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1 The 4 th ITPU International Seminar Airport Congestion Issues Theory and Practices Panel Discussion 09/03/19 (Thu) Sanjo Conference Hall, U-tokyo K. Hihara 1
2 第 4 回 ITPU 国際セミナー 空港の混雑を巡る課題 その理論と実務 パネル ディスカッション 09/03/19 ( 木 ) 東大 本郷キャンパス 山上会館 日原勝也 2
3 Panelists J. Brueckner University of California Irvine Y. Yasuda GRIPS H. Fukui Ehime University Y. Shinohara MLIT A. Yasujima JAL S. Fujimura ANA Y. Mutou STARFLYER K. Hihara ITPU, GraSPP, U-Tokyo (moderator) 3
4 パネリスト ブルックナー教授 UC Irvine 安田助教授 政策研究大学院大学 福井准教授 愛媛大学 篠原課長 国土交通省 安嶋部長 日本航空 藤村部長 全日空 武藤常務取締役 スターフライヤー 日原 ITPU, 東京大学公共政策大学院 (moderator) 4
5 From Panel Discussion of the 3 rd ITPU Seminar (07/2007) (Transport Congestion Policy) Material for ITPU the 4 th International Seminar Panel Discussion 03/19/2009 5
6 前回 (2007 年 7 月 ) の パネルディスカッションの内容 ( 交通混雑をめぐる政策展開 ) 第 4 回 ITPU 国際セミナー パネルディスカッション用 2009/03/19 6
7 Discussion Points (Examples) from the 3 rd Seminar Network Consideration Inter-Modal Consideration Revenue Issues Airport Regulation Issues Policy Implementation Design Issues Intra-Modal Competition Condition (Japan) Air-Transport Specific Issues (Japan) 7
8 前回の議論のポイント ( 例 ) ネットワークへの配慮 他モードとの関係の考慮 収入 (Revenue) に関する課題 空港の規制の課題 実施政策のデザインに関する課題 航空モード内の競争条件 ( 日本 ) 航空輸送独自の課題 ( 日本 ) 8
9 Network Consideration Market approach increases aircraft size and flight distance (hence large aircrafts and long-haul routes) at congested airport. Preferential treatment is needed for consideration other than efficiency? especially for local community air service / short-haul market 9
10 ネットワークへの配慮 市場アプローチをとると 混雑空港で航空機のサイズ大きく 路線距離の長いものが増える ( 機材の大型化と長距離路線化 ) 効率性以外に特別の配慮をする必要があるのではないか? 特に 地方空港路線 / 近距離路線 10
11 Inter-Modal Consideration? Competition between air and high-speed train (HST) in Japan is real on trunk routes. Much denser operations of HST have no congestion charge. In EU, rivalry between air (LCC) and highspeed train is noticed to new perspective for regulation. Need inter-modal consideration for congestion policy? 11
12 他モードとの関係の考慮? 日本では幹線において新幹線と航空が競争する状況大量で高密度の輸送を行っている新幹線では混雑料金を徴収していない EU においては 航空 (LCC) と高速鉄道の関係に着目して規制の方向性を考えるべきとの議論も 混雑に関する政策においても モード間の競争を考慮する必要があるか? 12
13 Revenue Issues Slot trading brings no revenue for airports for capacity increase Slot auction could be better than slot trading? Spending is needed for soft items, like payment to noise ridden community, to increase operational capacity 13
14 収入 (Revenue) に関する課題 スロットの取引では空港に収入が得られず施設の拡張等に使用できない スロットオークションの方が スロット取引より望ましいのか? 得られた収入は 騒音被害を受ける地域対策に用いるなど ソフト な対策に使用して 運用上の容量を拡大すべきとの議論も 14
15 Airport Regulation Issues Usually airports have both aeronautical and commercial operations. Dual-till / rate-of-return regulation on aeronautical operation only could be preferable. 15
16 空港の規制の課題 通常 ( 民営 ) 空港では 航空系と非航空系の両方が運営されている 非航空系を区別し 航空系の運営のみに料金等の規制をかける Dual-till / rate-of-return の規制が望ましいとの議論あり 16
17 Policy Implementation Design Issues Incumbent carriers always vehemently oppose to auction for cost increases concerns Need good policy design to lessen their concerns and to actually implement market approach policy. (US stalemate shows the need for such policy design?) 17
18 実施政策のデザインに関する課題 オークションに対しては コスト負担を恐れ 現に就航中のエアラインから強硬な反対がなされる マーケット アプローチを導入するにあたっては エアラインの懸念を軽減するような実施政策のデザインが重要となる ( 米国においてオークションの導入議論が止まっている状況はこのようなデザインの必要性の証左?) 18
19 Intra-Modal Competition Condition (in Japan)? New entrants (small fleet size) are handicapped by safety, airport and other costs. = Small fleet size of new entrant means high cost per seat mile. (high cost low fare!) The reason for special treatment of new-entrants (especially in Japan)? 19
20 航空モード内の競争条件 ( 日本 ) 新規航空会社は 機材数も少なく 既存の航空企業と同様の安全関連 空港関連その他のコストを負担せざるを得ない現状 ( 座席マイルで計ると高コストになるー high cost low fare carrier!) こうした事情により 新規航空会社のために特別の取り扱いをすべきか?( 特に日本において ) 20
21 Air-Transport Specific Issue Air passengers are not same as drivers on congested roads - not very conscious of congestion (especially in Japan)? Air passengers are more resistant to congestion charges? (Airlines find it difficult to pass on new congestion cost to passengers? ) 21
22 航空輸送独自の課題 ( 日本 ) 航空旅客は 高速道路上の運転者と違い 空港全体の混雑をあまり意識していないのではないか ( 特に日本において )? 航空旅客は その分 混雑料金により反発するのではないか? ( エアラインも新たな混雑料のコストを旅客に転嫁することが難しいと考えるのではないか? ) 22
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