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1 gnuplot , ,2 9, 6 8, PDF gnuplot gnuplot gnuplot ( UNIX Win32, WINDOWS 3., MS-DOS, MacOS OS ) 2 gnuplot gnuplot> quit exit Interlocking Tori cos(u)+.5*cos(u)*cos(v), sin(u)+.5*sin(u)*cos(v),.5*sin(v) +cos(u)+.5*cos(u)*cos(v),.5*sin(v), sin(u)+.5*sin(u)*cos(v).5.5

2 Script started on Sun May 26 2::26 22 oyabun% gnuplot G N U P L O T Unix version 3.7 patchlevel ( //8) last modified Fri Oct 22 8:: BST 999 Copyright(C) , 998, 999 Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley and many others Type help to access the on-line reference manual The gnuplot FAQ is available from < Send comments and requests for help to <info-gnuplot@dartmouth.edu> Send bugs, suggestions and mods to <bug-gnuplot@dartmouth.edu> Terminal type set to x gnuplot> load "surface2.dem" Hit return to continue () Hit return to continue (2) ( ) Hit return to continue (8) Hit return to continue (9) gnuplot> quit oyabun% gnuplot \ 2 # help help " " plot "bessel.data" load "bessel.g" replot ( ) 2 JIS \ Y= 2

3 set reset 3 ( Mac Mathematica ) 3. plot x 3 gnuplot> plot sin(x) gnuplot> plot sin(x),cos(x) (x ) gnuplot> plot [-pi:pi] sin(x),cos(x) gnuplot> set xrange [-pi:pi] (unset xrange ) pi : pi gnuplot> print pi print gnuplot> f(x)=x**3-3*x**2+4*x-5 gnuplot> plot f(x) gnuplot> f(x)=exp(-x*x/2)/sqrt(2*pi) gnuplot> plot [-3:3] f(x) (y ) gnuplot> plot [-pi/2:pi/2] [-:] tan(x) gnuplot> plot [] [-:] tan(x) f(x) = x 3 3x 2 + 4x 5 x, y y 3 gnuplot help functions UNIX 3

4 .4 f(x) : -2-2 (±3σ 3 ) C? gnuplot> f(x)=(abs(x)<)? (x**2-)**4: x < (x 2 ) 4, gnuplot> plot [-2:2] [-.:.] f(x) ( ) gnuplot> plot sin(*x) gnuplot> set samples gnuplot> plot sin(*x) splot x y 2 set hidden3d set contour 4 gnuplot> splot x**2-y**2 gnuplot> set hidden3d gnuplot> set contour gnuplot> set isosamples 4,4 gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set nohidden3d gnuplot> set nocontour 4 4. ( ) [, π/2] 9 sin, cos table.data ( 9 ) 4 splot help splot 4

5 x**2-y**2 x**2-y** : z = x 2 y 2 ( vs ) table.data # sin cos (# ) ( ) gnuplot> plot "table.data" sin with lines with linespoints 5 with boxes gnuplot> plot "table.data" with lines, 3 using :3 cos gnuplot> plot "table.data" using :3 with lines, gnuplot> plot "table.data" using :2 with lines,\ \ "table.data" using :3 with lines ( : 5 pointtype 5

6 5 ) "table.data" : plot "table.data" "table.data" : plot "table.data" with lines 4.2 y x gnuplot set logscale xy set nologscale error.tbl gnuplot> plot "error.tbl" with lines gnuplot> set logscale xy gnuplot> plot "error.tbl" with lines gnuplot> set nologscale ( set logscale ) 4. ( ) set logscale x, set logscale y 4.2 ( ) using :2 ( ) 6

7 "table.data" using : : plot "table.data" using :3 with lines "table.data" using :2 "table.data" using : : plot "table.data" using :2 with lines, "table.data" using :3 with lines.8 "error.tbl" "error.tbl" : 7

8 using ($):(abs($2)) (26/5/2 ) ( ). set format y "^{%L}" set format x "^{%L}" 4.3 : Poisson ( : ) Ω := {(x, y) R 2 ; x 2 + y 2 < } Poisson u(x, y) = f(x, y) in Ω, u(x, y) = on Γ := Ω FreeFEM++ 6 ( f(x, y) = xy ) 6 8

