S II. AWK. awk awk awk, perl, $ ruby awk awk perl ruby / / perl } WWW CGI awk /9/{print $} <awk.dat awk 9 awk awk awk.dat. awk {print $} <awk.dat xema

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1 S II. login UNIX OS Linux GUI cd ~ mkdir APL login BEGIN END f program-file [-v] var=value gnuplot Fit splot Tgif 7 4. Gnuplot L A TEX 8 A Xemacs 9 A pwd A.. /home/kprf//apl A A profile X Window System.Xdefaults cp cp /home/kprf//.profile ~/ cp /home/kprf//.xdefaults ~/ AWK ls ls -lrt.profile.xdefaults -rw-r--r-- users....profile -rw-r--r-- users....xdefaults. login ~ APL cd ~/APL APL APL pwd

2 S II. AWK. awk awk awk, perl, $ ruby awk awk perl ruby / / perl } WWW CGI awk /9/{print $} <awk.dat awk 9 awk awk awk.dat. awk {print $} <awk.dat xemacs awk.dat awk #student math phys chem eng 87ks ks ks ks less cat less awk.dat cat awk.dat $ less $, $,... $i less awk.dat -5 q f b awk {print $,$+$3+$4+$5} <awk.dat h help < awk.dat.3 awk awk {print $,$+$3+$4+$5} <awk.dat #student 87ks ks 3 89ks 5 9ks3 3 less

3 S II.4 BEGIN END awk!/#/{print $,$+$3+$4+$5} <awk.dat 87ks ks 3 89ks 5 9ks3 3 # 3 awk.dat Xgraph awk {print $,$3,$} <awk.dat xgraph -nl -P -bb -bg white <awk.dat #student phys math 87ks y = x ks ks 7 7 xgraph 9ks lnx -lny awk.dat xgraph --help [ a b ] = [ x x x ] [ y xy ].4 BEGIN END BEGIN END awk BEGIN{i=}!/#/{t+=$;i++} END{print " ="t/i} <awk.dat BEGIN y = 3x + 4 (x, y) awk BEGIN{i=; while(i <= ) {print i,3*i+4+(rand()-.5);i++}} >awk.dat rand() [, ] sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), atan(y,x), exp(x), log(x), sqrt(x), srand(x) while( ){ } if( ){ } for ( ; ; ){ } C 3 y = a + bx a, b awk awk.dat a = 3, b = 4 3

4 S II.6 [-v] var=value.5 -f program-file echo awk -f arg.awk var, var echo awk -f arg.awk var= var=. echo awk -f arg.awk var= awk echo awk -f arg.awk var=. 3 var* q3.awk : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: { 4: x +=$; 5: y +=$; 6: xx +=($*$); 7: xy +=($*$); 8: } 9: END { : print "y = a + b*x fit "; : print " a = "(xx*y-x*xy)/(nr*xx-x*x); : print " b = "(-x*y+nr*xy)/(nr*xx-x*x); 3: } q3.awk 3 gaussdat.awk NR : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: function addrand(x,e){ 4: return x*((.-e/.)+e*rand()); awk -f q3.awk <awk.dat 5: } 6: 7: function gaussian(x,m,d){ a 4, b 3? 8: return exp(-(x-m)*(x-m)/(.*d*d))\ 5 4 y = ax b a, b awk : Y = log y, X = log x : BEGIN{ arg.awk : BEGIN{ : print "BEGIN: ", var, var 3: } 4: { print NR,var,var} 5: END{ 6: print "END: ", var, var 7: } BEGIN -v echo awk -f arg.awk -v var= -v var=. BEGIN [ ] y = f(x) = exp (x x ) πσ σ awk [ ] x, y ± εr R [. ] 9: /(d*sqrt(.*pi)); : } 3: srand(); 4: PI = 3.459; 5: # mx =.5; 6: # s =.;.6 [-v] var=value 7: while ( x <.) { 8: print addrand(x,.3), awk 9: addrand(gaussian(x,mx,s),.5) : x +=.; arg.awk : } : } function ( ){ } return awk -f gaussdat.awk -v mx=. -v s=. xgraph -nl -P -bb -t Gauss Distrib. var, var 4

5 S II.6 [-v] var=value 7 awk3.dat [ ] awk -f gaussdat.awk -v mx=. -v s=. >awk3.dat y = f(x) = exp (x x ) πσ σ ] + [ πσ exp (x x /) σ awk gaussdat.awk 6 3 x = (R + R + R + R + R + R)/6., R x.5 + Rε 5

