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2 28(2): (2003) Fumio Koizumi s Study of Japanese Traditional Music as the Starting Point of His Ethnomusicological Research Shota Fukuoka Key Words : Fumio Koizumi, comparative musicology, folk music, ethnomusicology : 257

3 Fumio Koizumi ( ) is known for pioneering ethnomusicology in Japan. His first book Nihon Dento Ongaku no Kenkyu (A Study on Japanese Traditional Music, 1958) is one of his most important research outcomes which throw light on the basic scale structure of Japanese traditional music. This paper aims to examine his approach to Japanese traditional music and argues that it characterizes his ethnomusicological research afterwards. When Koizumi decided to pursue a career as a musicologist just after the end of the Second World War, many Japanese intellectuals evaluated Japanese traditional music as feudal, irrational, or vulgar. Demonstrating this was a plan to eliminate the department of Japanese traditional music from the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music when it was founded by uniting the Tokyo Academy of Music and Tokyo Academy of Arts in Toyotaka Komiya, then the director of Tokyo Academy of Music said Japanese traditional music could not be a basis for the creation of New Japanese music. Eishi Kikkawa, a researcher of Japanese music, argued that Japanese traditional music had a peculiar value not inferior to Western music and insisted on the establishment of the department. At last, they established the department based on a resolution of the Diet. The discussion about the significance of Japanese traditional music in the process of postwar rehabilitation influenced Koizumi. Koizumi, who had a liking for Western music from his childhood, began to take an interest in Japanese traditional music after attending lectures given by Kikkawa at Tokyo University. Koizumi chose Japanese folk music including children s songs as his object of research, to which Kikkawa did not pay much attention. Koizumi thought folk music embodied a fundamental layer of Japanese music, or the basic musicality of the Japanese which underlay many different genres of traditional music. He studied it with a method of comparative musicology. He denied the then common approach which replaced the study of music with that of its literary content and aimed for objective recognition 258

4 of its tone system. This reflected his desire to grasp many different genres as belonging to the same category of music. Furthermore, in order to overcome the dichotomy between Western and Japanese music, he intended to take a third perspective by comparing them with other music from around the world. While the name of comparative musicology was replaced by ethnomusicology in Western Europe and North America during the 1950 s and researchers came to emphasize the study of music in culture, Koizumi kept his basic method of studying music by comparing various kinds of music of the world. On the one hand he assumed Japanese traditional music reflects national characteristics of the Japanese, on the other hand he believed we could understand different kinds of music of the world on a common ground of music. This attitude had continued to characterize his ethnomusicological research

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6 1976: : :

7 : : Hood NHK NHK NHK 1995: 24; 1992: 388; 1958: 32 NHK 262

8 1976: : 299, : : A W 1958: International Folk Musick Council 4 263

9 Society for Ethno-Musicology SEM : : 307 NHK :

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25 : 75 Liedganze : : : : : : : :

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28 1973b: : b: Ethno-Musicology 1955 comparative musicology etho-musicology Kunst 1955: Musicologica Ethnomusicology

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36 5 291

37 : 30 International Council for Traditional Music ICTM 5 Society for Ethnomusicology :

38 a: : : 155; 1979: : : : : : : : : : ethno-musicology ethno-musicology :

39 pp : Hood, Mantle 1960 The Challenge of Bi-musicality, Ethnomusicology 4: : : : : : : pp pp pp pp : Kunst, Jaap 1955 Ethno-Musicology: A Study of Its Nature, Its Problems, Methods, and Representative Personalities to Which Is Added a Bibliography. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff :

40 NHK 1995 NHK a 31 7 : b 31 7 : : < kokkai.ndl.go.jp / SENTAKU / syugiin / 005 / 0804 / main.html> < -tomo-room/sukegawa_old4.html> : pp

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„h‹¤.05.07 Japanese Civilian Control in the Cold War Era Takeo MIYAMOTO In European and American democratic countries, the predominance of politics over military, i.e. civilian control, has been assumed as an axiom.