9 FreeFEM++ poisson-disk.edp // ( ), border Gamma(t=,2*pi) { x=cos(t); y=sin(t); } // ( 5 ) mesh Th = buildmesh(gamma(5)); plot(th,ps="mesh.eps"); plot(th,wait=); // P ( ) fespace Vh(Th,P); Vh u,v; // Poisson - u=f func f = x*y; // real start = clock(); // solve Poisson(u,v) = int2d(th)(dx(u)*dx(v)+dy(u)*dy(v))-int2d(th)(f*v) +on(gamma,u=); // plot(u,ps="poisson-disk.eps"); plot(u); // { ofstream ug("u-g.txt"); for (int i=; i<th.nt; i++) { for (int j=; j<3; j++) { ug << Th[i][j].x << " " << Th[i][j].y << " " << u[][vh(i,j)]<<endl; } ug << Th[i][].x << " " << Th[i][].y << " " << u[][vh(i,)]<<"\n\n\n"; } } // cout << " CPU time= " << clock() - start << endl; FreeFEM++ ( ) gnuplot u-g.txt (3 ) 9

10 8: Poisson (FreeFEM++ ) e e ( ) e e e e-33 gnuplot ( 9) poisson-disk.g set hidden3d set palette rgbformulae 33,3, splot "u-g.txt" with lines palette

11 "u-g.txt" : Poisson (gnuplot ) draw.g # draw.g -- gnuplot set term postscript eps color set output "sincos.eps" plot "table.data" using :2 with lines,\ "table.data" using :3 with lines set term x replot draw.g load oyabun% gnuplot gnuplot> load "draw.g" gnuplot draw2.g oyabun% gnuplot draw2.g gnuplot draw2.g pause

12 draw2.g # draw2.g --- gnuplot set term postscript eps color set output "sincos.eps" plot "table.data" using :2 with lines,\ "table.data" using :3 with lines set term x replot # pause - "hit Enter key" pause - "hit Enter key" hit Enter key Enter pause - "hit Enter key" oyabun% gnuplot draw2.g - draw2.g - gnuplot> 6 6., L A TEX gnuplot ( ) terminal (term, ), output ( 7 ) gnuplot UNIX term x, output STDOUT Windows term win Mac term aqua ( qt ) UNIX PostScript ( tgif, eepic ) UNIX PostScript gnuplot> plot besj(x),besj(x) gnuplot> show term terminal type is x gnuplot> show output output is sent to STDOUT gnuplot> set term postscript eps color gnuplot> set output "bessel.eps" gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set term x gnuplot> set output Bessel terminal ( ) ( ) terminal term output STDOUT ( unset outp bessel.eps EPS lp 7 UNIX lp -dlp2 2

13 8 L A TEX \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}%... \includegraphics[width=cm]{bessel.eps}% bessel.eps cm Windows term win PostScript PNG 9 (set term png ) Netpbm pbm, pgm, ppm (set terminal ppm ) besj(x) besj(x) (27/8/26) -.6 ( ) Mac Mac term aqua gnuplot> set term push gnuplot> set term pop (push, pop ) ( ) 8 lp -d bessel.eps ghostview, gv gv bessel.eps & 9 GIF GIF gnuplot GIF GIF GIF ( ) 3

14 gnuplot> plot besj(x),besj(x) gnuplot> set term push gnuplot> set term postscript eps color gnuplot> set output "bessel.eps" gnuplot> replot gnuplot> set term pop gnuplot> set output Bessel term terminal term output STDOUT ( ) term (output ) GNUPLOT+ (27/8/26 : ) GNUPLOT TEX GNUPLOT+ ( GNUPLOT (PLUS-enhanced) ) psfrag (27/8/26 : psfrag : mind.meiji.ac.jp/~mk/knowhow-26/node3.html) gnuplot TEX gnuplot TEX ( ) ( ) TEX TEX psfrag PostScript TEX L A TEX \usepackage{psfrag} includegraphics \psfrag{eps2}{$\varepsilon^2$} eps2 ε 2 4

15 7 7. x = f(t), y = g(t) set parametric plot f(t),g(t) set noparametric set size ratio ( / ) set size ratio set size square ( ) set size ratio - set size ratio - { x = 3 cos t y = 2 sin t (t [, 2π]) { x = a(t sin t) y = a( cos t) (t R). 2 3*cos(t), 2*sin(t) : set parametric;set size ratio -;plot 3*cos(t),2*sin(t) r = θ 5

16 (t-sin(t)), -cos(t) : cycloid set parametric;set size ratio -;plot [-8:8] t-sin(t),-cos(t) # archimedes.gp set parametric set samples 2 set xrange [-3:3] set yrange [-3:3] set size square plot [:*pi] t*cos(t),t*sin(t) pause - set term postscript eps color set output "archimedes.eps" replot # archimedes2.gp set parametric set samples 2 set size ratio - plot [:*pi] t*cos(t),t*sin(t) pause - set term postscript eps color set output "archimedes2.eps" replot 3 t*cos(t), t*sin(t) 3 t*cos(t), t*sin(t) : set size square -3 3: set size ratio

