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1 BBC 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科メディア プロフェッショナルコース博士課程 1. はじめに Noam Chomsky 1 Fairness Doctrine

2 1980 Ronald Reagan Margaret Thatcher Irish Republican Army IRA IRA impartiality 4 BBC 2. サッチャー政権以前の放送メディア Public Service Broadcasting British Broadcasting Corporation BBC Independent Television ITV Comfortable DuopolyBBC ITV 1922 the British Broadcasting Company The Sykes Committee The Crawford Committee 1927 BBC BBC Royal Charter Licence and Agreement 5 John Reith

3 BBC 1936 BBC 1955 BBC 1954 the Television Act 1954 ITV Independent Television Authority ITA 7 9 BBC ITV 8 ITV ITN Independent Television News BBC BBC whim impartiality 9 BBC ITV 10 Brian McNair Kevin Williams 1970 BBC BBC ITV BBC ITV BBC 1977 the Annan Committee BBC BBC 50% BBC 14 99

4 BBC 15 BBC % Rupert Murdoch Gough Whitlam the Sun Larry Lamb THE WINTER OF DISCONTENT 79 5 VOTE TORY THIS TIME. IT S THE ONLY WAY TO STOP THE ROT William Shawcross サッチャー政権のメディア政策

5 BBC BBC 22 BBC 1980 ITV Michael Grade ITV BBC BBC 23 BBC BBC Saatchi and Saatchi BBC gradually 24 BBC Stuart Young BBC ITV 25 ITV BBC Michael Leapman 4 26 BBC 1970 the Centre for Policy Studies the Institute of Economic Affairs the Adam Smith Institute 27 David Harvey

6 Communications Policy BBC 29 BBC Alasdair Milne BBC 41% BBC BBC remarkable intervention BBC BBC WHITHER THE BBC? BBC BBC the Monopolies and Mergers Commission right-wing radicalism 1983 BBC BBC 34 BBC 102

7 BBC monolithic BBC 35 3 Alan Peacock the Peacock Committee BBC Report of the Committee on Financing the BBC Alan Peacock BBC 37 BBC BBC BBC ITV 38 BBC pay-per-view consumer sovereignty ITV 39 BBC BBC 10 BBC ITV 40% 40 BBC House of Commons Home Affairs Committee BBCthe Future of the BBC 41 due impartiality

8 43 Silvio Berlusuconi Broadcasting in the 90s Competition, Choice and Quality The Government s Plans for Broadcasting Legislation BBC 1996 BBC 45 ITV competitive tendering system ITV 46 impartial and accurate 47 ITC the Independent Television Commission 48 ITV Broadcasting Act IBA ITC ITV 3 4 BSkyB British Sky Broadcasting

9 BBC 4. イギリスの 公平性 impartiality 1927 BBC 13 7 BBC 51 BBC the Nation BBC impartial arbiter BBC BBC 52 BBC BBC 1954 BBC 53 BBC BBC 54 BBC BBC 55 BBC BBC

10 BBC BBC BBC ITV 3 ITV ITN 3 nominated provider Robert Maclennan 3 ITC 58 bias ITC Programme Code due impartiality 6 1 c ITC 90 BBC due ITC ITC 106

11 BBC BBC BBC 64 ITC major matters 65 ITC 5. サッチャー政権とBBC 5-1 北アイルランド問題 BBC IRA IRA BBC IRA 1979 Airey Neave the Irish National Liberation Army INLA BBC INLA Carrickmore incident BBC IRA BBC IRA 17 BBC 66 Michael Leapman 67 BBC IRA 107

12 BBC BBC BBC IRAIRA BBC BBC 6 BBC 1985 BBC Real Lives BBC Londonderry Democratic Unionist Party Gregory Campbell IRA McGuinness BBC 69 TWA 70 BBC Leon Brittan BBC 24 BBC 108

13 BBC BBC 71 ITV BBC BBC BBC ITV BBC BBC 73 BBC BBC BBC 5-2 対外政策とBBC BBC 74 BBC BBC

14 BBC impartiality legitimately BBC 76 BBC BBC 77 BBC BBC BBC BBC Tebbit dossier Conservative Central Office Norman Tebbit Media Monitoring Unit BBC 9 ITV 10 ITV BBC 78 BBC BBC BBC impartiality BBC BBC

15 BBC BBC BBC BBC BBC BBC ITV BBC John Wilson partiality 82 BBC / 6. 終わりに BBC Ian Trethowan BBC

16 85 Calvin Coolidge BBC John Reith BBC BBC 7.5% BBC 86 BBC 87 BBC BBC

17 BBC NHK 80 BBC NHK 注 Fairness Doctrine Fairness Doctrine impartiality impartiality 05 Scannell, P. and Cardiff, D. (1991) A Social History of British Broadcasting, volume I, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, p.8 06 Leapman, Michael. (1987) The Last Days of the Beeb, Allen & Unwin Limited. p.70 BBC ITA 1973 IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority1990 Independent Television Commission ITC 08 24L McNair, Brian. (1994) News and Journalism in the UK, Routledge. pp

18 10 Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid., p Williams, Kevin. (1998) Get me a Murder a Day!: A History of Mass Communication in Britain, Arnold, p Leapman, Michael. p BBC NHK McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Shawcross, William. (1992) Murdoch, Touchstone, p Ibid., pp Ibid., p IBA ITV ITV McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Williams, Kevin. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p Ibid., p Leapman, Michael. p Williams, Kevin. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p BBC ITV IBA BBC BBC BBC ITN 30 Leapman, Michael. p Leapman, Michael. pp Roy Thomson 1959 Lord Kemsley 1970 Shawcross, William. op. cit., pp McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p CATV Leapman, Michael. p

19 BBC NHK BBC McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p The Future of Broadcasting, HC 262, (1988) London: HMSO, p.xlviii 42 Ibid., p.viii. 43 Ibid., p.xiv. 44 Ibid. 45 McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Ibid., p Ibid., pp Ibid., p IBA ITV % BSkyB 6 10% McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Ibid., p Wilson, John. (1996) Understanding Journalism : a guide to issue, Routledge, pp BBC BBC Guide 1990, London: BBC Impartiality does not imply absolute neutrality, nor detachment from basic moral and constitutional beliefs. For example, the BBC does not feel obliged to be neutral as between truth and untruth, justice and injustice, compassion and cruelty, tolerance and intolerance. 57 McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Parliamentary Debates, Standing Committee F (Home Affairs Select Committee), House of Commons Official Report, 1990, London: HMSO 59 McNair, Brian. op. cit., pp that due impartiality is preserved on the part of the person providing the service as respects matters of political or industrial controversy or relating to current public policy McNair, Brian. op. cit., pp Independent Television Commission, Programme Code, 1991, p Ibid 64 BBC

20 65 McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. pp McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p Leapman, Michael. pp Leapman, Michael. p Leapman, Michael. p Leapman, Michael. pp McNair, Brian. op. cit., p The News and Current Affairs Index, p.79. para Leapman, Michael. p Ibid., p McNair, Brian. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p Leapman, Michael. pp Leapman, Michael. pp BBC Wilson, John. op. cit., p Leapman, Michael. p Jr

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