500 MHz Koji TAKATA 1 1 klystron KEK (Photon Factory PF ) [2] MW S 2 UHF * PF 2.5 GeV 3 PF 180 kw 1.2 MW *1 Gilmo

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1 500 MHz Koji TAKATA 1 *1 klystron KEK (Photon Factory PF ) [2] MW S *2 UHF * PF 2.5 GeV 3 PF 180 kw 1.2 MW koji.takata@kek.jp *1 Gilmour [1] *2 2 GHz 4 GHz 2856 MHz 3000 MHz L 1 GHz 2 GHz C 4 GHz 8 GHz X 8 GHz 12 GHz *3 300 MHz 1 GHz 1 [3] R. H. Varian S. F. Varian [4] 1 W Varian κλυζειν [5] () Varian SLAC E. L. Ginzton [6] kw W. W. Hansen Varian SLAC Mark III [7] S 30 MW 1

2 MW Ginzton UHF 100 kw [2] 3 PF PF PF 500 MHz 200 kw 250 kw ma NEC ( 80 kw) ( 250 kw) NEC *4 NHK 1970 UHF 13 (470 MHz 476 MHz) 1976 NHK 10 KEK MHz 70 kw 2 *4 1AV SLAC SLAC 1972 SPEAR 4.2 GeV SPEAR II 358 MHz 125 kw 4 [8] 18 GeV PEP MHz 500 kw [9] kv *5 µp = % 500 kw 500 kw η = 60% G. Konrad 127 mm 90 ma/cm DESY 1973 DORIS [11] 3.5 GeV *5 V I I = P V 3/2 Child-Langmuir [10] P perveance 10 6 µp µp

3 500 MHz TH-CSF F kv 16 A 250 kw GeV PETRA [12] SLAC PEP Valvo 500 MHz YK kv 15 A 600 kw kw * Daresbury Daresbury SRS 2 GeV PF 380 kw 100 MHz 500 MHz *7 [13] 3000 MHz 500 MHz 250 kw Varian VKP kv 15 A 255 kw 4.4 Frascati Orsay Frascati 1.5 GeV ADONE 8.45 MHz 50 MHz Orsay 0.54 GeV ACO *6 1 *7 PF MHz 100 MHz 5 PF PF2.5 GeV 1 V s 400 kv 510 kv 500 ma 200 kw 255 kw 100 MHz VHF UHF 3 VHF * db 350 MHz PF 10 cm 700 MHz DESY Darebury 500 MHz *8 V s 3

4 PF 2856 MHz 476 MHz 3000 MHz DESY Darebury 500 MHz [14] DORIS SRS 1977 PF 100 kw 30 MW PETRTA 600 kw 1 MW 100 kw 3 db 1 MW 180 kw 200 kw KEK [15] 2 PF m MHz 6 PF 180 kw 180 kw * kv 8 A 180kW 55% 1 [16][17] mm db [18] *9 E3774 4

6.2 40 kv 3 400 l/min 250 gauss * 10 WG1500 * 11 HFSS 6.3 Q 1979 1 140 kw 1983 190 kw * 12 [19] PF *10 SUPERFISH SLAC KEK 1979 1980 *11 381 mm 190.5 mm *12 45 kv 6.9 A 0.72 1981 8 4 2.

5 kv l/min 250 gauss * 10 WG1500 * 11 HFSS 6.3 Q kw kw * 12 [19] PF *10 SUPERFISH SLAC KEK * mm mm *12 45 kv 6.9 A GeV PF 2 4 [20] kw KEKB 1.2 MW 1 MW 1981 JT60 2 GHz 1 MW, 10 NEC 1 MW 7.1 * kw 90 kv 20 A MHz MHz *13 E3786 E3732 5

1 SUPERFISH 180 kw 4.35 m 1.8 m 1.15 7.3 1 1982 3 8 350 kw 2 20 [23] Ba 2 KEKB 1.2 MW 1984 * 14 WG1500 508.581 MHz 7.

6 1 SUPERFISH 180 kw 4.35 m 1.8 m kw 2 20 [23] Ba 2 KEKB 1.2 MW 1984 * 14 WG MHz kw 3 70 mm 90 kv 2 MW Nukiyama Curve [21][22] 180 kw 5 *14 impregnated Semicon oil-free 90 kv 316L 2 KEK one-side-multipacting 100 Å [24] 6

7 KEKB kw [25] kv 64.8% 1.3 MW 7.4 Valvo DESY Valvo 1983 PETRA 600 kw YK kw YK KEK 770 kw 1 MW YK MW 7.5 KEK 60 Valvo KEKB 22 Valvo Valvo 1 5 [26] 2 [27] Valvo 1050 C 100 C 2000 [28] MHz KEK