6 S II 3. 3 gnuplot fit a k x k Legendre Chebyshev Gnuplot fit Gnuplot Marquardt-Levenberg 3. 4 Gnuplot plot plot range [min:max] default gnuplot> set grid [:] xrange gnuplot> set xlabel " [mm]" gnuplot> plot (sin(x)/x)** lw 8 set grid set xlabel " " x [:] 3.. set autoscale x default [-:] awk3.dat 5 ( ) sin(x) plot x Gnuplot 3.. kterm gnuplot gnuplot> f(x)=(sin(x)/x)** gnuplot> plot f(x) 4 gnuplot f(x) gnuplot> [ ] f(x) = exp (x x ) πσ σ [ ] gnuplot> f(x)= \ exp(-(x-mx)**/(*s**))/(s*sqrt(*pi)) mx= x s= σ gnuplot> plot [:][:] mx=., s=., f(x) 6

$dat with linespoints pointsize 3 set term postscript portrait set output 6 plot [:] awk3.dat w lp lw pt 3 ps 3 gs gs smooth GUI ghostview gv gnuplot> plot awk3.dat smooth bezier, \ awk3.$

7 S II 3. gnuplot> plot awk3.dat postscript postscript gnuplot points Xgraph Gnuplot set output filename gnuplot> plot awk3.dat with linespoints pointsize 3 set term postscript portrait set output 6 plot [:] awk3.dat w lp lw pt 3 ps 3 gs gs smooth GUI ghostview gv gnuplot> plot awk3.dat smooth bezier, \ awk3.dat w p pt 3 ps 3 gnuplot>!gv sinxx.ps 7 Gnuplot with w linespoints lp pointsize ps smooth bezier? 9 smooth postscript sinxx.ps ex.ps.ps plot... replot postscript sinxx.ps gnuplot>!ls sinxx.ps sinxx.ps! Gnuplot! gnuplot shell ls 3. Gnuplot set terminal gnuplot> set terminal Available terminal types: 7 Ghostview gv sinxx.ps 7

8 S II 3.3 Fit Print All 4 gaussfit.gp Dialog Print : f(x)=exp(-(x-xm)**/(*s**))/(sqrt(*pi)*s) : xm =. 3: s =.5 4: plot "awk3.dat" 3.3 Fit 5: fit f(x) "awk3.dat" via xm,s 6: plot [:] f(x) lw, "awk3.dat" lt ps 3 Gnuplot fit 7: pause - awk.dat y(x) = ax + b () Gnuplot x, y () gnuplot gaussfit.gp awk.dat a, b gnuplot gnuplot> f(x)=a*x+b 8 gnuplot> a=; b= gnuplot> fit f(x) "awk.dat" via a,b fit After 4 iterations the fit converged. final sum of squares residuals : rel. change during last iteration : -8.56e- Final set of parameters 68.3% confidence interval ======================= ========================= a =.995 +/-.788 (.3674%) b = /-.93 ( %) 8 fit correlation matrix of the fit parameters: a b a b , b = awk.dat a = 3, b = 4 3 awk3.dat [ ] f(x) = exp (x x ) πσ σ () σ, x fit [ ] gaussfit.gp awk4.dat f(x) = a a = e (x x) σ + a e (x x) σ 9 fit 8

9 S II 3.3 Fit fit y i y(x i ) 6 powfit.gp : set key left w(x) : set size square 3: set grid 4: f(x,a,b) = a*x**b 5: g(x,c,d) = c + d*x 6: a=. N 7: b=. w(x i ){y i y(x i )} 8: set logscale xy 9: fit f(x,a,b) "pow.dat" via a, b i : c=log(a) : d=b w(x) : fit g(x,c,d) "pow.dat" via c, d 3: plot "pow.dat" ps, \ 4: f(x,a,b) lw, f(x,exp(c),d) lw 5: pause - 6: set nologscale w(x) y(x) = ax b 7: replot 8: pause - a, b gnuplot powfit.gp pow.dat ax b fit pow.dat x (measure) = x (true) ± εr Y = A + bx, X = log x, Y = log y fit ε R [ : ] awk 5 powdat.awk : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: function addrand(x,e){ 4: return x +.*e-e*rand(); 5: } 6: 7: BEGIN{ 8: srand(); 9: x =.; : a = ; : b =.5; : while ( x < ) { 3: y = addrand(a*exp(b*log(x)),); 4: print x, y > f 5: print log(x),log(y) > f 6: x +=.; 7: } 8: }. "pow.dat" f(x) fg(x) awk x y.. x y = e y log(x) pow.dat, pow.dat ax b log a + b log x fit awk -f powdat.awk -v f="pow.dat" -v f="pow.dat" w(x) = x 9