17 # parametric-2.gp --- set parametric set size ratio - a=3;b=2 plot [-2:2] a*cosh(t),b*sinh(t),-a*cosh(t),b*sinh(t) pause - set term postscript eps color set output "parametric-2.eps" replot 8 a*cosh(t), b*sinh(t) -a*cosh(t), b*sinh(t) : x = ±3 cosh t, y = 2 sinh t (t [ 2, 2]) x = f(u), y = g(u), z = h(u) set parametric splot f(u),g(u),h(u) # parametric-3.gp --- set parametric splot cos(u),sin(u),u pause - "Hit Enter key!" set term postscript eps color set output "parametric-3.eps" replot 8 ( ) 7

18 cos(u), sin(u), u : x = cos u, y = sin u, z = u (x/a) 2 + (y/b) 2 + (z/c) 2 = # parametric-4.gp --- set parametric a=4;b=3;c=2 set urange [:pi] set vrange [:2*pi] splot a*sin(u)*cos(v),b*sin(u)*sin(v),c*cos(u) pause - "Hit Enter key!" set term postscript eps color set output "parametric-4.eps" replot a*sin(u)*cos(v), b*sin(u)*sin(v), c*cos(u) : (x/a) 2 + (y/b) 2 + (z/c) 2 = 8

19 x 2 + y 2 z 2 = # parametric-5.gp --- set parametric set urange [:2] set vrange [:2*pi] splot sinh(u)*cos(v),sinh(u)*sin(v),cosh(u),\ sinh(u)*cos(v),sinh(u)*sin(v),-cosh(u) pause - "Hit Enter key!" set term postscript eps color set output "parametric-5.eps" replot sinh(u)*cos(v), sinh(u)*sin(v), cosh(u) sinh(u)*cos(v), sinh(u)*sin(v), -cosh(u) : x 2 + y 2 z 2 = 9 9. C gnuplot C popen() gnuplot FILE popen() fprintf(gp, ) gnuplot FILE *gp;... gp = popen("gnuplot", "w"); 9.. plot plot sin(x) 9

20 testcallgnuplot.c /* * testcallgnuplot.c */ #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { FILE *gp; char buf[bufsiz]; gp = popen("gnuplot", "w"); fprintf(gp, "plot sin(x)\n"); fflush(gp); /* --- Enter */ fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin); /* */ pclose(gp); return ; } fgets() X Windows System gnuplot -persist C gnuplot testcallgnuplot.c /* * testcallgnuplot.c */ #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { FILE *gp; gp = popen("gnuplot -persist", "w"); fprintf(gp, "plot sin(x)\n"); pclose(gp); return ; } 9..2 plot plot ( ) plot - 2

21 testcallgnuplot.c /* * testcallgnuplot.c */ #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> int main(void) { int i, n; double pi, x, dx; FILE *gp; char buf[bufsiz]; pi = 4. * atan(.); gp = popen("gnuplot", "w"); fprintf(gp, "plot - with linespoints\n"); n = ; dx = 2 * pi / n; for (i = ; i <= n; i++) { x = i * dx; fprintf(gp, "%f %f\n", x, sin(x)); } /* e */ fprintf(gp, "e\n"); fflush(gp); /* --- Enter */ fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin); pclose(gp); return ; } : plot - ( e ) 2

22 3sukumi2.c /* * 3sukumi2.c * 3sukumi.R * C */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define N (2) void runif(double *v, int n, double a, double b) { int i; for (i = ; i < n; i++) v[i] = a + (b - a) * drand48(); } int main(void) { double N[N+],N2[N+],N3[N],yr[N]; double cc[3] = {.,.,.}; double a[] = {.2,.4,.,.,.2,.4,.4,.,.2}; double r[] = {.5,.6,.7}; double rand[n], rand2[n], rand3[n]; int i; FILE *gp; double hw; N[] = ; N2[] = ; N3[] = ; /* yr = {,2,...,N} */ for (i = ; i < N; i++) yr[i] = i + ; /* drand48() seed --- */ srand48(l); /* [-.,.) N */ hw =.; runif(rand, N, -hw, hw); runif(rand2, N, -hw, hw); runif(rand3, N, -hw, hw); /* Euler */ for (i = ; i < N-; i++) { N[i+] = cc[] + exp(r[]+rand[i]-a[]*n[i]-a[]*n2[i]-a[2]*n3[i])*n[i]; N2[i+] = cc[] + exp(r[]+rand2[i]-a[3]*n[i]-a[4]*n2[i]-a[5]*n3[i])*n2[i]; N3[i+] = cc[2] + exp(r[2]+rand3[i]-a[6]*n[i]-a[7]*n2[i]-a[8]*n3[i])*n3[i]; } /* gnuplot */ gp = popen("gnuplot -persist", "w"); fprintf(gp, "plot - with lines, - with lines, - with lines\n"); for (i = ; i < N; i++) fprintf(gp, "%f %f\n", yr[i], N[i]); fprintf(gp, "e\n"); for (i = ; i < N; i++) fprintf(gp, "%f %f\n", yr[i], N2[i]); fprintf(gp, "e\n"); for (i = ; i < N; i++) fprintf(gp, "%f %f\n", yr[i], N3[i]); fprintf(gp, "e\n"); fprintf(gp, "quit\n"); pclose(gp); return ; } 9..3 plot plot ac.jp/~mk/program/ ( 22

