict in Myanmar: Transnational Consequences (New Delhi: Vij Books, 2011), pp speech in NLM, 31 March

7 101 SPDC MDS MDS NTS 23 SPDC MDS MDS MDS 21 Hseng Khio Fah, Chinese made military trucks arriving at border raises question, Shan Herald Agency for News, 30 June 2011, at Myanmar military will attend military course in Malaysia, Radio Free Asia (Burmese), 22 October 2011 at Francis Wade, Russia closing deal over 20 fighter jets, Democratic Voice of Burma, 4 August 2011, in online newsgroup BurmaNet News, 4 August Tin Maung Maung Than, op. cit., pp The speech of General Min Aung Hlaing at passing out parade of the 54th intake of the Defence Service Academy on 9 December 2011, reported in NLM, 10 December

8 102 CFG2011 NDSC NDSC NDSC 2 2 MDS BGF 25 MDS CFG SPDC CFG MDS KIO KIA CFG NDSC 25 MDS SPDC 2009 CFG BGF BGF BGF CFG MDS

9 103 MDS MDS KIA SSA-S CFG KIA 1 IDP CFG BGF CFG DKBA 1 BGF CFG UNFC Union Government Announcement No. 1/2011, NLM, 19 August 2011.

10 BGF 2008 NDAA-ESS DKBA CFG Saw Yan Naing, Ethnic armies reject piecemeal peace talks, Irrawaddy online, 19 August 2011, at UNFC 9 2 KIO CFG 1 KNPP 1 NMSP CFG 1 CFG PNLO CFG ANC CFG CNF CFG SSPP CFG NLM, 29 December NLM, 30 December Min Thet, Burmese government and Kalo Htoo Baw sign peace agreement, Mizzima News, 13 December 2011 online at burmese-government-...

11 RCSS 30 KNU UNFC MDS KIA KIA MDS 31 UNFC FUA MDS MDS 5 MDS NTS CFG CFG 30 SSA: Technicalities of ceasefire still need to be worked out, S.H.A.N./ Independent Mon News Agency, online at 31 Ba Kaung, Stop Offensive President s Ceasefire Order Fails to Stop Offensive, Irawaddy online, 28 December 2011, at 32 UNFC to form Union Army at last, S.H.A.N., online, 3 December 2011 at

12 106 MDS 33 UNODC % 15% 34 MDS 6 MDS ITLOS Chemists displaced by war moving east, S.H.A.N. News, 17 February 2012, online at % 48% UNODC, South-East Opium Survey 2011: Lao PDR, Myanmar, Vienna, UNODC, n.d., p Thein Swe, Myanmar, in Regional Outlook, Southeast Asia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2012), p. 169.

13 MDS IAEA Maung Aye, High-level Myanmar military delegation arrives in Bangladesh for the third time in a year (in Myanmar), Narinjara News, 13 December 2011, at detailsbur.asp?id=3659 1,768 Rohingya repatriated to Burma from Bangladesh in 2011, Kaladan News, 3 January 2012, at rohingya-repatriated-to-burma= Stephen Engelberg, Experts, intelligence agencies question a defector s claims about Burma s nuclear ambitions, knoxnews.com, 14 November 2010, Simon Roughneen, Nuclear Confusion, Irrawaddy, 27 October 2010, online at Ashish Kumar Sen, IAEA seeks permission from Myanmar for nuke inspectors to visit, Washington Times, 14 January 2011, in BurmaNet News, 14 January Saw Yan Naing, Shwe Mann denies nuclear program, Irrawaddy, 7 December 2011, in BurmaNet News, 7 December 2011.

14 MDS MDS CFG MDS MDS NDSC No nuclear trade with N Korea, Agence France Presse, 31 January 2012, in BurmaNet News, 31 January North Korea: Clinton, Global Security Network online newsgroup, 1 December 2011; and Joshua Kurlantzick, North Korea and Kim Jong-il: The Myanmar Element, Council on Foreign Relations, 20 December 2011, in BurmaNet News, 20 December Ibid.

15 109 MDS MDS

16

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