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1 . [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] a. b. a b a b a,b a,b a. 1

2 b. a b b a a b a b a b b a a. sentence b. utterance c. discourse d. text a b-d b cd c,d c,d c,d a 2

3 a. the bark b. Fire!!!!! a. He is a good carpenter. b. You re a real race-horse. a of the dog of the tree b fire Fire! a b b race-horse bulldozer computer pig wolf a d a-d... context con- together text a. genre b. register a. 3

4 b. a. cohesion coherence relevance b. a,b a b b b : - a b a b a b a b - a b a a b you b a b a b b.. a. bank: banker, finance, money, deposit, etc. b. bank: river, boat, land, pier, etc. a. He examined the car. The front of the car was slightly damaged. 4

5 b. Taroo went to Hanako s house. Since she was not at home, he went home. a. I lost my watch, but I have the watch with me. b. *I have lost my watch, but I have the watch with me. a. John: Would you drive a Rolls Royce? b. Mary: I wouldn t drive any expensive car. c.mary: *I wouldn t drive any cheap car. bank a b a,b a b she he a,b John Mary a b no c c pitcher, first base, shortstop, hit, fly, etc. a. *Sally may books. b. Let s close the account. After all, John will never order magazines. Oh, but Sally may books. Napoli,D.J. :, Linguistics, OUP a,b bank may b : R. Quirk, et al :, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, Longman ibid, - 5

6 a As a child, one of my sisters was endlessly troubled by bad dreams and she could never be persuaded that they meant nothing. b Boylike, of course, I was very scornful of this. c On one occasion her screams awoke the whole house and so far as I can remember none of us had any more sleep that night. d She sobbed; she was inconsolable; she could not be induced even to tell us what she had been dreaming. e It had obviously been a nightmare. f And a much more worse one than the poor child usually suffered. g By breakfast time, she seemed so ill that my parents decided she should stay home. h Yet this upset her still more. i It was then that she was coaxed into telling us what had frightened her. a b c d e f g h i a - i a she, them b boylike c so far as I can remember on one occasion d She sobbed dreaming e f d e f nightmare g console h i child, sister, boylike, house, home, parents child, boylike dream, sleep, night, nightmare trouble, scream, sob, inconsolable, suffer, ill, upset, fright c on one occasion 6

7 a endlessly never c that night g by breakfast time i then.. a - b b a b module 7

8 . discourse discours : - J. Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, 8

9 S.P.Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, In our time, political speech and writing are largely the defense of the indefensible. Things like the continuance of British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face, and which do not square with the professed aims of political parties. G.Orwell, Politics and the English Language. Horizon April. Reprinted in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell Vol,, Penguin Books. 9

10 10

11 un(e), onze, soixante et onze, quatre-vingt-un -. 11

12 a. b. c. a b 12

鹿大広報149号

鹿大広報149号 No.149 Feb/1999 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Learned From Japanese Life and Experiences in Kagoshima When I first came to Japan I was really surprised by almost everything, the weather,