【教】④岩永　定先生【本文】／【教】④岩永　定先生【本文】

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2 self esteem self esteem self esteem VolNo very good good enough self esteem

3 self esteem Project Adventure PA PA PA PA PA Project Adventure, Inc.PAI PA PAI PA PA PA Aberdovey Outward Bound SchoolOBS Holt, L. Hahn, K. OBS

4 Gordonstoun School OBS Miner, J.L. OB OBS PA Hamilton Wenham Junior Senior High SchoolPieh, J. PA OBS PA National Diffusion NetworkNDN NDN PA PA OBS PA PA NDN PA PA NDN NDN PA PAI PA Adventure Based Counseling ABC PA PAJ PAJ PA ABCPAJ Project Adventure, Inc. PA PA PA PA PAJ PA PAMiyagi Adventure Program : MAP MAP PA PAJ

PA OBS PA National Diffusion NetworkNDN NDN PA PA OBS PA PA NDN PA PA NDN NDN PA

5 Comfort Zone Challenge by Choice Ice Breaking De Inhibitizer Full Value Contract PA Full Value Contract Challenge by ChoicePA Have Fun Comfort Zone Comfort Zone PA PA MAP Comfort Zone Ice Breaking De Inhibitizer

Contract Challenge by ChoicePA Have Fun Comfort Zone

6 A B PA C D C PA D C PAJ C PA PA PA C B PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA

7 MAP SAIL MAP PA PAJ MAP MAP PAJ MAP PA PAJ PAJ PA PA PAJ MAPLS MAP PAJ MAPLS MAP PA C

8 C PA PA MAP PAJ PAJ MAPLS MAP PAJ MAPLS PA MAP PAJ PA B MAP PAJ PAJ B

9 B PAJ PAJ PAJ PAJ MAP PAJ PAJ PA MAP MAP PA MAP MAP PA C B PA A:PA PA B C A PA PA C A

10 PA PAJ MAP PA D PA C A PA PA D D PA PA PA C C MAP C A B MAP

11 Q C B Q MAP MAP PA PA PA PA PA PA PA PA OBS PA PA MAP PA MAP

12 MAP MAP PA pp pp pp VolNo p pp p p pp ppsociometer pp Nop pp Schoel, J., Prouty, D., and Radcliffe, P., Islands of Healing : A Guide to Adventure Based Counseling, Massachusetts, Project Adventure, Inc.,, pp.ix xiii. C.S.L. pp.x xiii. Outward Bound pp pp PA pp pp PA Project Adventure pp pp tap tamagawa adventure program pp kap kaijo adventure programpp PA pp PA pp http : //.../a_menu/hyouka/d_kekka/

, Islands of Healing : A Guide to Adventure Based Counseling, Massachusetts, Project Adventure, Inc.

13 /.pdfpa PAJ http : // com/course/course-.htmlpaj Miner, J.L., The Creation of Outward Bound in J.C. Miles and S.Priest eds., Adventure Programming Pennsylvania,Venture Publishing,, p.. http : // Miner, op. cit. Miner, J.L. and Boldt, J., Outward Bound USA : Crew Not Passengers Washington, The Mountaineers Books Miner & Boldt, op. cit., pp.. Prouty, D., Project Adventure : A Brief History in J.C. Miles and S. Priest eds., op. cit., pp.. Miner & Boldt, op. cit., pp.. Prouty, op. cit., pp., Schoel, et al., op. cit., p.. Wickline, Lee, Update on the National Diffusion Network, Educational Leadership, Vol, No.,, pp., Neill, Shirley Boes, The National Diffusion Network : A Success Story Ending? Phi Delta Kappan, Vol, No.,, pp., Neill, Shirley Boes, The National Diffusion Network, Phi Delta Kappan, Vol., No.,, pp., Stalford, Charles B., Issues in Validating Effectiveness of School Improvement Programs, ED. PA, Inc. cprouty, op. cit., p. PA PAI pp http : // PA MAP http : // html MAP C

, Project Adventure : A Brief History in J.C. Miles and S. Priest eds., op. cit., pp.. Miner & Boldt, op. cit., pp.. Prouty, op. cit., pp., Schoel, et al., op. cit., p.. Wickline, Lee, Update on the National Diffusion Network, Educational Leadership, Vol, No.

14 Practices and Problems of the Project Adventure Program in Miyagi Prefecture Focused on theimprovement of Self esteem of Children Sadamu IWANAGA,Tomoko KASHIWAGI,YasukoFUJIOKA Akiyoshi SHIBAYAMA and Yoji HASHIMOTO (Keywords : Cooperation between School Education and Social Education, Self Esteem, Project Adventure Program, Board of Education) There are many problem behavior of children in Japan such as bullying, juvenile delinquency, school violence, vandalism, drug etc. Many factors cause such problems, but we set up a hypothesis that the decline of self esteem of children is very important factor. From this hypothesis and the examination of the precedence research regarding self esteem, we set the following points as the aim of this paper ;to review the history of Project Adventure (PA) program and to grasp of its definition and contents, to grasp present conditions and problems of PA program in Miyagi Prefecture that firstly introduced it in Japan, to search possibilities and limits of Miyagi PA program in the formation of the self esteem of children. As a result of research, we conclude next three points : PA is defined as the formalized process of experiential learning that makes a series of adventurous and challenge activities as the means for intending the change of the consciousness and behavior of students. PA program have been advanced the wide use and qualitative change in the process of the occurrence and diffusion in USA. It diffused partially after PAJ (Project Adventure Japan) is established in in Japan. PA in Miyagi Pref. is being carried out as MAP (Miyagi Adventure Program) under the guidance of PAJ and the fundamental thought is expressed as the cycle of experiential learning. Miyagi Pref. is the only one prefecture which tackles with PA by the board of education as a whole, and promote the program in the cooperation of school education and social education. The program is developed on contents ; training of leaders, enlightenment activities, upgrading of the institutions and equipments, and introduction of PA to the school education activities. However, the training of the leader is restrictive, and training activities are relying on PAJ now. Also, it is very difficult to measure the educational effects of PA program to students. The board of education try to introduce the PA program to all public schools, but some teachers and principals reject the PA program because they doubt its effect. The staffs of board of education think that such teachers and principals do not participate the training and do not understand significance of PA program. But we think there is other reason. In the process of introducing PA program to school education, it decreased elements of adventure that improve the self esteem of children. Fuculty of School Improvement, Naruto University of Education Part-time Lecturer of Ritsumeikan University Part-time Lecturer of Aichi Prefectural University Nagoya College

such as bullying, juvenile delinquency, school violence, vandalism, drug etc.

02-01_原著論文_難波・川本.indd

02-01_原著論文_難波・川本.indd TAP Katsumi Namba, Kazutaka Kawamoto Adventure, Full Value, Challenge by Choice, Adventure Education 15 TAP TAPK-12 TAP 15 Evidenced Based 15 15 15 Evidenced Based TAP TAP TAP Tamagawa Adventure Program

【教】④岩永 定先生【本文】／【教】④岩永 定先生【本文】

【教】④岩永　定先生【本文】／【教】④岩永　定先生【本文】