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1 論 文 Shakespeare の Sonnets における 数秘構造 大 木 富 1. はじめに 1609 年に物語詩 恋人の嘆き A Lover s Complaint と併せて四つ折り 本で出版された ソネット集 Sonnets 初版は 唯一のシェイクスピア William Shakespeare, 存命中の版である しかし 彼自身の校 正の手が入っていないのではないかと考えられることから A. ファウラー Alastair Fowler が要領よくまとめてくれているように 所収のソネット の配列に関して 各詩に付された番号通りの順序ではないとか 3 つの変 則ソネット 全 15 行の 99 番 2 行連句全 12 行の 126 番 1 行が 8 音節 4 詩 脚の 145 番 は 草稿 未定稿ないしは偽作では ないかといった指摘がな されたりしてきた これに対して ファ ウラーは 数のシンボリ ズムの観点から 3 つの 変則ソネットを目印 基 点と考え 図 1 に点線で 示したように 全 154 から 136 番を除いた 153 のソネットが三角形を構 図1 英語と文学 教育の視座 日本英語英文学会 2 成し それを大枠として

2 Shakespeare Sonnets Shakespeare Sonnets 24 2 anamorphose T. P. Thomas P. Roche, Jr. 3 K. Katherine Duncan- Jones 2 M. Margaret Healy one is no number 1 3

3 pyramids bases for eternity Nymphe Cupido

4 Shakespeare Sonnets Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophil and Stella 3 11 Fowler ; Roche Michael Maier, And thou in this shalt find thy monument

5 Mine eye hath played the painter, and hath steeled Thy beauty s form in table of my heart; My body is the frame wherein tis held, And perspective it is best painter s art; For through the painter must you see his skill, To find where your true image pictured lies, Which in my bosom s shop is hanging still, That hath his windows glazed with thine eyes: Now see what good turns eyes for eyes have done: Mine eyes have drawn thy shape, and thine for me Are windows to my breast, wherethrough the sun Delights to peep, to gaze therein on thee; Yet eyes this cunning want to grace their art: They draw but what they see, know not the heart. ( Sonnet 24 ) 24 4 perspective 3 frame William Scrots, fl Portrait of Edward VI, 1546 Richard II, 1597 Whitehall Jurgis Baltrušaitis Ernest B. Gilman Hans 6

6 Shakespeare Sonnets Holbein, 1497/ The Ambassadors, , glaze gaze Duncan-Jones 158 Kerrigan 205-6;

7 1 3 3 frame 158 Johannes Vermeer, De Schilderkunst, c Easel frame

8 Shakespeare の Sonnets における数秘構造 しているのであれば そ れは ダーク レイディ にも当てはまることにな る 第 2 部は総計 28 個の ソネットから成るが 先 述したように28は太陰月 の日数 女性の月経周期 にして 1 から 7 までを 順に足した合計として三 角形を形成する完全数で ある 要するに イーゼ 図2 ル画としての ソネット 集 には 青年 の肖像 三角形 だけではなく ダーク レイディ の肖像 三角形 も描かれ ていることになる 先に図 1 で見たように 153 の三角形の中で 24 番は 99 番と 145 番を線で結んで引き延ばされた三角形をつくり さらにその三 角形の構成要素で 三角数 66 1 から 11 までを順に足していった合計 を 序数とするソネットが 変則ソネット 126 番と結んでもう 1 つの引き延ば された三角形を形成している 前者の三角形は 127 番以降のソネットを 含んでいるので 後者の 126 番 99 番 66 番がつくるアナモルフォーズの 三角形が第 1 部 青年 を象徴することになる 次に第 2 部の三角形はど うかと言えば 126 番を基点として 132 番 154 番を結んでつくる ファウ ラーの指摘する三角形は やはり 126 番を含むので第 2 部を象徴する三角 形とは言えない そこでソネット 24 番が指示する変則ソネット 145 番を見 ると 145 番を基点として 148 番と 154 番を結んでつくる ファウラーの 指摘する 153 の三角形の最上部に位置する三角形が指示されており これ が第 2 部 ダーク レイディ を象徴する三角形であると理解できる つ まり 図 2 に示したように ファウラーの言う 126 番 132 番 154 番が つくる三角形と 24 番 99 番 145 番の形成する三角形が部分的に重なり 合って結合し 点線で示した 126 番 127 番 133 番 134 番 140 番 145 番の 6 個のソネットから成る領域を共通項として 実線 一部太線 で示 した第 1 部と第 2 部を象徴する 2 つの三角形が結びつけられているのがわ 9

9 6 2 Dante Alighieri, La Divina Commedia, c Paradiso 18 6 M Hopper M W W will will W.H. will will

10 Shakespeare Sonnets askance 6 And worse essays proved thee my best of love 8 24 W M 110 woman man 20 the master mistress of my passion 2 hermaphroditus M W 11

11 W M 6 24 M W 1. 1 Hopper

12 Shakespeare Sonnets 3 John Kerrigan Countess of Pembroke Arcadia Baltrušaitis, Jurgis. Anamorphoses ou Thaumaturgus Opticus. Paris: Flammarion, Print. Easel. The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art Print. Fowler, Alastair. Triumphal Forms: Structural Patterns in Elizabethan Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Print. Gilman, Ernest B. The Curious Perspective: Literary and Pictorial Wit in the Seventeenth Century. New Haven: Yale UP, Print. Healy, Margaret. Shakespeare, Alchemy and the Creative Imagination: The Sonnets and A Lover s Complaint. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, Print. Hopper, Vincent F. Medieval Number Symbolism: Its Sources, Meaning, and Influence on Thought and Expression. New York: Colombia UP, Print., 1999 Print. Shakespeare Sonnets: B Print. Roche, T.P. Jr. Petrarch and the English Sonnet Sequences. New York: AMS, Print. Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare s Sonnets. Ed. Katherine Duncan-Jones. The Arden Shakespeare. 3rd Series. London: Thomas Nelson, Print.. The Sonnets and A Lover s Complaint. Ed. John Kerrigan. The New Penguin Shakespeare. New York: Penguin Books, Print., 1975 Print. ohki@gen.kanagawa-it.ac.jp 13

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