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1 Pronunciation Features in the English Modules: English Varieties in the Inner-Circle ARASHIRO Marina Two universities in Japan have collaboratively developed a free online English learning website, KANDA TUFS English Modules Dialog. The website is targeted at intermediate to advanced learners of English and provides users with opportunities to learn linguistic and cultural differences in English. This paper mainly explains the pronunciation aspects of the English Modules Dialog, describing types of the features chosen to give pronunciation descriptions and explaining how these descriptions are given on the website. As the website is designed so that its users can learn linguistic features of a given English dialect, one of the main types of pronunciation explanation is the inter-dialect differences in vowels. In order to facilitate understanding of native speakers natural speech, the linking of sounds and sound changes e.g. elision and assimilation occurring frequently in the dialogues were also described. As for suprasegmental features, explanations were given where contrastive or emphatic accent was observed. R COE TUFS
2 World Englishes 3 1 ALT Assistant Language Teacher ALT TOEIC World Englishes Kirkpatrick, 2007: 3 Kachru 1985:
3 English Learning Institute ELI General American RP: Received Pronunciation 59
4 BBC English 3 7 Estuary English RP Cockney General Australian General New Zealand Evan Kieran R rhotic R non-rhotic R 60
5 about aʊ əʊ Canadian Raising Canadian Raising 1 3 R rhoticity 61
6 Canadian Raising 1 1 But, please do not leave food out anywhere when you go to sleep. OUt Canadian Raising out /t/ food out CA 2 It s about that time, eh? about Canadian Raising It s about that time CA 3 Yeah. We re driving to my parents house. house Canadian Raising CA CA R /ɪə, eə / /ɑə, ɔə, ʊə / R /ɪə, eə, ɑ:, ɔ:(, ʊə)/ /æ/ ask / :/ Ask-words R Ask-words 2 3 /æ/ a / / /ɒ/ 62
7 2 R 1 The first thing you need to do is fill out the driving licence application form. first /ɜ:/ r form / :/ r UK 2 We ve lived here for 3 years! here years / r AUS 3 For example, Granny Smith is more crispy and tart, and Red Delicious is softer and sweeter. tart / :/ r AUS 4 tart r NZ UK AUS NZ 3 Ask-words 1 Okay, I ll lock up after this . after /æ/ / :/ US 2 after / :/ /æ/ r lock up after UK 3 After r lock up after NZ US /i:/ 63
8 /i:/ [e] /ɪ/ /i:/ [e] /ɪ/ [əi] /ɛ/ [ɛ] [əi] /ɛ/ [ɛ] [ə] /a/ /ɒ, ɑ:/ /a/ /ɒ, ɑ:/ 4 1 Why don t you come over for tea tomorrow night and we ll show you where everything is and give you a set of keys? tea key / AUS 2 Let s go and see if the people are alright and if they have any more information about the driver. have AUS 3 Dead set? set AUS ɪi əi 4 /ɪ/
9 5 1 I accidentally knocked over your vase and it fell and smashed. Accidentally knocked /k/ knocked over your vase smashed NZ 2 Should ve bought one when I still had a bit of coin; before the petrol companies pinched it all. petrol -tr-/ companies -pa- pinched / / it /t/ pinched it all NZ 3 OK. How do you think you ll fit in on campus? fit /t/ fit in on NZ vase tomato schedule /t/ ɾ ʔ /t/ 65
10 vase US CA UK AUS NZ vase /veis/ /v :z/ vase /veis/ /v :z/ /veiz/ vase /v :z/ /veis/ vase /veis/ /v :z/ vase 7 tomato US CA UK AUS NZ tomato /ei/ / :/ tomato 2 /t/ tomato /eɪ/ / :/ tomato 2 /t/ tomato / :/ /ei/ tomato /ei/ / :/ 2 /t/ tomato /ei/ NZ / :/ ɾ Cruttenden 2014: 178 ʔ /t/ /l/ /n/ Gordon 2008: 74; Clarke 2008: 174; Schneider 2008:
11 8 8 1 /t/ 2 /t/ 3 Yup, just came out of the oven. just /t/ out /t/ just came out of AUS Was getting thirsty! getting /t/ thirsty /ɜ:/ r UK Is that Brian down the end of the bar? down the of /v/ end of the bar UK 4 I wanted to talk to you about my work in your class. wanted /d/ wanted to CA 5 /t/ /tj/ What about you? Any plans? what /t/ about about /t/ you US 67
12 /zj/ I suppose you re right. suppose you re / NZ 7 /t/ Patrick is just meeting everyone today, and he ll start training tomorrow. just /t/ CA 8 /d/ 9 /t/ /h/ /t/ /t/ 10 /r/ intrusive /r/ Been going on and on and on about it all week. on and on and on about it and /d/ UK Really, though, you shouldn t let her get to you. shouldn t /t/ her /h/ let / t/ her get /t/ get to US I m just in awe of it all. awe of /r/ AUS
13 9 1 No, no, she s fine. It s her mother. she s mother UK 2 Anyway, what brings you here? brings you you NZ 3 I d really like to go, but it depends like UK 4 Yeah, nah, you could be right. could NZ US CA UK AUS NZ 2 Cruttenden 2014 Horvath 2008 Bauer & Warren
14 TUFS 21 COE 2012 World Englishes 2003 Bauer, L. & Warren, P New Zealand English: phonology In Burridge, K. & Kortmann, B. eds., Varieties of English 3: The Pacific and Australasia pp Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Burridge, K. & Kortmann, B. eds Varieties of English 3: The Pacific and Australasia. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Chapman, M. & Newfields, T The New TOEIC In JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter pp Cruttenden, A Gimson s Pronunciation of English 8 th ed.. Oxon/New York: Routledge. Clarke, S Newfoundland English: phonology In Schneider ed., Varieties of English 2: The Americans and the Caribbean. pp Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Gradoll, D The Future of English?: A Guide to Forecasting the Popularity of the English Language in the 21 st Century. The British Council. Gordon, M. J New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology In Schneider ed., Varieties of English 2: The Americans and the Caribbean. pp Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Kachru, B. B Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle, In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson eds., English in the World. pp Cambridge University Press. Kirkpatrick A World Englishes. Cambridge University Press. Kortmann, B. & Upon, C. eds Varieties of English 1: The British Isles. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Kretzschmar, W. A. Jr Standard American English pronunciation In Schneider ed., Varieties of English 2: The Americans and the Caribbean. pp Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Schneider, E. W. ed Varieties of English 2: The Americans and the Caribbean. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Schneider, E. W Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean In Schneider ed., Varieties of English 2: The Americans and the Carib- 70
15 bean. pp Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. JET Programme JET KANDA TUFS TUFS 1 #28 New York 4 #1 Chicago 4 #2 Colorado 4 #1 Alberta New Brunswick #1 Manila 2 13 #28 #3 Ontario 1 #5 Ontario 2 8 #7 Vancouver #1 Salisbury #8 London; Cardiff 4 7 London Cardiff Oxford London Budapest Newcastle Hanoi #8 England; 7 22 Germany
16 #4 Melbourne Queensland #1 South Australia #3 Canberra Palmerston NZ #1 Taranaki 5 20 NZ #8 Perth 8 #1 Taupo Taupo NZ 6 12 NZ Dunden NZ #8 Chichester 7 11 Wellington NZ 15 1
01[ ]関屋…(責).indd
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KANDA TUFS The Development of the KANDA TUFS English Modules: the Significance and Characteristics SEKIYA Yasushi, YAZU Norie and MURPHY Philip This is an introductory article which describes the background,
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