超大質量ブラックホールのデータ収集とその可視化・分析

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1 (SMBH) SMBH M BH = M Sun (M Sun ) ( ) M BH 10M BH SMBH? SMBH 1 (Magorrian Relation) ( (SMBH) [4] 1) [3, 4] SMBH SMBH [1, 2] 1

2 ( ) ( ) B ( ) [1] [2] SMBH (AGN) ( 2 ) ( ) N H 10 25 cm 2 ( 2 ) AGN SMBH SMBH (AGN

2 2 ( ) ( ) B ( ) [1] [2] SMBH (AGN) ( 2 ) ( ) N H cm 2 ( 2 ) AGN SMBH SMBH (AGN Feedback) AGN Magorrian Relation ( 2 ) AGN AGN SMBH AGN X VO VO AGN VO AGN TOPCAT VO 2

3 * 1 Lubuntu Windows OS 2 TOPCAT TOPCAT 2.1 Linux TOPCAT TOPCAT /usr/local/votools/topcat-full.jar (LXTerminal) java -Xmx512m -jar /usr/local/votools/topcat-full.jar & 512 MB TOPCAT -Xmx512m 256 MB 512 MB 1024 MB (-Xmx1024m) * 2 $HOME/.bashrc VOTOOLS=/usr/local/votools alias topcat="java -Xmx512m -jar $VOTOOLS/topcat-full.jar" topcat & TOPCAT *1 (N : 1 ) (1 : N ) VO * MB (=1 GB) 3 GB 2 GB 3

2.2 SDSS DR-7 Quasar Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS-DR7) Quasar 1. 2.

4 2.2 SDSS DR-7 Quasar Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS-DR7) Quasar Row Selection All Rows Maximum Row Count: unlimited 3. Catalogue Selection By Keyword Keywords: 4

5 sdss quasar Enter Search Catalogues 4. The SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2010) OK SDSS DR-7 Quasar VII 260 dr7qso VII 260 table5 2 XMM-Newton XMM-Newton 5 5 5

6 1. Table List VII 260 dr7qso 2. (Visible ) RAJ2000 DEJ2000 SDSS z umag gmag rmag imag zmag (Visible ) 3. VII 260 table5 RAJ2000 DEJ2000 SDSS z umag 6

7 gmag rmag imag zmag Base Table: 1: VII 260 dr7qso Appended Table: 2: VII 260 table5 Concatenate concat(1+2) 7

8 6. Joins Internal Match 7. Match Criteria Max Error: 5.0( ) Table Table: 3: concat(1+2) Action Eliminate All Grouped Rows Go 4: matched 8

9 8. Table List 4: matched Current Table Properties Label: SDSS-DR7 QSOs Enter *3 Table List 4: SDSS-DR7 QSOs SDSS DR7 Quasar SDSS-DR7 QSOs File Discard Table(s) *3 Enter 9

10 2.3 2XMMi-DR3 XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue Data Release 3 (2XMMi- DR3) SDSS Keywords: xmm dr3 2XMMi-DR3 2XMMi- DR3 1 SDSS Current Table Properties Label: 2XMMi-DR3 Enter 2.4 2XMMi-DR3 X X AGN SDSS Quasar AGN Match Criteria Max Error: XMM-Newton 5 Table 1 SDSS-DR7 QSOs Table 2 2XMMi-DR3 Output Rows Match Selection: Best match, symmetric Join Type: 1 and 2 10

11 3. Go 4. Current Table Properties Label: SDSS-XMM-QSOs Enter 2.5 XMM AGN Redshift XMM AGN Redshift 1. SDSS-XMM-QSOs 11

12 2. Table: SDSS-XMM-QSOs X Axis: z 3. z TOPCAT TOPCAT 1 (fits ) 1. 12

13 2. Session Output Format: fits-plus Filestore Browser 3. (.fits ) OK agn table.fits 3 AGN AGN X 10 kev 13

