In this paper, the author discusses the significance of Indus type seals having a right-facing animal motif on their obverse side (i.e. the animal fac

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1 In this paper, the author discusses the significance of Indus type seals having a right-facing animal motif on their obverse side (i.e. the animal faces left when impressed). A Design System model is proposed focusing on designs depicted on Indus type seals. In the majority of cases, defined as Design System A, the animal faces left along with two to five scripts or short inscriptions above the animals. However, there are a group of seals with animals facing to the right. These are mentioned for comparative analysis in order to find out their significance. It has become evident that these seals are concentrated specifically along the Ghaggar Basin in the north-west region of India. Furthermore, defined as Design System B, the seals with animals facing to the right have Indus scripts and a boss on the reverse side, both of which are different from those of the Design System A. It is suggested that this represents regional diversity within Indus type seals or the Indus civilization. Based on this fact, the social and economic structure of Harappan culture can be considered to exhibit regional diversity in Indus type seals. Previous analysis of regional diversity suggests Harappan culture most probably experienced renewal during diffusion into peripheral areas and was adapted by regional cultures. The diffusion of Harappan culture (i.e. Indus type seals, Harappan pottery style, etc.) represented by this seal transformation was a peaceful process. In such a way, Harappan culture acted as an important transmitter of ideology within the Indus civilization. It seems likely that the seals having a right-facing animal motif can be evaluated on the strength of the role of Harappan culture discussed in this paper. Key-words: Indus type seal, Design System, Indus civilization, Harappan culture, cultural tradition of urbanized society

小茄子川歩右向きのモチーフが刻まれたインダス式印章 ࢲࢫᘧ༳❶ ᆅᇦ ฟᅵ ( ィ=1628) 1014 ࢩ ᆅ᪉ 398㸦㸧 ࢪ す㒊ᆅ᪉ 58㸦㸧 44 9 2 99 2㸦 ࢩ 㸧 2 14㸦㝖እ㸧 ࢪ ᮾ㒊ᆅ᪉ ᕝὶᇦ ࢫࢱ ᆅ᪉ ࢦ ᆅ᪉ ࢢࢪ ᆅ᪉ ࡑ ᆅ᪉ ฟᅵᆅ ࢯ ࢱ ኸ ࢪ ショルトゥガイ ڦ ゴヌール ڦ アルティンデペ㸨ᆅᇦ 㛵 ᅗ ཧ ニップールウンマ ڦ

ڦ ロータルイラン南西部マクラーンを含む編年表バローチスターンインダス平原ガッガル川流域を含むハラッパー 1A ジェムデッドナスル期初期王朝期 I 初期王朝期 II シャフリソフタ I バンプール I II ミリカラート IIIA シャフリソフタ II バンプール III IV ミリカラート IIIB シャフリソフタ III バンプール V ミリカラート IIIC

2600BCE 500 KM 図1 3000BCE ハラッパー 1B 移行期ハラッパー式土器成立段階ハラッパー 2 チャヌフダロⅠa インダス式印章の考案発明デザインシステムの確立サイズカテゴリーの序列化ハラッパー式土器古段階ニンドーワリハラッパー 3A モヘンジョダロ A 期ナウシャロー II チャヌフダロⅠb アムリーⅢA ファルマーナー II 初期王朝期 IIIB

3 小茄子川歩右向きのモチーフが刻まれたインダス式印章 ࢲࢫᘧ༳❶ ᆅᇦ ฟᅵ ( ィ=1628) 1014 ࢩ ᆅ᪉ 398㸦㸧 ࢪ す㒊ᆅ᪉ 58㸦㸧㸦 ࢩ 㸧 2 14㸦㝖እ㸧 ࢪ ᮾ㒊ᆅ᪉ ᕝὶᇦ ࢫࢱ ᆅ᪉ ࢦ ᆅ᪉ ࢢࢪ ᆅ᪉ ࡑ ᆅ᪉ ฟᅵᆅ ࢯ ࢱ ኸ ࢪ ショルトゥガイ ڦ ゴヌール ڦ アルティンデペ㸨ᆅᇦ 㛵 ᅗ ཧ ニップールウンマ ڦ テローウルキシュ ڦڦ ࡇ ࠊ ࢡෆ ࢯ ࢱ ᆅ᪉ Ⅼ ࢲࢫᘧ༳❶ฟᅵ ሗ ࡀ ハラッパー ڦ ナウシャロー ڦ ファイラカテペヤヒヤーモヘンジョダロ ڦڦ カーリーバンガン ڦڦ ミリカラート㸸 ࢲࢫᘧ༳❶ฟᅵ㑇㸦༳ᙳ ฟᅵ 㸧 ە 㸸 ࢲࢫᘧ༳❶ ༳ᙳ㸦ᑒἾ ᢲ 㸧 ฟᅵࡋࡓ㑇 Miles ڦ ラサール-ジュネイズメソポタミア ڦ ドーラーヴィーラー ڦڦ ڦ ロータルイラン南西部マクラーンを含む編年表バローチスターンインダス平原ガッガル川流域を含むハラッパー 1A ジェムデッドナスル期初期王朝期 I 初期王朝期 II シャフリソフタ I バンプール I II ミリカラート IIIA シャフリソフタ II バンプール III IV ミリカラート IIIB シャフリソフタ III バンプール V ミリカラート IIIC 初期王朝期 IIIA ミリカラート IV インダス平原における印章の様相インダス平原で幾何学文印章がみられるメヘルガル V 先ハラッパー文化期メヘルガル VI メヘルガル VII メヘルガル VIIC ナウシャロー IC ナウシャロー ID シャフリソフタ IV(1) 2500BCE 2350BCE ڦ チャヌフダロインダス式印章および印影封泥押捺痕を出土した遺跡の分布表1 2600BCE 500 KM 図1 3000BCE ハラッパー 1B 移行期ハラッパー式土器成立段階ハラッパー 2 チャヌフダロⅠa インダス式印章の考案発明デザインシステムの確立サイズカテゴリーの序列化ハラッパー式土器古段階ニンドーワリハラッパー 3A モヘンジョダロ A 期ナウシャロー II チャヌフダロⅠb アムリーⅢA ファルマーナー II 初期王朝期 IIIB ハラッパー式土器中段階ハラッパー 3B ナウシャロー III 2200BCE 2000BCE アッカド期ウル第 3 王朝期シャフリソフタ IV(0) バンプール IV ハラッパー式土器新段階クッリ文化盛期ナウシャロー IV イシンラルサ期 1800BCE モヘンジョダロ B 期アムリーⅢB ハラッパー 3C モヘンジョダロ B 期上層チャヌフダロⅠc コンベックスタイプや文字のみの印章の使用インダス式印章の消滅アムリーⅢC BMAC 文化ハラッパー 5 BMAC 系印章の出現 17

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10 (mm) (50.0~35.0mm) (35.0~20.0mm) (20.0mm~) (mm)

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Examples of square Indus-type seals found in Mesopotamia, Oman and Turkmenistan, and other locales, are evidence of direct trade with the Indus Civilization. Along with Indus seals, cylinder, circular