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2 28, (Internet of Things: IoT),,,. 1, (Network Function Virtualization: NFV). NFV,,,. NFV (Virtual Network Function: VNF),, VNF 1, 1 VNF. NFV,, VNF., NFV, VNF,,., NFV,,. 1,,.,.,,,,.,,.,,., NFV,.,, 1 VNF, VNF.,, 1

3 , VNF.,,, VNF CPU,.,, CPU., (NFV), (VNF), 2

4 NFV VNF VNF

5 1 (NFV) [1] NFV VNF CPU

7 1, (Internet of Things: IoT) [2],,,.,,,.,,,.,,. 1, (Network Function Virtualization: NFV) [3]. 1, NFV, NFV. NFV, [4, 5],,,. NFV VNF (Virtual Network Function). VNF, [6] Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) [7], Evolved Packet Core [8, 9], Optical Network Unit, Optical Line Terminal, [1]., VNF, VNF 1, 1 VNF [11, 12]., NFV,, VNF. 1, NFV, VNF,. NFV, VNF,,., NFV, [13]. 1,,., [1, 14, 15]., 6

8 1: (NFV) 7

9 ,,,,.,,,.,,,,,.,,.,,., NFV,., VNF,,.,,, NFV.,, VNF, VNF,,, VNF.. 2,,, NFV,. 3,,. 4. 8

10 2,,, [1, 14, 15], NFV, ,.,,.,.,,,.,,,.,,.,. 2,.,,,.,,,,., ,.,,. (1), (2). SERV REQ SERV u SERV SERV toserve(serv, REQ) (1) d (2) 9

11 2: [1] 1

12 SERV,,. REQ, toserve(serv, REQ),,.,. (1),,,,. (2), (1),,.,,,., [16], (1). SERV REQ CAT AL MEDIAT E MEDIAT E u M EDIAT E (3) v SERV REQ CAT AL (4) w SERV SERV CAT AL toserve(serv, REQ) (5) CAT AL, MEDIAT E,,,. (3) (4),,. (5),,. 2.2 NFV NFV, VNF,,.,. [1], (1) - (5) SERV, REQ, CAT AL, MEDIAT E, VNF,,, VNF., [1] NFV. 11

13 2.2.1, VNF f 1, f 2, f 3,, c (6). c = {f 1, f 2, f 3,, f end } (6) c, VNF f 1, c (7). c c\{f 1 } = {f 2, f 3,, f end } (7) c VNF f 1 (c). (7), f 1 (c) = f 2., f, c VNF c, VNF, VNF., 1 VNF, VNF., VNF, VNF. (8). V NF f 1 (c) P KT c r us V NF f 1 (c) V NF f 1 (c) P KT c\{f 1 (c)} toserve(v NF f 1 (c), P KT c ) (c\{f 1 (c)} = ) V NF f 1 (c) V NF f 1 (c) toserve(v NF f 1 (c), P KT c ) (c\{f 1 (c)} = ) V NF f 1 (c), c VNF, VNF. P KT c, c. toserve(v NF f 1 (c), P KT c ), c, VNF. (8) 12

14 , NFV VNF, NFV,. V NF f 1 P KT c RSRC t MEDIAT E f,t MEDIAT E f,t r us1 MEDIAT Ef,t (9) r us2 V NFf 1 (c) P KT c RSRC t (1) V NF f 1 (c) V NF f 1 (c) P KT c\{f 1 (c)} RSRC t r us3 toserve(v NF f 1 (c), P KT c ) (c\{f 1 (c)} = ) (11) V NF f 1 (c) V NF f 1 (c) RSRC t toserve(v NF f 1 (c), P KT c ) (c\{f 1 (c)} = ) RSRC t MEDIAT E f,t, t, t VNF f. (9) (1), c NFV t, VNF. (11), VNF f, , NFV. NFV 3. NFV 1, VNF. NFV, VNF, NFV. NFV,, NFV, VNF., NFV, (8) - (11), (8) - (11) V NF, P KT, RSRC, MEDIAT E,. V NF,. P KT NFV, VNF. 13

15 3: NFV 14

16 RSRC CPU,. MEDIAT E VNF CPU,. VNF MEDIAT E CPU., [17],,..,, 1 NFV, P KT.,,., VNF MEDIAT E, VNF CPU., P KT, NFV.,, VNF, VNF CPU.,, VNF., ,., VNF VNF1, VNF2, VNF3,, (12). {V NF 1, V NF 2, V NF 3,, ( IP )} (12) NFV,, 1 VNF NFV. NFV,, 1 VNF. VNF, VNF, VNF NFV,. (12), VNF1, (13). {V NF 2, V NF 3,, ( IP )} (13) 15

