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1 PKO ( 6 ) PKO PKO PKO UNPROFOR 2 UNOSOM II PKO PKO robust peacekeeping PKO PKO PKO PKO 117

2 - - 1 PKO 2 PKO 4 PKO 118

3 PKO ,757 10,764 10, PKO PKO [Bullion 2001] Krishnasamy PKO PKO USI PKO Satish Nambiar Dipankar Banerjee PKO PKO [ 2005][ 2009] PKO [Prakash and Nandini 2005: 12] PKO 94 PKO PKO 7 PKO 119

4 PKO ( ) 1 UNNRC ,000 2 UNMIC ,000 3 UNEFI ,000 4 UNOGIL ONUC ( ) 2 Bde Gps & Regional Cdr. SRSG 12,000 6 UNSF UNYOM UNFICYP Police 3 9 DOMREP UNIFIL Bn Gp & SO 5, UNIMOG UNAVEM-I (1989) UNMOs 8 13 UNTAG (1989) FC & SO 2 14 UNIKOM ONUCA UNAVEM-II (1991) COS & UNMOs 9 17 ONUSAL UNAMIC UNPROFOR UNTAC , UNOSOM-II ( ) Bde Gp & SP 7, UNOMOZ (1992) Engr/HQ/LGS Coy SO & UNMOs UNOMIL (1993) UNMOs 17 UNMLT/ 24 UNSGRC Bn, Engr & Sig 25 UNAMIR ( ) Coy/COS/SO/UNMO 1,

5 26 UNAMIH (1993) Civil Police UNAVEM-III ( ) Bn Gp, Engr Coy/SO & UNMOs/DFC 2, UNMIBH (1997) UNOMSIL (1998) CMO, UNMO, Med Team MONUA ( ) Mech Coy, Sos & UNMOs UNAMSIL ( ) FC. Sect Cdr & Tps 4, UNAMIK (2000-) UNMEE = (2001-) Tps, UNMOs & Sos 5, MONUC (1999-) Tps, Police & MO 4, UNMA (2002) Los 2 36 UNGCI (2000-) 2 37 UNOCI (Feb.2004-) MO 8 38 UNOB (Aug ) Sos & UNMOs 8 39 UNMIS (March ) Tps, Police & MO 2, UNDOF (1974-) 2006 Tps UNMIL (Sept ) Police MINUSTAH (Apr 2004-) Police UNMIT (Aug 2006-) Police, MO 16 74,077 Sumit Ganguly, et. al. eds., US-Indian Strategic Cooperation into the 21st Century, Routledge,2006 p.205;

6 1 PKO Custodian Force India Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission [Ministry of Defence (MOD) 1976a] 60 Para Field Ambulance [Singh 1993: ] ,000 [SarDesai 1968: 55] ONUC PKO our people be invited 122

7 [MOD 1976b] PKO 2 2 PKO PKO [MOD : 22] UNIFIL [MOD : 25] 3 PKO PKO PKO PKO [MOD : 31] PKO 123

8 PKO [MOD : 170] PKO PKO 2 PKO PKO PKO PKO PKO exit strategy PKO 3 87 IPKF PKO PKO 124

9 PKO PKO PKO UNPROFOR UNPROFOR [ ] UNPROFOR PKO UNPROFOR 95 8 NATO [ 2002: 60-65][ 2005: 47-53] UNPROFOR NATO [Cohen 2001: 133] UNPROFOR UNPROFOR UNPROFOR UNPROFOR [Nambiar 1999] 125

10 2 UNOSOM II UNOSOMII [ ] UNSOMII 5 5,000 1 [ ] PKO 2 UNPROFOR UNITAF [ ] UNITAF UNOSOMI 95 2 UNOSOMII 2 [ ] 2 3 [ ] UNOSOMII [India Today, August 31, 1994] winning hearts and minds Counter Insurgency Operation UNAMSIL UNAMSIL 1, ,

11 [Paris Agence Presse, February 15, 2001] PKO PKO UNASMIL 9 UNAMSIL PKO PKO [Joint Statement, September 15, 2000] PKO MONUC 1999 MONUC [ [Press Trust of India, July 19, 2004.] [BBC, April 28, 2008; The Hindu, May 28, 2008; Nov 26, 2008] [Indian Express, May 22, 2009]