10 S II 3.3 Fit Fourier T f(t + T ) = f(t) (3) Fourier 7: g(x)=b*sin(x)+b*sin(.*x)+b3*sin(3.*x) \ 8: +b4*sin(4.*x)+b5*sin(5.*x)+b6*sin(6.*x) 9: plot [:*pi] f(x),"fourier.dat" pt 6 ps. T : pause - Fourier : b=; b=; b3=; b4=; b5=; b6= : fit g(x) "fourier.dat" via b,b,b3,b4,b5,b6 3: plot [:*pi] f(x),\ 4: "fourier.dat" pt 6 ps., g(x) 5: pause - 6: set term postscript portrait color Fourier 7: set size.,.7 First Fourier 8: set output "fourier.ps" fit 9: replot : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: function addrand(x,e){ 4: return x*((.-e/.)+e*rand()); 5: } 6: 7: BEGIN{ 8: a=.; a3=.5; a5=.5; a6=.5 9: srand(); : PI = 3.459; : for (i=; i<56; i++) { : x =.*PI*i/56 3: print x, 4: addrand( a*sin(x) + a*sin(*x)\ 5: + a3*sin(3*x) + a4*sin(4*x)\ 6: + a5*sin(5*x) + a6*sin(6*x),.) 7: } 8: } awk -f fourier.awk -v a=-.3 -v a4=.5 >fourier.dat 6 fit gnuplot fourier.gp ω = π T ω n = nπ T 8 fourier.gp : set title "98ks999" : set grid f(t) = c + a n sin ω n t + b n cos ω n t (4) 3: a=; a=$; a3=.5; n= n= 4: a4=$; a5=.5; a6=.5; 5: f(x)=a*sin(x)+a*sin(.*x)+a3*sin(3.*x) \ c a n, b n 6: +a4*sin(4.*x)+a5*sin(5.*x)+a6*sin(6.*x),3 $,$ 4 π awk (call) gnuplot fit 6 sin gnuplot [ ] π awk call $=-.3 $=.5 7 fourier.awk gnuplot> call "fourier.gp" ks999 f(x) "fourier.dat" g(x) a,a4 fourier.dat fourier

11 S II 3.3 Fit : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: function addrand(x,e){ 4: return x + e*(.5-rand()); 5: } 6: 7: BEGIN{ 8: srand(); 9: PI = 3.459; : for (i=; i<56; i++) { : x =.*PI*i/56 : print x, addrand(pi-x,.) 3: } 4: } gnuplot f(t) = π t fourier spenana.dat update fit Fourier speana.par = b = # FIXED b = b = gnuplot fit... 5 π b = b = #FIXED ( i ) π t (ii) π ( < t < π) π (π < t < π) [ ] awk gnuplot speana.gp speana.dat awk -f speana.awk > speana.dat fit fourier gnuplot kterm 9 speana.awk "speana.dat" g(x) speana.gp.5 "speana.dat" using 3 : g(x)=b*sin(x)+b*sin(*x)+b3*sin(3*x) \ : +b4*sin(4*x)+b5*sin(5*x)+b6*sin(6*x) \ 3: +b7*sin(7*x)+b8*sin(8*x)+b9*sin(9*x) \ 4: +b*sin(*x)+b*sin(*x)+b*sin(*x) 5: fit g(x) "speana.dat" via "speana.par" 6: plot [:*pi] "speana.dat" pt 6 ps., g(x) 7: pause - 8: update "speana.par" "speana.dat" 9: set grid : set xzeroaxis lt - : plot [:4] "speana.dat" using 3 w impulses lw 6 : pause f(t) = π t update fit

12 S II 3.3 Fit fit 6 π awk fit Fourier Fourier a n = T sin nπt [ ] f(t) dt 56 T T b n = T cos nπt (5) f(t) dt T T speana.awk : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : f(t) 3: BEGIN{ 4: PI = 3.459; 5: N = 56; 6: dt = *PI/N 7: } 8: { 9: for (i=; i < 3; i++){ : sx[i] += sin(i*dt*nr)*$; : } t i t i t : } 3: END{ 4: for (i=; i < 3; i++){ 5: printf "a%d = %f \n",i, *sx[i]/n; 6: } 4 7: } = f(t) = π t awk -f speana.awk < speana.dat T N a =.6654 (t i, f i ) 4 a = a3 =.6659 a n = N sin nπt i T T f a4 = i t i a5 =.3997 i= (6) a6 = b n = N cos nπt i T T f a7 =.75 i t i a8 =.574 i= a9 =.67 a =.44 N (6) a =.76 [ ] t i = T/N t i = T/N i a n = N b n = N N i= N i= sin nπi N f i cos nπi N f i (7) a =.5839 a n = n

