韓国OLG産業の現状
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1 The analysis of formation process on Korean On Line Game Industry wi@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp shintaku@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp John H. Wi (University of Tokyo, Faculty of Economics, Research Associate) Junjiro Shintaku (University of Tokyo, Faculty of Economics, Assistant Professor)
2 PC PC ADSL Abstract The object of this paper is to analyze formation process of Korean On Line Game (OLG) industry. For the analysis, the paper focused on initial conditions of industry and complementary infrastructures that have enhanced the rapid growth of Korean OLG industry since early 1990s. New type of game called OLG, has the characteristic that a lot of users play a game one another at the same time connecting on the internet with a PC or a console hardware. On this OLG industry, Korea became the most advanced country since late 1990s. Three points were especially analyzed as follows. 1) Initial conditions of industry (underdeveloped console game market, existence of potential users and illegal copy) and complementary infrastructures (PC Bang (room), ADSL and payment system by cellular phones) 2) formation process of leading companies and core engineers in OLG industry 3) main companies which have been searching various OLG game genres. In addition, the paper pointed out three problems appeared in Korean OLG industry now, oligopolistic structure, low profitability and management of product development organization. Finally, the paper shows some implications on the internet contents business. 2
3 1. ROM CD-ROM PC PC ADSL PC PS2 X-Box PDA
4 卸価格卸フ ITME Discussion Paper No 委託ソフトメーカー 製造費価フト格ソハードメーカー 問屋トソ価フ格ソト小売小ソフト卸売価直販の場合 ユーザー = ハード ( ゲーム専用機 ) 保有者 1 CD-ROM 2 Online Simulation Game MMORPG Massively Multi-player Online Role Playing Game 2 2 PC Starcraft Command Conquer Warcraft 1 1 4
5 用料用料金利ソフト開数料張 ITME Discussion Paper No ソフトメーカー 卸価ソフ価格ア張発拡フト格問屋ト小売ソフトソア卸価格フト小卸売価フト開ゲームサーバークセスソ利課金 業者 手数料ソユーザー = ハード ( 専用機 PC など ) 保有者 MMORPG ソフトメーカー ISP 発拡クセスソフト開張発拡用料手ゲーム課金サーバー業者利用料金利アクセスアクセスユーザー = ハード ( 専用機 PC など ) 保有者 5
6 2-1 Starcraft MMORPG 2-2 MMORPG MMORPG (Everquest) SONY (Ultima Online) Electronic Arts (Lineage) NC Soft XI ( ) 1 3. ADSL
7 億ウォン ( 予測 ) 2003( 予測 ) 2001, PC XI FF XI PS2 2 7,800 1,280 / 1 8 ( 2002/6/22) 100 7
8 4 億ウォン オンライン ゲームゲームセンター PC ゲームゲーム専用機 ( 予測 ) 2002 p MUD Multi Users Dungeon Jurassic Park 1 Hitel 4 MUD 5 MUD 1996 NEXON MUG Multi Users Graphic MUD 1998 NC Soft south 5 MUD
9 5 5 ADSL PC Starcraft 5 ADSL PC PC 9
10 LG 3DO LG DO Play Station X-box LG 3DO
11 PC PC N=230 % オンライン ゲームゲームセンター 9~14 15~19 20~24 25~29 30~34 35~39 年齢 2002 p
12 PC 1990 PC PC PC PC PC PC PC p.48 12
13 PC 1990 CD-ROM % オンライン ゲーム PC ゲーム ゲームセンター ゲーム専用機 その他資金力人力の問題技術力マーケティング能力法 制度の未整備不法コピー情報不足複雑な流通構造 2002 p PC 13% % PC 2-2 ISP 8 PC
14 b a 8 PC タイトル数 a 2001b a 2001b PC PC PC
15 NEXON ADSL Starcraft PC NCSoft, Lineage PC PC PC PC PC PC 9 PC PC バンの数 PC NEXON 10 9 NC Soft 15
16 9 JC Entertainment Redmoon NC Soft 2000 PC 2000 PC NC Soft PC 55% 9 PC ,500 PC PC PC ,000 5 PC ,400 PC Syberia PC Starcraft PC PC PC PC PC PC IT PC KT PC PC PC ADSL 10 2 PC PC Starcraft Starcraft PC PC ADSL 2 ADSL Syberia PC 16
17 ADSL MUG 10 ADSL ADSL 7 百万人 6 5 ADSL CATV LAN total Mar 2000Jun 2000Sep 2000Dec 2001Mar 2001May year ADSL KT KT KT 100 KT
18 KT ADSL ADSL 12 ADSL 2Mbps % ADSL Pro 8Mbps 3 万 8 千ウォン (30% ) ADSL 13 ADSL ADSL ADSL MDF Main Distribution Frame last one mile 14 ADSL ADSL ISDN ISDN 1993 KT ADSL ISDN 14 18
