220 デューイ実験学校 Dewey's Laboratory School における 理科 Science の カリキュラムの特色に関する一考察 8 Laboratory School Work Reports 以下 報告 とする と デューイおよびデュ ーイ実験学校の教師たち

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1 37 Dewey's Laboratory School Science A Study on the Characteristics of the "Science" Curriculum of the Dewey's Laboratory School Focusing on the Activities during Year Hisayoshi Mori Dewey's Laboratory School Science Historydifferentiation L. N. Tanner

2 220 デューイ実験学校 Dewey's Laboratory School における 理科 Science の カリキュラムの特色に関する一考察 8 Laboratory School Work Reports 以下 報告 とする と デューイおよびデュ ーイ実験学校の教師たちが寄稿した 初等学校記録 Elementary School Record 9 が中心となる 1 デューイ実験学校のカリキュラムにおける 分化 differentiation の実際 先に述べたように 筆者は以前にデューイ実験学校の 歴史 部門のカリキュラムの形態を 検討した そこで明らかにしたことは 次のようなことである すなわち デューイ実験学校 の 歴史 History の活動は 生活と関わらせることによって 分化 による他の教科 領 域 との結び付きを実現することが意図されていた そして 実際のカリキュラムは 子ども の成長段階とその特徴を考慮した構成が目指されていた このような 歴史 のカリキュラム は 社会的オキュペーション social occupation といった 歴史 と 理科 を総合した活 動に包含され それから 子どもの成長時期に合わせて徐々にその内容が専門化し分化してい くように工夫されていた その 分化 の過程を図で示したものが図 110 である 料理 織物 裁縫 家庭 近隣 の事象を 中心に扱 う活動 料理 工作 織 物 裁 縫 社会的オキュペー ション 歴史 理科 料理 織物 裁縫 歴史 理科 4 5 歳 歴史 理科 生理学 地理 6歳 化学 物理 工作 子どもの 成長 幼児教 育段階 工作 動植物 7 歳以降 図1 幼児教育段階の 家庭 近隣の事象を中心に扱う活動 は 6 歳段階で 社会的オキュペー ション 活動へと移行する そして 7 歳段階以降は 歴史 部門と 理科 部門に活動領 域が 分化 し それに伴い 子どもの活動内容も 分化 していった 言い換えれば 社 会的オキュペーション 活動は 言わば 歴史 と 理科 を総合した内容を中心とする活動 領域であり 歴史 部門と 理科 部門へと活動領域が 分化 する基盤でもあった そして 成長段階に応じて デューイ実験学校の各部門とその活動内容は 分化 し 専門化していっ たのである 11 以上のことを踏まえて 次節以降では デューイ実験学校の 理科 のカリキュラムを分析 する 2 理科 部門のカリキュラム 1 理科 部門のカリキュラムの実際とその特徴 まず 1898 年度に実施されたカリキュラムを示したものが表 1 である

3 A= K. Andrews H= M. Hill C= K. B. Camp M= A. Moore R= Rogers A Plants and Their Children Jungle Book Russian thistle A H

4 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience rooting

5 roffea moon The Song of Life H account

6 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience A C C

7 Catapillars Eye Spy Zone C M R Hu

8 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience a a b Manna Loa H Power armweight arm

9 K. Andrews plant studyphysiology ecology ZoölogyBotany scientific workexperimental partnature study Outline of Course of Study local locality

10 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience zone metallurgy The University Elementary School: Outline of Course of Study,pp.- K. B. Camp

11 formulation object-study physical environment reinforcement attack technical side generalizationspecialization inquiry

12 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience horizon correlation scientific work definite construction geography incidental what happens specialization midway scientific subjectssecondary education practical differentiation practical consideration natural sequence Camp, Science in Elementary Education,pp.- differentiation

13 geography geography home geographical grow out Physiography // // / /, / // // //, / // Laboratory School Work Reports-

14 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience / /~/ / / / / / /, / / roffearoffea Laboratory School Work Reports- B-F science experimental work

15 B-F B-F B-F

16 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience B-F / / / / /~/

17 / / / / /~/ / /~/ /~/ /~/ / / /~/ /,/ a, b / b /, /~/ /, / /, / / /, / / / / Laboratory School Work Reports-

18 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience B-F bell jarlime water coating B-F

19 The Child and the Curriculum instruction

20 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience Dewey School Dewey SchoolHistory differentiation - developmental curriculumk. C. Mayhew & A. C. Edwards, The Dewey School: The Laboratory School of the University of Chicago -, D. Appleton century company,, p. L. N. Tanner, Dewey's Laboratory School: Lessons for Today, New York: Teachers College Press,. Dewey SchoolReadingWriting Laboratory School Work Reports, -, University of Chicago Archives, Regenstein Library Special Collection.

21 University of ChicagoRegenstein Library Special Collections Box Box: Box: Box: Box Folder J. Dewey & L. L. Runyon, Elementary School Record [a series of nine monographs], University of Chicago Press,. Dewey SchoolHistory occupation Dewey SchoolHistory K. Andrews, Experiments in Plant Phisiology,In Elementary School Record,. Ibid., p.. Ibid. Ibid., p.. J. Dewey, The School and Society (, In The Middle Works of John Dewey: -, Vol., Southern Illinois University Press,, p.. K. B. Camp, Science in Elementary Education,In Elementary School Record,,. Ibid., pp.-. Dewey, The School and Society, In op. cit., p.. Ibid., p.. science work sciences J. Dewey, Lectures in the Philosophy of Education:, Edited & with an introduction by Reginald D. Archambault, Random House,, p. Laboratory School Work Reports, -, B-F. Camp, Science in Elementary Education,In op. cit., p.. Box Folder Dewey SchoolHistory

22 Dewey's Laboratory SchoolScience Laboratory School Work Reports, -, B-F. Camp, Science in Elementary Education,In op. cit., p.. Ibid. chemistry Dewey, Lectures in the Philosophy of Education:, p. Mayhew & Edwards, op. cit., p.. Dewey, The School and Society, In op. cit., p.. Ibid., p.. Ibid., p.. Ibid., p..

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