23 : 3sukumi2.c graphics/call_gnuplot.c, gnuplot.h, ) ( ) GNUPLOT FAQ GPTCALL GNUPLOT not so frequently asked questions gov/kawano/gnuplot/plot3d.html#6.5, ( ) (set nosurface unset surface) 23

24 drawcontour.g # drawcontour.g set view, set contour base set nosurface set isosamples set cntrparam level splot x**2-y**2 pause - set term postscript eps color; set output "contour.eps"; replot : x 2 y 2 ( ) set cntrparam levels incre -8,,8 ( 8 8 ) ( ) (legend) unset key title plot sin(x) title "graph of sin" gnuplot plot sin(x) notitle x, y set xlabel " " set ylabel " " set label [ ] " " [ ] [ ] ( ) 2 24

25 set label " " at screen.5,screen unset label [ ] first (,) second graph (,) (,) screen (,) (,) ( ) set arrow from,- to,; set arrow from -, to, C sprintf() s=sprintf("pi=%8.5f, e=%8.5f", pi, exp())) pi= , e= Mac set title " " font "HiraMinPro-W3, 24" (HiraMinPro-W3 ) 9.4 reread U(x, t) = ( ) exp x2 4πt 4t t = t, x anim.gp plot [-:] [:] u(x,t) t=t+dt if (t<tmax) reread anim.gp gnuplot gnuplot> u(x,t)=exp(-x*x/(4*t))/sqrt(4*pi*t) gnuplot> t=. gnuplot> Tmax=5 gnuplot> dt=. gnuplot> load "anim.gp" t =.. t = 5 u(, t) 25

26 .3.25 u(x,) u(x,2) u(x,3) u(x,4) : t =, 2, 3, 4 u(, t) ( GIF set term gif animate set output ".gif" ) (27//7 ) gnuplot ver 4.6 do for Tmax=5. Nmax=5 dt=tmax/nmax u(x,t)=exp(-x*x/(4*t))/sqrt(4*pi*t) do for [i=:nmax] { t=i*dt plot [-:] [:] u(x,t) } ( Tmax=5 dt ) ( ) Poisson P r (θ) = r 2 ( r <, θ R) 2π 2r cos θ + r 2 (r =,.,.2,... P r [ π, π] ) 9.5 misc 2, 3 Runge-Kutta gnuplot gnuplot

27 p(,x) p(.,x) p(.2,x) p(.3,x) p(.4,x) p(.5,x) p(.6,x) p(.7,x) : θ [ π, π] P (., ), P (.2, ),..., P (.7, ) A B Windows ( UNIX Windows gnuplot ) gnuplot+ GNUPLOT+ 4 gnuplot-4pw32.zip wgnuplot.exe gnuplot (MS ) Update wgnuplot.ini C Gnuplot GNUPLOT not so Frequently Asked Questions

28 gnuplot (Takeno Labo) 4., Windows gnuplot Appendix 2: gnuplot by ( ) GNUPLOT 3.5 (written by Thomas Williams, Colin Kelley, :, ) ( fj HTML ) GNUPLOT (PLUS-enhanced) GNU- PLOT+, GNUPLOT, (996)., gnuplot, (999). gnuplot gnuplot demo gnuplot all.dem ( ) Win32 TEX ac.jp/~kakuto/win32-ptex/web2c75.html gnuplot Win32 28

gnuplot gnuplot 1 3 y = x 3 + 3x 2 2 y = sin x sin(x) xxx+3xx

gnuplot gnuplot 1 3 y = x 3 + 3x 2 2 y = sin x sin(x) x*x*x+3*x*x gnuplot gnuplot y = x + x y = sin x.8 sin(x) 8 7 6 x*x*x+*x*x.6.. -. -. -.6 -.8 - - - - - - - -. - -. - -.. gnuplot gnuplot> set xrange[-.:.] gnuplot> plot x**+*x** y = x x gnuolot> reset gnuplot> plot