12 ( MONUC [Hindustan Times, Feb 2, 2010] [Prakash and Nandini, p.14] 4 PKO PKO 2 PKO PKO 1 1 PKO 1 1 ONUC 2 PKO world body PKO PKO solidarity PKO noted [MEA ] PKO 128

13 PKO 2000 PKO PKO Joint Working Group on UN PKO 11 PKO PKO [Joint Statement, September 15, 2000] 98 PKO PKO PKO USI(United Service Institute of India) Centre for UN Peacekeeping ARF PKO 7 [Remarks of U.S. Ambassador to India, February 10, 2003, Washington File] PKO robust peacekeeping PKO essential 2004 [MEA : 105] PKO PKO 129

14 PKO UNPROFOR [MEA : 86] chef de cabinet 1 PKO PKO PKO Standing UN Rapid Deployment Force [Nambiar 2006: ] [Nambiar 2006: 530] PKO PKO PKO 130

15 1 Monthly Summary of Contributions, [Banerjee 2005: 26-27] 4 PKO [ 2009] 131

16 , [1994] 22 1 (7 ) PKO [1998] [2002] PKO [2005] PKO [2009] PKO Ahmed, Ali, Lt. Col [2004] MONUC and India s Peacekeeping Concerns, USI Journal, No. 555, Jan-March, pp Banerjee, Dipankar [2005] Current Trends in UN Peacekeeping, a Perspective from Asia, International Peacekeeping, Vol.12, No.1, Spring, pp Banerjee, Dipankar & Ramesh Thakur. [2006] Emerging challenges in UN peacekeeping operations : an Indo-Japanese dialogue, New Delhi : Sanskriti, Banerjee, Dipankar [2008] South Asia: Contributors of Global Significance, Donald C.F. Daniel, et. al. eds., Peace Operations: Trends, Progress, and Prospects, Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press. Bullion, Alan [2001] India in Sierra Leone: A case of muscular peacekeeping? International Peacekeeping, Volume =8 - v88, Issue 4 Winter. pp Choudhry, Shantonu [2006] The Future of Indo-US Cooperation in Multilateral and Bilateral Peacekeeping Operations, Ganguly, Sumit et. al. eds., US-Indian Strategic Cooperation into the 21st Century, Routledge. 132

17 Cohen, Stephen [2001] India: Emerging Power, Washington, D.C.: Brooking Institution Press. Inder Singh, Anita [1993] The Limits of British Influence: South Asia and Anglo-American Relationship, , London: Pinter Publishers & NY: St. Martin Press. Jetley, V. K., Lt. Gen.(Retd.) [2007] Op Khukri - The United Nations Operation Fought in Sierra Leone, in two parts, USI Journal, No. 567 & 568, Jan-March & Apr-June. Krishnasamy, Kabilan [2001] 'Recognition' for Third World peacekeepers: India and Pakistan, International Peacekeeping, Volume =8 - v88, Issue 4, Winter. pp Krishnasamy, Kabilan [2002] Pakistan's Peacekeeping Experiences, International Peacekeeping, Vol 9, No. 3, Autumn. pp Krishnasamy, Kabilan [2003] The Paradox of India s Peacekeeping, Contemporary South Asia, 12(2), June. Ministry of External Affairs, Annual Report,. Ministry of Defence, Annual Report,. Ministry of Defence, Historical Section, [1976a] History of the Custodian Force (India), in Korea: Ministry of Defence, Historical Section, [1976b] The Congo Operation: Nambiar, Satish [1999] United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Problems and Prospects, A Paper presented at an International Seminar, New Delhi, March 17-19, Nambiar, Satish [2004] South Asian Contributions to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, with Particulat Reference to India s Participation, in Ramesh Thakur and Oddny Wiggen, eds., South Asia in the World : Problem Solving Perspectives on Security, Sustainable Development, and Good Governance, The United Nations University. Nambiar, Satish [2006] Robust Peacekeeping Operations, Rapid Deployment Capability for the UN: An Indian Perspective, USI Journal, No. 566, pp Nambiar, Satish [2009] For the Honour of India: A History of Indian Peacekeeping, USI. Prakash, B. S. and K. Nandini [2005] Issues and Challenges in Modern Peace Operations, Strategic Analysis, 29(1), Jan-Mar, pp SarDessai, D.R. [1968] Indian Foreign Policy in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, , Berkeley: University of California Press. 133

18 134

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