Vol. 45 No. 12 Dec ITS, ITS 1 30 m Evaluation of Autonomous Decentralized System Based Mobile Communications Platform for ITS Services Masashi H

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1 Vol. 45 No. 12 Dec ITS, ITS 1 30 m Evaluation of Autonomous Decentralized System Based Mobile Communications Platform for ITS Services Masashi Hiraiwa,, Akitoshi Shimura, Takeiki Aizono and Ken-ichi Okada Intellaigent transport systems (ITS) services, such as vehicle information and communication systems have already been implemented in practice and are now being applied commercially in a variety of fields. For communication control for the network platform, the system must establish a data transmission method for uninterrupted communication between microcells. This system must accommodate the changes in the radio environment when the vehicle is moving, because the system must deliver information to vehicle-mounted terminals that are moving swiftly in a service area consisting of microcells. To provide the platform for the ITS mobile network, this system is based on the Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) architecture. To solve the communication issue, the authors developed a Microcell Mobility Management system by ADS architecture to enable uninterrupted communication across microcells. This method is designed to assure a data transmission time by reducing the connection control processing time using ADS message transfer mechanism. The authors developed a prototype system incorporating the above methods and made an evaluation. The results show that the fundamental requirements for the ITS mobile network using microcells such the packet transfer capability in the network were satisfied, providing the way to the application of the ADS architecture to it. 1. Faculty of Science & Technology, Keio University Network Systems Solutions Division, Hitachi, Ltd. Systems Development Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. ITS 2706

2 Vol. 45 No DSRC: Dedicated Short Range Communication 5) 30 m 1),2) 30 m 120 km/h msec IP IP ADS ADS ITS (1) 1

3 2708 Dec msec 10),11) 1 ITS Fig. 1 ITS information delivery system using microcells. ITS 4),14) ITS 3),4) End-End (2) DSRC 30 m 120 km/h 900 msec DSRC ASK 420 kbit/s 900 msec IP IP 12),13) 3 IP 3.5 IP 3 / 900 msec 100 msec IP ITS

4 Vol. 45 No Fig. 2 Autonomous Decentralized System architecture. 2) ITS 7),8) 9) ITS 2 2 ATOM DF ATOM CC ATOM AP ATOM 3 Fig. 3 Application of the Autonomous Decentralized System architecture to roadside network system. ATOM CC AP ATOM AP CC CC CC ATOM ATOM 3) CC 3 GW BS LS ATOM DF DF AP AP CC 3

5 2710 Dec Fig. 4 4 ADS Data transmission scheme for Autonomous Decentralized Network (ADS messaging scheme). IP IP IP 1 IP GW IP 2 IP 3 ADS 3.2 ADS 2 ADS 4 4 DF ADS ADS CCCC CC AP BS LS GW CC AP AP 4 ATOM BS LS GW Ether Ether ATOM AP AP BS GW 4 ADS AP QoS

6 Vol. 45 No ATOM CC AP CC 4 1 GW IP CC ADS AP 2 CC ADS AP CC CC AP AP CC AP CC AP QoS 3) IETF Mobile IP WG IP 12),13) IP HA Home Agent 5 Fig. 5 Conventional network model. IP IP 5 IP IP IP IP BS IP 3 LAN IP IP 5 1 HA IP 2 HA GW IP 3 GW IP IP IP IP IP 3 BS 3 3 (i)

7 2712 Dec Fig. 6 6 Roadside network evaluation system structure. (ii) 30 m (iii) 2 ADS ADS IP GW IP AP LR IP GW BS LS 7 1 IP GW AP GW IP GW ADS ADS 7 GW ADS IP GW IP ADS ADS ADS IP ADS ADS AP 7 GW ADS AP AP 7 GW AP TCP/IP IP IP IP

8 Vol. 45 No Fig. 7 Evaluation system protocol stack. IP LR LR IP LR LR HTTP/TCP/IP Ether 2 BS 7 BS DSRC ARIB STD T75 DSRC IP IP DSRC IPoverDSRC ADS 7 BS ADS ADS GW ADS AP 7 BS ADS-AP GW Ether 3 AP LS AP FTP ADS ADS GW LS Ether 4 AP AP FTP 5 LR 7 LR-AP GW

9 2714 Dec Table 1 1 Evaluation items for the roadside network system. 1 DSRC DSRC IP AP 7 (1) AP 7 (2) 2 ADS 7 (1)(2) 7 (3) m AP LR 7 (4) LR 4 QPSK ARIB STD 75 / GW 6 7 DSRC ARIB STD T75 DSRC IP IP DSRC IPoverDSRC FTP 7 (1) AP (2) AP (3) LR (4) DSRC DSRC 1 IP AP 7 (1) AP 7 (2) 2 6 1

10 Vol. 45 No Table 2 End-to-end throughput. Get kbyte/sec Put LS 30 km/h AP 30 km/h AP AP LS PC FTP PUT/GET 7 ADS ADS DSRC 7 DSRC DSRC / 2 LS 138 kbyte/sec 1,104 kbit/sec 15) DSRC 1.2 Mbit/s 10% 17) 2 15% 30 km/h 25 30% 16) ARIB DSRC 120 km/h LS AP 24% TCP/IP 2 (i) ADS m 30 m 2 16) DSRC 8 / Mbps

11 2716 Dec (1) 1.1 Mbps N 1.1 N Mbps 4) 100 msec 100 msec 1.1 N Mbps 3 10 msec AP FTP ADS GW BS LS 7 GW GS LS ADS ADS ADS , msec 4 1, mec 8 ADS IP 8 ADS IP Fig. 8 IP packet processing delay in the ADS network. 8 ADS TCP/IP 1, ADS 20 Mbps 20 Mbps N = m 5msec msec 3 End End