8 S * 15 C * 16 X * : * MHz 80 MW 4 µs 50 Hz * MHz 50 MW 2.8 µs 50 Hz * GHz 75 MW 1.7 µs 60 Hz :repeller 8

9 [29] 2 RF Parameters of the PF Storage Ring KEK-ACCELERATOR-78-1 (April 1978) [15] Abstract The radio frequency is chosen to be MHz and the harmonic number h to be 300. These are changed from the original design values MHz and 256. The RF power relations are caluculated for typical cavity conditions. The synchrotron oscillation number ν s will be about Introduction Initially we chose the radio frequency for the storage ring at 476 MHz, just the one-sixth of the accelerating frequency of the 2.5 GeV injection linac. This was because the 2856 MHz bunches can be injected in exact synchronization with the ring RF bucket. Recently 500 MHz instead of 476 MHz becomes preferred because of the following reasons. First, the Varian klystron VKP-8259 (1), which operates at MHz, is already in use at DESY (2), and will be used by Daresbury Laboratory (3). The Japanese manufacturers, however, have not yet developed tubes with an output more than 120 kw at CW rating around this frequency. Therefore they are obliged to make some investments to get a tube with a desired output of 180 kw (4). Second, by modulating the injection gun of the linac a good efficiency of trapping in the ring will be obtained and, even a single bunch storage will not be difficult at any frequency (5). Considerable changes were made also with respect to the mean radius and momentum compaction factor in the recent designing of the ring lattice (6). In the following are presented the modifications of the results in a previous report (4). (1) Tentative VKP 8259 Klystron Specification, Varian Ass. (Jan., 1978). (2)Specification of DESY 500 MHz-klystron, DESY B (Jan., 1973). (3) Specification for a High Power 500 MHz klystron, DL/SRS/S/12 (Aug., 1975). (4) K. Takata: Note on the RF System of the 2.5 GeV Electron Storage Ring for the Photon Factory Project, KEK (Nov., 1977). (5) T. Suzuki: private communications. (6) S. Kamada et al: Lattice Design of KEK Photon Factory Storage Ring, KEK (Dec., 1977). [1] Jr. A. S. Gilmour. Microwave Tubes. Artech House, [2].., [3]., KEK Report , [4] R. H. Varian and S. F. Varian. Proc. IEEE, Vol. 61, p. 299, [5] R. Warnecke and P. Guénard. Les Tubes Électroniques a Commande par Modulation de Vitesse. Gauthier- Villars, Paris, [6] A. G. Cottrell and L. Cottrell, editors. Times to Remember The Life of Edward L. Ginzton. Blackberry Creek Press, Berkeley, [7] M. Chodorow, et al. Rev. Sci. Instr., Vol. 26, p. 134, [8] M. A. Allen, et al. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-22, p. 1269, [9] G. T. Konrad. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Vol. NS-24, p. 1689, [10] I. Langmuir and K. B. Blodgett. Phys. Rev., Vol. Ser. 2, vol. 22, p. 347, [11] D. Degèle, et al. Proc. 9th Int. Conf. High Energy Accelerators, p. 43, [12] G. A. Voss. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. High Energy Accelerators, p. 448, [13] G. Saxon and T. E. Swain, The Choice of Radio Frequency for the Daresbury Storage Ring, Daresbury Laboratory Report DL/SRF/R6, [14] S. Kamada, et al., Lattice Design of KEK Photon Factory Storage Ring, KEK Report KEK-77-16, [15] K. Takata, RF Parameters of the PF Storage Ring, KEK 9

10 Report KEK-ACCELERATOR-78-1, [16]., Vol. 56-B-5, p. 176, [17]., Vol. 59-B-1, p. 17, [18] T. Okamoto, et al. Proc. 3rd Symposium on Acc. Sci. and Tech., p. 217, Osaka Univ, [19]. 8, p. 179,, [20]., [21]., , [22] S. Nukiyama. Maximum and minimum values of heat q transmitted from metal to boiling water under atmospheric pressure. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. Jpn., Vol. 37, p. 53, [23] K. Akai, et al. Proc. of 13th Int. Conf. High Energy Accelerators, Vol. 2, p. 303, [24] S. Isagawa, et al. Proc Particle Accelerator Conference, [25]. KEK High Energy Quarterly, Vol. 1-3, p. 1, [26] S. Isagawa. Proc. 14th Symposium on Accelerator Science and Technology, p. 341, [27] W. H. Kohl. Handbook of Materials and Techniques for Vacuum Devices. Reinhold Publishing Co.. New York, [28]., [29] R. E. Collin. Foundations for Microwave Engineering, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill,

XFEL/SPring-8

DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF RF SYSTEM OF INJECTOR SECTION FOR XFEL/SPRING-8 Takao Asaka 1,A), Takahiro Inagaki B), Hiroyasu Ego A), Toshiaki Kobayashi A), Kazuaki Togawa B), Shinsuke Suzuki A), Yuji Otake B),