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1 - val a = Array.array(20,""); val a = [ "","","","","","","","","","",\ "","",... ] : string array - Array.update(a,5,"abc"); val it = () : unit - Array.sub(a,5); val it = "abc" : string 9-1

2 - Array.length(a); val it = 20 : int - Array.maxLen; val it = : int - val a=array.fromlist [#"a",#"b",#"c"]; val a=[ #"a",#"b",#"c" ] : char array 9-2

3 0 9 - local val seed = (Random.rand (0,1)) in fun randomint() = (Random.randInt seed) mod 10 end; val randomint = fn : unit -> int - val ar = Array.tabulate (10, fn m=>randomint()); val ar = [ 0,5,1,3,9,7,5,2,6,6 ] : int \ array 9-3

4 swap(ar,i,j): ar[i] ar[j] - fun swap (ar,i,j) = let val iv = Array.sub(ar,i) in (Array.update (ar,i,array.sub(ar,j)); Array.update(ar,j,iv)) end; val swap = fn : a array * int * int -> \ unit - ar; swap(ar,3,5); ar; val ar = [ 0,5,1,3,9,7,5,2,6,6 ] : int \ array val it = () : unit val it = [ 0,5,1,7,9,3,5,2,6,6 ] : int \ array 9-4

5 partition(ar,p,a,b): a b p fun partition (ar,p,a,b) = let val av = Array.sub(ar,a); val bv = Array.sub(ar,b) in case (b<=a, av<=p, p<bv) of (true, _, _ ) => if av<=p then a else a-1 ( _, true, _ ) => partition (ar,p,a+1,b) ( _, _, true) => partition (ar,p,a,b-1) ( _, _, _ ) => (swap(ar,a,b); partition(ar,p,a+1,b-1)) end 9-5

6 fun qsort (ar,i,j) = if j <= i then () else let val pivot = Array.sub(ar,i); val k = partition(ar,pivot,i+1,j); val _ = swap(ar,i,k); in (qsort (ar,i,k-1); qsort (ar,k+1,j)) end fun sort (ar) = qsort (ar, 0, Array.length(ar)-1); - sort(ar); ar; val it = () : unit val it = [ 0,1,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,9 ] : int \ array 9-6

7 - - TextIO.inputLine; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> string \ option - - TextIO.StreamIO.inputLine; val it = fn :?.TextIO.instream -> (st\ ring *?.TextIO.instream) option 9-7

8 ( ) - TextIO TEXT_IO - signature X = TEXT_IO; signature TEXT_IO = sig type vector = string type elem = char type instream type outstream val stdin : instream val stdout : outstream val stderr : outstream val print : string -> unit 9-8

9 - - print "abc\n"; abc val it = () : unit - - str; val it = fn : char -> string - Real.toString; val it = fn : real -> string - Int.toString; val it = fn : int -> string - Bool.toString; val it = fn : bool -> string 9-9

10 ( ) - - TextIO.stdOut; val it = - : TextIO.outstream - TextIO.stdErr; val it = - : TextIO.outstream - output 1 output1 - TextIO.output(TextIO.stdOut, "abc\n"); abc val it = () : unit - TextIO.output1(TextIO.stdOut, #"A"); Aval it = () : unit 9-10

11 - - TextIO.openOut; val it = fn : string -> TextIO.outstream - TextIO.openAppend; val it = fn : string -> TextIO.outstream - TextIO.openIn; val it = fn : string -> TextIO.instream - - TextIO.flushOut; val it = fn : TextIO.outstream -> unit 9-11

12 ( ) - - TextIO.closeOut; val it = fn : TextIO.outstream -> unit - TextIO.closeIn; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> unit 9-12

13 - - TextIO.inputLine(TextIO.stdIn); abc val it = SOME "abc\n" : string option - (elem char vector string ) - TextIO.input1; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> TextIO\.elem option - TextIO.inputN; val it = fn : TextIO.instream * int -> \ TextIO.vector - TextIO.inputLine; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> string\ option 9-13

14 ( ) - - TextIO.lookahead; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> TextI\ O.elem option - - TextIO.endOfStream; val it = fn : TextIO.instream -> bool 9-14

15 - structure S=TextIO.StreamIO; structure S : TEXT_STREAM_IO? - S.inputLine; val it = fn :?.TextIO.instream -> (st\ ring *?.TextIO.instream) option - tmp.txt abc def 9-15

16 ( ) - - val st = TextIO.getInstream(TextIO.o\ penin("tmp.txt")); val st = - :?.TextIO.instream - val SOME (a,st1) = S.inputLine(st); val a = SOME "abc\n" : string val st1 = - :?.TextIO.instream - val SOME (a,st2) = S.inputLine(st1); val a = SOME "def\n" : string val st2 = - :?.TextIO.instream - S.inputLine(st1); val it = SOME ("def\n",-) : (string * \?.TextIO.instream) option 9-16