12 Vol. 45 No msec 5msec 1.1 Mbps m m ADS msec (ii) msec TCP/IP IP 2 TCP/IP IP 2 30 km/h BS1 PC IP 9 1 BS2 BS Fig. 9 Communication sequences in the roadside network. 3 Table 3 Handover processing time msec 2 39 msec 100 msec msec 15) LR 100 msec 2 ITS LR 10 10

13 2718 Dec DSRC 10 Fig. 10 Interworking sequences to widearea network. 4 Table 4 Vehicle position notification time msec 2 28 msec PC LR 3 ITS 4 DSRC 15) 5. ITS DSRC 1) Aizono, T.: Enhancing Intelligent Devices towards Developing Highly-Performance and Flexible Production Systems, IEICE Trans.Inf. Syst., Vol.1.E84-D, No.10 (2001). 2) Aizono,T.,Kawano,K.,Wataya,H.andMori, K.: Autonomous Decentralized Software Structure for Integration of Information and Control Systems, Proc. IEEE Computer Software and Application Conference (COMPSAC 97 ), pp (Aug. 1997). 3) Shimura, A.: A Highly-Reliable Quality of Service (QoS) Control Method Based on an Autonomous Decentralized System Concept for Smart Gateways, 8th ITS World Congress, Sydney (Oct. 2001). 4) Hiraiwa, M.: A Proposal of Mobile Network Platform for Smart Gateways, 8th ITS World Congress, Sydney (Oct. 2001). 5) DSRC ARIB STD-T ITS-10-9 (2002/9). 6) ITS ITS 2002 (2002). 7) Kim, K., Mori, K. and Nakanishi, H.: Realization of Autonomous Decentralized Computing with the RTO. Object Structuring Scheme and the HU-DF Inter-Process-Group Communication Scheme, Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System (ISADS 95 ), pp (April 1995).

Vol. 45 No. 12 2719 8) Yau, S.S. and Oh, G.H.: An Object- Oriented Approach to Software Development for Autonomous Decentralized Systems, Proc.

: Autonomous Decentralized File System and Its Application, Proc. IEEE 3rd Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS), pp.262 268 (April 1992). 10) Tripathi, N.D., Reed, N.J.H.

: Performance Improvement of Forward Handover Based on Path Rerouting and Extension in Wireless ATM, IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.E82-B, No.9, pp.1485 1495 (1999). 12) Campbell, A.T., Kim, G.J.

: Comparison of IP Micro- Mobility Protocols, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Vol.9, No.1 (2002). 13) Campbell, A.T., Kim, G.J.

14 Vol. 45 No ) Yau, S.S. and Oh, G.H.: An Object- Oriented Approach to Software Development for Autonomous Decentralized Systems, Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System (ISADS 93 ), pp (March 1993). 9) Orimo, M., Hirasawa, S., Fujise, H., Takeuchi, M. and Mori, K.: Autonomous Decentralized File System and Its Application, Proc. IEEE 3rd Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS), pp (April 1992). 10) Tripathi, N.D., Reed, N.J.H. and VanLandingham, H.F.: Handoff In Cellular Systems, IEEE Personal Communications, pp (Dec. 1998). 11) Park, S., Lee, S., Song, Y.J., Cho, D.H. and Dhong, Y.B.: Performance Improvement of Forward Handover Based on Path Rerouting and Extension in Wireless ATM, IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.E82-B, No.9, pp (1999). 12) Campbell, A.T., Kim, G.J., Turanyi, S., Wan, C-Y.Z. and Valko, A.: Comparison of IP Micro- Mobility Protocols, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Vol.9, No.1 (2002). 13) Campbell, A.T., Kim, G.J., Turanyi, S., Wan, C-Y.Z. and Valko, A.: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Cellular IP, IEEE Personal Communications, Special Issue on IP-based Mobile Telecommunications Networks (June/July 2000). 14) ITS Vol.44, No.12 (2003). 15) DSRC ARIB T 75 Vol.J86- A, No.12 (2003). 16) ARIB: ARIB STD-T75: Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) for Transport Information and Control Systems (TICS) ARIB standards, ARIB (2001). 17) Vol.44, No.12 (2003). 18) Hiraiwa, M.: Implementation and Evaluation of Autonomous Decentralized System based Mobile Communications Platform for ITS services, Proc. ISADS2003 (International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized System) (2003.) 1981 ( ) ITS IEEE 2000 IEEE IEEE CSCW GW GN BCC VR CS VR IEEE SAINT 04 IEEE ACM ( ) ( )

TCP/IP IEEE Bluetooth LAN TCP TCP BEC FEC M T M R M T 2. 2 [5] AODV [4]DSR [3] 1 MS 100m 5 /100m 2 MD 2 c 2009 Information Processing Society of

TCP/IP IEEE Bluetooth LAN TCP TCP BEC FEC M T M R M T 2. 2 [5] AODV [4]DSR [3] 1 MS 100m 5 /100m 2 MD 2 c 2009 Information Processing Society of IEEE802.11 [1]Bluetooth [2] 1 1 (1) [6] Ack (Ack) BEC FEC (BEC) BEC FEC 100 20 BEC FEC 6.19% 14.1% High Throughput and Highly Reliable Transmission in MANET Masaaki Kosugi 1 and Hiroaki Higaki 1 1. LAN