AET2 Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Tripos, Part II Thursday 8 June to Paper J11 Modern Japanese 3 Answer all questions. Write your
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1 AET2 Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Tripos, Part II Thursday 8 June to Paper J11 Modern Japanese 3 Answer all questions. Write your number not your name on the cover sheet of each answer booklet. STATIONERY REQUIREMENTS 20 page answer booklet Rough Work Pad SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS TO BE SUPPLIED FOR THIS EXAMINATION None You may not start to read the questions printed on the subsequent pages of this question paper until instructed to do so. AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/1/v1 Page 1 of 6
2 1. Translate the following unseen passage into Japanese (kanji and kana): [35 marks] Easy to recognize but hard to comprehend fully is the remoteness of the Japanese and English languages from one another. In the late 1850s and early 1860s, the need for word-books, or inter-language dictionaries, was quite urgent. The two sets of vocabulary were far from parallel, however; too often, objects and ideas in one society were absent in the other. The invention of equivalences was thus the first critical step in an arduous process of translating English words into Japanese. The assumption of equivalence between two languages at least implies equivalence between the two cultures. The relations between Japan and England were overwhelmingly characterized by differences rather than similarities, however, and such an idea of equivalence was hard to accept and nearly impossible to realize in the practice of translation. Nevertheless, the Japanese felt that it was strategically vital and politically crucial to insist on equivalence and symmetry. The idea of cultural comparability was inextricable from the basic quid pro quo principle of international diplomacy. The fact that an English text could be translated into Japanese, and vice versa, was seen at least partially as an act of demonstrating Japan's cultural compatibility with Britain at a time when the British Empire ruled the world. parallel symmetry inextricable quid pro quo principle compatibility 対応する対称切り離せない同等の対価原理互換性 MASAO MIYOSHI, The Invention of English Literature in Masao Miyoshi and Harry D. Harootunian (eds), Japan in the World (1993), p.277. AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/2/v1 Page 2 of 6
3 2. Read the following unseen text and answer the accompanying questions: [35 marks] 逆植民地 が日本を救う? 社会学者の橋爪大三郎さん提言 1 開発途上国に日本の土地を提供し 移住してもらう そんな大胆なアイデアを 社会学者で東工大名誉教授の橋爪大三郎さんが 日本逆植民地計画 ( 小学館 ) で提言している 荒唐無稽にもみえるが その狙いは何なのか 2 橋爪さんの提言の概略はこうだ 国内の過疎地を 逆植民地 に指定 開発途上国と協定を結び 途上国側がエリア内の施政権を持つ 行政や警察 学校なども移し 移住者は自分たちの言語を使い 自国に近い共同体の中で暮らせるようにする 3 動機は 人口減が進み 格差や分断が広がる日本社会の現状への強い危機感だ 地球規模で資本と技術と産業が再配置されるグローバル化が進む中 新産業が育たないまま 公共投資が続けられ アベノミクスで日銀券を大量に印刷している 国民の間では分裂と憎しみが生まれ 不満が渦巻いている 4 日本の人口は2060 年に8 千万人台まで落ち込むという推計がある 橋爪さんは現在との差から4 千万人まで受け入れ可能とみて 47 都道府県のうち20で50 万 ~100 万人ずつ 計 1 千万 ~2 千万人の受け入れを視野に入れる (TURN OVER) AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/3/v1 Page 3 of 6
4 5 だが 国内からの移住者の呼び込みにも苦労している過疎地に 外国人 は来たがるのか 日本の地方都市はインフラが整っている 水道 電気 道路 港や飛行場も近くにある 安全で伝染病もない そういう地域は途上 国には極めて少ない 日本で技術を学び 大学に進み 人生が発展するチャ ンスも得られる 6 逆植民地はアベノミクスによるマイナス金利政策で金融機関が探してい る投資の受け皿になるとみる 移住者という質の高い労働力に日本の技術 力がある しかも土地は限りなく安い そこに資本が投下されれば産業が起 きないはずがない 人口が増えることで廃業寸前の個人商店やシャッター商 店街は復活し 地域は再生する 7 逆植民地 には日本人も住み 学校や職場 地域で移住者と交流する 構想を描く だがヘイトスピーチなどの動きもある今の日本が 外国人を受 け入れられるのか 8 同じ地域で顔が見える関係になれば 偏見は消えていく と橋爪さ ん 罪を犯す人がいたら移住受け入れの人数を制限するなどペナルティーを 科すことで 途上国側に ちゃんと審査をし すぐれた人材を派遣してもら う 9 橋爪さんは他に 中央官庁の半分を大阪に移転する ダブル首都 や 無人運転で北極海経由で日本と欧州を結ぶ 潜水商船隊 などのアイデアも 著書で披露 日本は崩壊に向かって走っており 新しい発想が必要 とい う 10 版元によると 部数は 1 万部 読者から ユニークだ 検討に値す る 何を考えているんだ などの反響があるという ( 赤田康和 ) Source: Asahi Shimbun, 24 August 2016, p. 3. AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/4/v1 Page 4 of 6
5 問題 : (a) Summarise the above passage in Japanese (kanji and kana). [25 out of 35 marks] (b) Answer in Japanese: なぜ 植民地 という言葉を使い この計画を 逆植民地 と呼んでいるのか その理由を考えて 説明しなさい [ 3 out of 35 marks] (c) Answer in Japanese: 逆植民地 計画と通常の移民導入計画の違いは何か [3 out of 35 marks] (d) Answer in Japanese: 橋爪大三郎が提唱する 逆植民地 について どのようなメリット デメリットがあると思うか あなたの意見を書きなさい [4 out of 35 marks] (TURN OVER) AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/5/v1 Page 5 of 6
6 3. Write an essay in Japanese on the following topic (kanji and kana): [30 marks] Suggest countermeasure(s) against Japan s declining birth rate. END OF PAPER AET2/J11/Modern Japanese 3/6/v1 Page 6 of 6
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