17 OS (OS.FileSys ) signature OS_FILE_SYS = sig type dirstream val opendir : string -> dirstream val readdir : dirstream -> string val closedir : dirstream -> unit val chdir : string -> unit val getdir : unit -> string val mkdir : string -> unit val rmdir : string -> unit val islink : string -> bool val readlink : string -> string val fullpath : string -> string val realpath : string -> string val modtime : string -> Time.time val settime : string * Time.time option -> unit end 9-17

18 ( ) - getdir: - structure F=OS.FileSys; structure F : OS_FILEOS_FILE_SYSSYS - F.getDir(); val it = "/home/s/lecture" : string - realpath: - F.realPath "./side1.c"; val it = "side1.c" : string - fullpath: - F.fullPath "./side1.c"; val it = "/home/s/lecture/side1.c"\ : string 9-18

19 ( ) - modtime: (1970 ) - F.modTime "side1.c"; val it = TIME {sec= ,usec=0} \ : Time.time - Date.fromTimeLocal it; val it = DATE {day=15,hour=12,isdst=some false, minute=51,month=dec,offset=none, second=1,wday=fri,yday=348, year=2006} : Date.date 9-19

20 ( ) - - F.setTime ("xx", SOME(Time.now()) ); val it = () : unit - F.modTime "xx"; val it = TIME {sec= ,usec=0} :\ Time.time 9-20

21 ( ) - opendir: - val dir = F.openDir(F.getDir()); val dir = DS {dirstrm=-,isopen=ref true}\ :?.OS_FileSys.dirstream - readdir: - F.readDir dir; val it = "gofer.tex" : string - F.readDir dir; val it = "automaton" : string 9-21

22 (OS.Path ) (OS ) signature OS_PATH = sig val parentarc : string val currentarc : string val validvolume : {isabs:bool, vol:string} -> bool val fromstring : string -> {arcs:string list, isabs:bool, vol:string} val tostring : {arcs:string list, isabs:bool, vol:string} -> string val getvolume : string -> string val getparent : string -> string val splitdirfile : string -> {dir:string, file:string} val joindirfile : {dir:string, file:string} -> string val splitbaseext : string -> {base:string, ext:string option} val joinbaseext : {base:string, ext:string option} -> string val isabsolute : string -> bool val isrelative : string -> bool val isroot : string -> bool end 9-22

23 ( ) - - structure P=OS.Path; structure P : OS_PATH - P.fromString("/home/s/lecture"); val it = {arcs=["home","s","lecture"], isabs=true,vol=""} : {arcs:string list, isabs:bool, vol:string} - P.toString it; val it = "/home/s/lecture" : string - P.getParent it; val it = "/home/s" : string isabs: vol: 9-23

24 ( ) - - P.splitDirFile "/home/s/side1.c"; val it = {dir="/home/s",file="side1.c"} : {dir:string, file:string} - P.joinDirFile it; val it = "/home/s/side1.c" : string - - P.splitBaseExt "side1.c"; val it = {base="side1",ext=some "c"} : {base:string, ext:string option} - P.joinBaseExt it; val it = "side1.c" : string 9-24

25 (Unix ) signature UNIX = sig type proc val executeinenv : string * string list * string list -> proc val execute : string * string list -> proc val streamsof : proc -> TextIO.instream * TextIO.outstream val reap : proc ->?.POSIX_Process.exit_status val kill : proc *?.POSIX_Signal.signal -> unit end 9-25

26 ( ) - structure U=Unix; structure U : UNIX - val p=u.execute("/bin/ls",[]); val p = PROC {ins=-,outs=-,pid=pid 599}\ : Unix.proc - val (inst,outst)= U.streamsOf p; val inst = - : TextIO.instream val outst = - : TextIO.outstream - TextIO.inputAll(inst); val it = "automaton\ngofer.dvi#" : \ TextIO.vector - U.reap p; val it = W_EXITED :?.POSIX_Process.exi\ t_status 9-26

27 - fun (name: string, args: string list) = ( ; OS.Process.success ); name: args:

28 ( ) - SMLofNJ.exportFn: - fun check (x, args) = = (print (x ^ "\n"); = map (fn x=> print (x ^ "\n")) args; = OS.Process.success); val check = fn : string * string list -> OS.Process.status - SMLofNJ.exportFn; val it = fn : string * (string * string \ list -> OS.Process.status) -> unit - SMLofNJ.exportFn("check",check); Process sml finished check.x86-bsd 9-28

29 ( ) - Fri21> 1 ab /usr/local/bin/sml 1 ab 9-29

PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation 練習問題 8 の解答例プログラミング D 大阪大学基礎工学部情報科学科中田明夫 nakata@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp プログラミング D -ML- 1 次の関数の型を推論しその理由を説明せよ fun foo (a,b,c,d:real) = if ab then c else d; 引数 a,b,c,dの型をそれぞれ 'a,'b,'c,'dとおく