13 S II 3.3 Fit S/N column σ N using σ N 7 gnuplot N awk gnuplot gnuplot average.gp S/N / 5 S/N SNR AVG [ ] N awk average.awk : #!/usr/bin/awk -f : 3: function sinrand(x,a){ 4: return a*sin(3.*x) +.-*rand(); 5: } 6: 7: BEGIN{ 8: srand(); 9: PI = 3.459; : IMAX = 56; : # AVG = ; : # SNR =. 3: for (i=; i<imax; i++) { 4: x =.*PI*i/IMAX 5: printf "%f, %f, ",x,sinrand(x,snr) 6: sum =. 7: for (j=; j<avg; j++) { 8: sum += sinrand(x,snr) 9: } : printf "%f\n", sum/avg : } : } S/N aver- -.5 age.dat - awk -f average.awk -v SNR=. -v AVG= > average.dat -.5 awk 6 S/N S/N=. 4 x f(x) f(x) N gnuplot 3 average.gp : set title "98ks***, S/N=*, Average=****" : set xrange [:*pi] 3: plot "average.dat" using : t "Raw", \ 4: "average.dat" using :3 t "Averaged" w lp 5: pause - 6: set size,.5 7: set term postscript portrait color 8: set out "average.ps" 9: replot Raw Averaged S/N S/N=..5.5 Raw Averaged

14 S II 3.4 splot 3.4 splot X-axis 5 exp(-r(x-,y))*r(x-,y)** nosurface ticslevel level xy z default.5 zrange /3 7 sin(u)*cos(v), sin(u)*sin(v), cos(u) 7 splot 3 splot z =.6 f(x, y) gnuplot kterm. gnuplot> r(x,y) = sqrt(x**+y**) gnuplot> splot exp(-r(x-,y))*r(x-,y)** -. gnuplot> set isosamples 4, gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set view 45,,, gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set hidden3d gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set xlabel X-axis 8 splot gnuplot> replot gnuplot set contour gnuplot> replot z = f(x, y) gnuplot> set nosurface x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v) gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set view,,, gnuplot> replot x = r sin θ cos φ, y = r sin θ sin φ, z = r cos θ gnuplot> set view 6,3,, gnuplot> set surface gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set ticslevel gnuplot> replot gnuplot -geometry 5x5... gnuplot> set parametric gnuplot> set isosamples, gnuplot> set ticslevel set [ ] gnuplot> set urange [-pi:pi] gnuplot> set vrange [-pi:pi] 3g3g gnuplot> splot sin(u)*cos(v),sin(u)*sin(v),cos(u) isosamples iso-,iso- x, y X default view rot-x,rot-z,scale,scale-z -geometry 5x5 (no)hidden3d (no)contour surface Moebius.8.4 4

15 S II 3.4 splot u, v m ( x(u, v) = v sin u ) sin u ( y(u, v) = v sin u ) n cos u z(u, v) = v cos u x, y, z x, y, kz π < u < π, 4 < v < 4 x m, y m, z m x, y, z x, y, z x m, y m, z m x n, y n, z n 9 x n, y n, z n 3 parametric shell x(u, v) = u ( + ) cos v cos u y(u, v) = u sin v z(u, v) = u ( + ) cos v sin u < u < π, < v < π "glass.dat" x nm, y nm, z nm gnuplot 4 mkglass.gp : set ticslevel : set samples 3: set isosamples, 4: set size.7, 5: set hidden3d 6: f(x)=(x<.)?-3*x+.4:(x<.5)?.:sqrt(x-.5)+. 7: set parametric 8: set urange [:] 9: set vrange [:*pi] : set term table : set out "glass.dat" : splot f(u)*cos(v), f(u)*sin(v), u splot gnuplot mkglass.gp glass.dat gnuplot> set ticslevel gnuplot> set hidden3d gnuplot> splot glass.dat gnuplot> splot glass.dat with lines gnuplot> replot 4 klein.dat m n 5

