Greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) sensor and satellite system
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1 Status of GOSAT development and operation plan Kei Shiomi, Akihiko Kuze, Hiroshi Suto, Shuji Kawakami, Masakatsu Nakajima, Takashi Hamazaki Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency First IASI Conference, Anglet, France, 15 Nov.,
2 Contents Introduction GOSAT Satellite System TANSO FTS and CAI Instruments GOSAT Operation Plan Collaboration Activities Summary & Announcement 2
3 Introduction Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite Monitoring the global distribution of Green House Gases (GHGs) Joint project Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Ministry of Environment (MOE) National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Launch schedule: Dec Status of sensor development EM integration and test: finished in Sep PFM integration and test: schedule to complete in Dec
4 Mission Target To observe CO 2 and CH 4 column and profile at km spatial scale (with pointing mechanism) with relative accuracy of 1% for CO 2 (4 ppmv, 3 month average) (target 1ppmV) and 2% for CH 4. during the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008 to 2012). To reduce sub-continental scale CO 2 annual flux estimation errors by half 0.54 GtC/yr 0.27 GtC/yr 4
5 Organization MOE Algorithms development Data use for science Validation NIES Satellite: JAXA Mission Instruments: Sensor development Satellite development H-IIA launch Satellite operation Data acquisition Calibration 5
6 GOSAT Satellite 6
7 Satellite Specification Size Main body 3.7 m x 1.8 m x 2.0 m (Wing Span 13.7m) Mass Total 1750kg Power Total 3.8 KW (EOL) Life Span Orbit Launch 5 years sun synchronous orbit Local time 13:00+/-0:15 Altitude Inclination Re-visit Vehicle 666km 98deg 3 days H-IIA Schedule
8 Satellite Configuration Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation TANSO-FTS TANSO-CAI SWIR and TIR FTS UV, Visible, SWIR Cloud and Aerosol imager 8
9 TANSO-FTS 9
10 TANSO-FTS Specifications Ground Pointing Mechanism and Fore optics Fourier Transform Spectrometer Configuration 2-axes scanner (fully redundant) for ground pointing and calibration Scanning Cross Track (+/-35 ) Along Track (+/-20 ) Field of view Speed Spectral band 1P, 1S IFOV <10.5 km 790 km (CT width) (latitude of 30 ) 0.25, 0.5, 1 (Interferogram)/s Coverage (µm) resolution(cm -1 ) cm -1 spacing (+/- 2.5 cm MOPD) Detector Si InGaAs InGaAs PC-MCT Calibration Solar Irradiance, Deep Space, Moon, Blackbody, Diode Laser (1.55 micron, ILS) Deep space 2P, 2S 3P, 3S 4 10
11 TANSO-FTS Observation Targets Gases min (μm) max (μm) Band O CO CH H 2 O CO H 2 O CH O CO CO
12 TANSO-FTS Configuration Scene Flux Diffused direct solar light Cooler TIR-det Pre-amplifier SWIR-DET Blackbody Aft optics Deep Space Input optics Pointing Mechanism Fold mirror Optical path switch FTS-modulator Monitor Camera Optical Bench 12
13 TANS-FTS Aft-Optics Band4 MCT(TIR) DF3 DF2 DF1 Modulated light by the FTS Pulse tube cooler BPF3 BPF2 BPF 1 Band3 InGaAs (P,S) Thermo-electric coolers Band2 InGaAs (P,S) SWIR Band1 Si (P,S) DF : Dichroic Filter BPF: Band Pass Filter The modulated light by the FTS is divided into four spectral bands with dichroic filters. The SWIR bands lights are divided into two detectors with the polarization beam splitters. The InGaAs detectors are cooled with thermo-electric coolers. The TIR light is collected on the MCT detector, which is cooled with the pulse tube cooler. 13
14 Pre-flight Test Items Item Signal to Noise Ratio Instrument Line Shape Function (shape and wavelength) Radiometric Response (Non liner correction if exists) IFOV (Response distribution within a pixel if exists) Diffuser BRDF Onboard Laser temperature dependency Response Stability Stray Light Micro-vibration Configuration Halogen lamp Integrating Sphere (SWIR) Large Aperture Cavity Blackbody in TVT (TIR) Ar lamp Integrating Sphere and Tunable diode laser Fix Point Blackbody and Integrating Sphere Large Aperture Cavity Blackbody (TIR) Collimator with Alignment test Spherical Distributed Detectors Wavelength meter Halogen lamp Integrating Sphere and light source monitoring radiometers Halogen lamp Integrating Sphere and CO 2 cell Ar lamp Integrating Sphere and Shaker 14
15 CO2 cell measurements No stray light source With stray light source Stray light Stray light effect far from FOV Measurement of saturated CO 2 absorptions whether no change or going-up No significant AC stray light Spectral calibration Laser wavelength precision ~10-6 Spectral accuracy ~ 4x10-3 cm -1 15
16 TANSO-CAI 16
17 TANSO-CAI TANSO-CAI is operated together with TANSO-FTS detect aerosol spatial distribution and cloud coverage retrieve scattering spectral characteristics of aerosol Band No. Observation Band (nm) Center Wavelength (nm) Spatial Resolution (IFOV) (km) FOV (km) No. of Pixels (cross track)