19 12.5% 15 3 NC Soft 70 JC Entertainment Contents PC 4 Payment Gateway 5 Carrier Password 100 SMSmail (password) 1 user 6 Cellular Phone PG Payment Gateway PG 15 PG Mobilians Info-Hub 19
20 PG SMS % PG PG % Avatar PG PG PG 12 PG PG 20
21 (Say Club) Mobilians
22 PG KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology ) 17 KAIST 1980 KAIST Diku Diku MUD Duki MUD Kid MUD RPG Role Playing Game KAIST MUD Kid MUD MUD 16 Mobilians Mobilians 17 22
23 18 13 KAIST MUD DOOMBAS NEXON I-net NCSoft KAIST NC Soft 20 DOOMVAS Distributed Object Oriented Multimedia Virtual Active System 18 NC Soft NC Soft 23
24 MUD 1991 Kid MUD PC 9600bps MUG 21 DOOMVAS IBM IBM PC MUG 1990 IBM IBM Affiliate Program IBM IBM IBM 1 5 DOOMVAS NEXON NCSoft
25 IBM NEXON IBM PS/ NEXON IBM NEXON IBM NEXON IBM NEXON NEXON NEXON I-Net ISP I-Net 1 I-net 1997 I-net NC Soft 1997 NC Soft NEXON NEXON PC NEXON
26 RPG NCSoft JC Entertainment Han Maritel 4 first mover 1) NC Soft RPG NC Soft ID RPG NC Soft ,225 55% 40% EverQuest 8.5. Ultima Online NC Soft NC Soft B to B B to C BtoB PC 43 ISP 4 BtoC 44 8 B to B PC IP , IBM IBM NEXON 25 NCSoft NEXSON 26 IP 11 IP 1IP 1 65,000 26
27 B to C (26,000 /1 65,000 /3 ) ( ) (20 / ) NCSoft 億ウォン 売上純利益利益率 ( 予測 ) 2003( 予測 ) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% % NC Soft IT IT 12 NC Soft IT NC Soft IT IT NC Soft Game-Plain NC Soft RPG 27
28 NC Soft NC Soft NEXON KIM 2 27 NC Soft NC Soft NC Soft NC Soft 230 NC Soft Tabula Rassa MMORPG 28 2) JC Entertainment JC Entertainment Chun Media CD-ROM PC PC
29 120 JC Entertainment CD-ROM 60 JC Entertainment 1990 JC Entertainment JC Entertainment Warbible MMORPG NCSoft Redmoon Warbible Redmooon Warbible Redmoon JC Entertainment 3 JC Entertainment Warbible Redmoon JoyCity TOTAL ,000 7,500 5,000 17, Mbps( ) Solaris MySQL WindowsNT SQL Server 7.0 Windows2000 SQLServer2000 EU JC Entertainment JoyCity JoyCity Cop
30 G. I. Commerce Game Item Commerce G. I. Commerce JoyCity ,000 1 MMORPG 3 RPG JC Entertainment RPG Warbible Redmoon Joy City Cyber Life Game Joy City 29 RPG RPG JC Entertainment Joy City JC Entertainment Redmoon Warbible 10 Joy City 50% 29 JC Entertainment JC Entertainment 30
31 Joy City RPG 30 3 Han Han SDS Samsung Data Systems Han Hna RPG Han NAVER Han NAVER NAVER NAVER 25 Han 25 Han 50 Han B to B 30 e B to C 70 B to B 1,800 1, ver1 3 ver CEO SDS 30 JC Entertainment JoyCity guild JC Entertainment 31
32 SDS 5 PC PC PC NC Soft RPG Han Han Han Han Han 3 5MB Han Han go stop Han CEO
33 Han 4 Han 4 Han ( 30 ) Han Sun Enterprise ) Maritel Maritel 32 Han 10 Han 33
34 Maritel Archspace Archmage Archmage Archspace Maritel MUD MUD MUD KAIST Kid MUD 5 Kid MUD KAIST MUD Maritel KAIST Maritel 1990 Kid MUD Hitel PC 30 Maritel 1,000 Maritel Maritel MUD 33 Maritel 34
35 1995 Maritel 1997 San Jose Maritel Maritel 1995 PC MUD Maritel MUD Maritel MUD Archmage Archspace Maritel 2000 CPM Cost Per Million CPC Cost Per Click CPM CPC 40 Maritel 35 Maritel 34 Maritel Maritel 35
36 % % % NC Soft NEXON % % ( 予測 ) NCSoft NEXON CCR ACTOZ JC Entertainment
37 3D NC Soft 3D Han MMORPG 36 NCSoft p p
38 NEXON Crazy Arcade 30 NEXON Joymax Joymax Joymax 40 NCSoft JC Entertainment Maritel 38
39 Synch-and-Stabilize Cusumano and Selby, a; 2001b 9. ADSL PC PC 39
40 Cusumano, Michael A. and Richard W. Selby (1995), Microsoft Secret, The Free Press CIRJE J l 6 (2001a) 35(1) b (2001) (2002)
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