16 S II "klein.dat" awk gnuplot [ ] yz x 5 \n 5 wavelet.awk : m=.8-j*.; x(u,v), y(u,v), z(u) : #!/usr/bin/awk : 3: function gauss(x,m,s){ 4: return exp(-(x-m)*(x-m)/(.*s*s)); 5: } 6: 7: BEGIN{ 8: s=.3; s=.5; 9: for(j=;j<;j++){ : m=-+j*.; : for(i=;i<;i++){ 3: x=-+i*.; 4: printf "%d\t%f\t%f\n",j,x,\ 5: gauss(x,m,s)+.7*gauss(x,m,s); 6: } 7: printf "\n\n"; 8: } 9: } Gnuplot 3 6 wavelet.gp : set nokey : set ticslevel 3: set view,7, 4: splot "wavelet.dat" w l 5: pause - 6: set out "wavelet.eps" 7: set term postscript eps color 8: replot X 6.5 splot (x,y,z) 3 8 Gauss

17 S II plot 4 Tgif index Tgif 7 onefile.gp : set nokey : plot "wavelet.dat" index using :($3+) w l, \ 3: "wavelet.dat" index using :($3+) w l, \ 4: "wavelet.dat" index 3 using :($3+3) w l, \ 5: "wavelet.dat" index 4 using :($3+4) w l, \ 6: "wavelet.dat" index 5 using :($3+5) w l, \ 7: "wavelet.dat" index 6 using :($3+6) w l, \ 8: "wavelet.dat" index 7 using :($3+7) w l 9: pause - : set term postscript eps color : set out "onefile.eps" : replot

18 S II 4. Gnuplot 5 L A TEX Gnuplot L A TEX Tgif Gnuplot fitting Tgif 8 gaussfit3.gp : f(x) = a*exp(-(x-x)**/(*s**)) \ : + a*exp(-(x-x)**/(*s**)) 3: a =. 4: x =. 5: s =. 6: a =. 7: x =.5 8: s =. 9: plot "awk4.dat" : fit f(x) "awk4.dat" via a,x,s,a,x,s : plot f(x) lw, "awk4.dat" lt pt 6 ps 3 : pause - 3: set term tgif 4: set output "gaussfit3.obj" 5: replot Tgif.9 Ctrl f(x) c t p AlO(3p) Al(3p) Tgif YaTeX emacs L A TEX Linux font font font example.tex L A TEX YaTeX Ctrl c t j jlatex example.dvi Xdvi PS Ghostview shell ~/.emacs \title{...},\author{...} \maketitle{} jlatex \date{...} \date{} \begin{table}...\end{table} \begin{figures}...\end{figures} \caption{...} 7 Gnuplot Tgif eps expample width=<scale>\textwidth 8

$tex : \documentclass[a4j]{jarticle} : \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color} 3: 4: \textwidth 5mm Xemacs 5: \textheight 4mm 6: \def\ { 7: } 8: \renewcommand{\thepage}{-- \arabic{page} --} 9:$

19 S II 9 example.tex : \documentclass[a4j]{jarticle} : \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color} 3: 4: \textwidth 5mm Xemacs 5: \textheight 4mm 6: \def\ { 7: } 8: \renewcommand{\thepage}{-- \arabic{page} --} 9: \title{\latex } : \author{ks5 } : A. : %%% \date{} 3: 4: \begin{document} 5: \maketitle{} 6: \section{ } 7: \ {}\ {}\ {}\ 8: xemacs & 9: \subsection{ } : : \begin{table}[htbp] kterm(xterm) : \caption{ } 3: \medskip kp3:~/$ 4: \centering 5: \begin{tabular}{ r c l p{3cm} }\hline 6: & [K] & [$\Omega$] & \\ 7: \hline\hline Xemacs 8: & 8 &. & \\ \cline{-4} awk gnuplot 9: & 5 &. & \\ \cline{-4} 3: \multicolumn{4}{l}{...} \\ 3: 3 & 3 &. & \\ Xemacs 3: \hline 33: \end{tabular} 34: \end{table} 35: 36: \subsection{ } Xemacs 37: eps 38: \begin{figure}[htbp] 39: \centering 4: \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{gaussfit3.eps} 4: \caption{ } 4: \end{figure} 43: \end{document} A Xemacs & Xemacs 8 Xemacs 9

20 S II A.3 A.. kterm(xterm) xemacs & 8 Xemacs Open Find file: 9 Xemacs A. 3 Save A.3 4 print file (Print Buffer)

GNUPLOT GNUPLOT GNUPLOT 1 ( ) GNUPLO

GNUPLOT GNUPLOT GNUPLOT 1 ( ) GNUPLO GNUPLOT 2004 10 6 UNIX Microsoft-Windows GNUPLOT 3.7 GNUPLOT 1 GNUPLOT 2 2 2 3 4 4 7 5 9 6 10 7 12 8 13 9 14 10 17 1 GNUPLOT............................... 3 2 MS-Windows GNUPLOT.................... 3