17 , Oracle VM VirtualBox [18].,,, NFV,. 3,, 1Gbps., NFV, VNF UDP., NFV VNF. NFV, VNF, VNF,. 1, 3.,., NFV iperf [19] UDP,.,, NFV UDP., NFV VNF,. 5,., NFV., NFV,.,, 5Mbps.,,,. 3.2 VNF, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) VNF VNF,.,,,,., VNF, VNF. 16

18 4: 1: NFV Virtual / Physical Physical Virtual Virtual Virtual Kernel Version generic generic generic generic Operating System Ubuntu16.4 LTS Ubuntu14.4 LTS Ubuntu14.4 LTS Ubuntu14.4 LTS CPU Core Memory Size 8 [GB] 1,24 [MB] 512 [MB] 512 [MB] 17

19 3.3 (9) - (11) V NF, RSRC, 2,, 1,,, r us1 =.1, r us2 =.1, r us3 =.5., [1]., 2. [sec], 15 [bytes]. MEDIAT E VNF CPU, NFV P KT,. CPU cpulimit, VNF CPU, VNF 4 [Mbps] NFV, NFV. 6 VNF CPU,., CPU., RSRC CPU, RSRC.,,, NFV VNF CPU 8.%, RSRC 1,., [1],, P KT 45. 6, CPU 8% 28 [Mbps],, 2. [sec] 23,777., NFV 23,777, P KT , 8. T, [s]., VNF,, VNF.,, VNF CPU,,. 18

20 5 45 no via vnf via vnf 4 receive rate [Mbps] send rate [Mbps] 5: 19

21 4 35 flow 3 receive rate [Mbps] set value of cpulimit [%] 6: VNF CPU 2

22 3.5, , 8, 9, 2 1, 2, 3. 7(a), 8(a), 9(a),, 7(b), 8(b), 9(b).,,., MEDIAT E, VNF CPU, NFV. MEDIAT E, VNF CPU,,.,,., 7(b), 8(b), 9(b), MEDIAT E, CPU VNF ,.,,,, VNF CPU.,,, NFV VNF , 2. 12, 13, 14, 6, 7, 8., NFV, VNF, CPU, VNF,., 2,, VNF CPU,. 21

23 2: [s] ( 1) [Mbps] ( 2) [Mbps] 1 1 1, , , , 1 (T 1, ) 2 (T > 1, ) 5 1 2, 2 (T 1, ) 1 (T > 1, ) 6 2 1, , (T 1, ) 2 (T 1, ) 8 2 2, 2 (T > 1, ) 4 (T > 1, ) 22

24 3 25 Send rate Receive rate bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 2 VNF f PKTc toserve(vnff, PKT c ) RSRC MEDIATE f initial concentration of RSRC 15 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 7: 1 23

25 3 25 Send rate Receive rate bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 35 3 VNF f PKTc toserve(vnff, PKT c ) RSRC MEDIATE f initial concentration of RSRC 25 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 8: 2 24

26 35 3 Send rate Receive rate 25 bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 5 45 VNF f PKTc toserve(vnff, PKT c ) RSRC MEDIATE f initial concentration of RSRC concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 9: 3 25

27 3 25 Send rate Receive rate bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 35 3 VNF f PKTc toserve(vnff, PKT c ) RSRC MEDIATE f initial concentration of RSRC 25 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 1: 4 26

28 3 25 Send rate Receive rate bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 35 3 VNF f PKTc toserve(vnff, PKT c ) RSRC MEDIATE f initial concentration of RSRC 25 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 11: 5 27

29 3 25 Send rate (flow1) Send rate (flow2) Receive rate (flow1) Receive rate (flow2) bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), 2 15 VNF f VNFf1 PKTc PKTc1 toserve(vnff, PKT c ) toserve(vnf f1, PKT c1 ) RSRC MEDIATE f MEDIATEf1 initial concentration of RSRC concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 12: 6 28

30 3 25 Send rate (flow1) Send rate (flow2) Receive rate (flow1) Receive rate (flow2) bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), VNF f VNFf1 PKTc PKTc1 toserve(vnff, PKT c ) toserve(vnf f1, PKT c1 ) RSRC MEDIATE f MEDIATEf1 initial concentration of RSRC 25 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 13: 7 29