18 GOSAT Operation Plan 18
19 Operation Modes Solar Irradiance Cal. Lunar Cal FTS SWIR & CAI Solar Flux FTS TIR Observation Mode (Dayside land & Nightside) Sun Glint Pointing Mode (Dayside ocean) 19
20 Pointing and Foot prints FTS IFOV=10.5 km CAI IFOV=0.5, 1.5 km GOSAT TANSO-CAI Swath 900 km Crosstrack pattern km Distance bet. points (at 30 in latitude) Exposure (s) km 4x km 4x km km km 1 Satellite Direction (Along Track) Cross Track 20
21 TANSO-FTS Data Flow M1 Light source FTS Detector M2: Moving Mirror Inverse FFT Interferogram (L1A) ground average (16 samples) wavenumber (cm-1) Spectra (L1B) Column and profile for each exposure (L2) Global distribution (L3) Source and sink of 64 area (L4) 21
22 Data Distribution of TANSO-FTS L1A HDF5 format Interferogram L1B HDF5 format L2 HDF5 format L3 NETCDF format average (16 samples) wavenumber (cm-1) XCO 2 = molecule/cm 2 (sample) XCH 4 = molecule/cm 2 (sample) Normalized GOSAT BBM Instrument Line Shape Function Simulator <Theoretical Spectra>X<ILSF>=<Measured Spectra> 6000 cm-1 Un-apodized (SINC-FUNC) 15.8 mrad offset X=0.12 deg 1.0 Weighted Average cm-1 (TANSO-FTS-SWIR) Earth Albedo: Measured spectra((raw spectra)by (Instrument line shape)) divided by solar irradiance measured by onboard solar diffuser (TANSO-FTS-TIR) Spectral radiance ILSF (Instrument Line Shape Function) is also provided. (SWIR) Column amount using differential absorption (TIR) vertical profile Global distribution of CO 2,CH 4 (every 3 days and monthly mean) L4 NETCDF format Source and sink distribution of 64 area 22
23 Data Distribution of TANSO-CAI L1A HDF5 format L1B HDF5 format L2 HDF5 format L3 HDF5 format Raw digital data Parameters for geometrical and radiometric calibration Calibrated radiance Geolocation resampling Physical parameters of cloud property (amount, coverage) and aerosol property (type, particle size, optical thickness) Global distribution of radiance cloud and aerosol (every 3 days) 23
24 Preparation of Post-launch Cal/Val Scene selection for Radiance comparison with other similar sensor and DB simulation Geolocation Cal/Val locations 24
25 Master Schedule Operation phase and Data release Launch date: Dec., 2008 Initial operation: L~L+6 M Initial check-out Cal/Val phase Normal operation: L+6 M~ L1 release: L+6 M~ L2 release: L+9 M~ Nominal lifetime: 5 years Research announcement and Science plan 1 year before launching 25
26 GOSAT (JAXA) OCO (NASA) Spectrometer Fourier Grating Collaboration Activities Spatial coverage Mechanical pointing Imaging Spectral coverage Wide Limited with single spectrometer 3 spectral channels Target CO 2, CH 4 CO 2 Validation and pre launch calibration Data base Common target Share 26
27 Collaboration items with OCO Cross calibration in PFT Intercomparison with calibrated standard radiometers and integrating spheres Data exchange Line parameters Cal/Val datasets of ground-based measurements (ex. Solar spectra, CO 2 column and profile) Observation data Activities Cal/Val experiments (ex. Park Falls, Railroad Valley) 27
28 Methodology of Cross Calibration 0.76 μm 1.6 μm 2.0 μm Fixed-point Blackbody Preparatory experiment : Aug., 2007 The GOSAT standard radiometers and integrating sphere are evaluated by comparison with AIST standard light sources. X-cal at JPL : Feb, 2008 X-cal in Japan : 2008 Collaboration with AIST 28
29 Summary & Announcement Summary The satellite and sensor EM test has been completed. Currently, the PFM is integrated and will be characterized. We prepare the post-launch operation plan of GOSAT. We collaborate with OCO group for some items and activities have started. Announcement Research announcement has been prepared and will be released soon. The GOSAT science plan will be distributed. Please apply the Cal/Val activities of L1/L2, various data application of L1/L2 and more higher data for your purposes. Welcome to GOSAT project! 29
30 Advantage of GOSAT Simultaneous observations of SWIR and TIR spectra SWIR target is dayside over land and ocean with sun glint tracking. TIR target is dayside and nightside. Cloud and aerosol observation with higher resolution than FTS Other topics Polarization Other trace gases Cloud property by simultaneous observation of UV-TIR Different local time observation of IASI(9:30), and GOSAT(13:00) But, the same place observation together and comparison 30
GOSAT (JAXA) JAXA NASA, ESA JAXA 1
27 271119 (GOSATGOSAT-2 Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) JAXA Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 0 GOSAT (JAXA) 2005.8.1 JAXA NASA, ESA JAXA 1 2 2 GOSAT JAXA JAXA (NASA, ESA) JAXA GOSAT NIES 2
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