31 3 25 Send rate (flow1) Send rate (flow2) Receive rate (flow1) Receive rate (flow2) bitrate [Mbps] Elapsed time [s] (a), VNF f VNFf1 PKTc PKTc1 toserve(vnff, PKT c ) toserve(vnf f1, PKT c1 ) RSRC MEDIATE f MEDIATEf1 initial concentration of RSRC 25 concentration Elapsed time [s] (b) 14: 8 3

32 4,, NFV,.,,, NFV., 1 VNF, VNF.,,, VNF.,,, VNF CPU,.,, CPU., [1], VNF,., OpenStack [2] Open Platform for NFV [21] NFV, NFV,. 31

33 ,,,.,,..,,..,,,.,,...,..,,,.,,..,,,,,,,..,,,.. 32

34 [1],,,,, vol. 115, no. 57, pp. 25 3, [2] A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash, Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp , Fourthquarter 215. [3] ESTI, Network Functions Virtualisation - White Paper1. available at portal.etsi.org/nfv/nfv_white_paper.pdf. [4] J. Carapinha and J. Jiménez, Network Virtualization: A View from the Bottom, in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Virtualized Infrastructure Systems and Architectures, VISA 9, (New York, NY, USA), pp. 73 8, ACM, Aug. 29. [5] R. Mijumbi, J. Serrat, J. L. Gorricho, N. Bouten, F. D. Turck, and R. Boutaba, Network Function Virtualization: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 1, pp , Firstquarter 216. [6] K. Ingham and S. Forrest, A History and Survey of Network Firewalls, University of New Mexico, Tech. Rep, Jan. 22. [7] M. Finsterbusch, C. Richter, E. Rocha, J. A. Muller, and K. Hanssgen, A Survey of Payload-Based Traffic Classification Approaches, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 2, pp , Secondquarter 214. [8] A. Gonzalez, P. Gronsund, K. Mahmood, B. Helvik, P. Heegaard, and G. Nencioni, Service Availability in the NFV Virtualized Evolved Packet Core, in 215 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1 6, Dec [9] H. Ko, G. Lee, I. Jang, and S. Pack, Optimal Middlebox Function Placement in Virtualized Evolved Packet Core Systems, in th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), pp , Aug [1] ESTI, Network functions virtualisation - white paper2. available at portal.etsi.org/nfv/nfv_white_paper2.pdf. 33

35 [11] J. G. Herrera and J. F. Botero, Resource allocation in nfv: A comprehensive survey, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 13, no. 3, pp , Sept [12] X. Li and C. Qian, A Survey of Network Function Placement, in th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), pp , Jan [13] I. Foster, C. Kesselman, C. Lee, B. Lindell, K. Nahrstedt, and A. Roy, A Distributed Resource Management Architecture that Supports Advance Reservations and Co-allocation, in Quality of Service, IWQoS Seventh International Workshop on, pp , June [14] G. Hasegawa and M. Murata, Biochemically-inspired Method for Constructing Service Space in Virtualized Network System, in Proceedings of ICIN 216, Mar [15] M. Viroli, M. Casadei, S. Montagna, and F. Zambonelli, Spatial Coordination of Pervasive Services Through Chemical-Inspired Tuple Spaces, ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1 24, June 211. [16] W. Cleland, The Kinetics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions with Two or More Substrates or Products, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Specialized Section on Enzymological Subjects, vol. 67, pp , May [17] H. Li, Y. Cao, L. R. Petzold, and D. T. Gillespie, Algorithms and Software for Stochastic Simulation of Biochemical Reacting Systems, Feb. 27. [18] Oracle VM VirtualBox. available at [19] iperf - The TCP, UDP and SCTP network bandwidth measurement tool. available at [2] OpenStack Open Source Cloud Computing Software. available at openstack.org/. [21] OPNFV. available at 34

27 (Internet of Things: IoT 1 (Network Function Virtualization: NFV NFV (Virtual Network Function: VNF VNF 1 NFV VNF VNF NFV VNF VNF NFV 1

2016 2 16 27 (Internet of Things: IoT 1 (Network Function Virtualization: NFV NFV (Virtual Network Function: VNF VNF 1 NFV VNF VNF NFV VNF VNF NFV 1 NFV VNF VNF NFV VNF VNF NFV VNF VNF 77% (NFV 2 1 7 2