14 ( ) σ(e) E 3 (E ) X X X E 0 E E 0 : H E < E 0 : S AGN H > S Hardness Ratio (HR) *4 HR H S H + S 2 HR (HR 1, HR 2 ) HR 2 /HR 1 HR 1 HR 2 2 2XMMi-DR3 Hardness Ratio 5 : band1 = kev band2 = kev band3 = kev band4 = kev band5 = kev HR1 = (band1, band2) HR2 = (band2, band3) HR3 = (band3, band4) HR4 = (band4, band5) *4 HR HR 14

15 AGN XMM-Newton AGN 3.1 AGN X I(E) = AE Γ exp ( E/E cut ) *5 A 1 kev Γ Photon Index E cut Narrow Line Region Thomson *6 F (E) = exp { N H σ (E)} I (E) + f scat I (E) N H f scat AGN f scat < 3% [7] exp( E/E cut ) XMM-Newton AGN cd ~/hands-on/smbh/xspec_sim ls epn ff20 sdy9 v11.0.rmf XMM- Newton EPIC Xspec X Xspec *5 X *6 AGN X CCD Thomson Thomson 15

16 Xspec OS Xspec heainit heainit Xspec xspec XSPEC version: Build Date/Time: Tue Feb 14 23:58: XSPEC12> Xspec z = 1 N H = cm 2 Γ = 1.9 f scat = 10% AGN model zphabs*zpowerlw+const*zpowerlw = =3 =2 =5 = ======================================================================== 16

17 Model zphabs<1>*zpowerlw<2> + constant<3>*zpowerlw<4> Source No.: 1 Active/Off Model Model Component Parameter Unit Value par comp 1 1 zphabs nh 10^ / zphabs Redshift frozen 3 2 zpowerlw PhoIndex / zpowerlw Redshift = zpowerlw norm / constant factor / zpowerlw PhoIndex = zpowerlw Redshift = zpowerlw norm = 5 XSPEC12> (Enter ) Enter XSPEC12> model * N H cm 2 1 Redshit = 1 3 Γ 4 Redshift 5 1 kev A 6 f scat (% ) 7 Γ 8 Redshift 9 A plot model EPIC fakeit none *7 newpar ( ) ( ) newpar ( ) = ( ) 17

18 epn_ff20_sdy9_v11.0.rmf ( Enter ) y ( Enter ) epn_ff20_sdy9_v11.0.fak ( Enter ) ,1,1 1 spectrum in use Chi-Squared = using 4096 PHA bins. Reduced chi-squared = for 4092 degrees of freedom Null hypothesis probability = e+00 ***Warning: Chi-square may not be valid due to bins with zero variance in spectrum number(s): 1 Current data and model not fit yet. ignore ** ** setplot energy plot data EPIC kev flux Model Flux photons (2.8749e-11 ergs)/cm^2/s range ( kev) kev ( ) Photon Flux 18

19 3 2XMMi-DR3 AGN HR2 HR3 f scat AGN XMM-Newton HR2 HR3 Hardness Ratio AGN [5, 6] exit Xspec ( ~ /hands-on/smbh/xspec sim) sim flux.sh./sim_flux.sh result flux.txt result hr.txt 2 f scat log N H HR1 HR2 HR3 HR4 3 f scat = 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10% TOPCAT AGN 19

20 3.2 TOPCAT AGN result hr.txt cp result_hr.txt ~/ cd ~/ TOPCAT topcat & TOPCAT agn table.fits Filestore Browser 3. Location: (/home/vo2012) result hr.txt Table Format: ASCII OK 4. Table List result hr.txt 5. Name Description 20

21 Name Description 1 fscat fscat 2 lognh log NH 3 hr1 HR1 4 hr2 HR2 5 hr3 HR3 6 hr4 HR Table List SDSS-XMM-QSOs 8. Main Data Table: SDSS-XMM-QSOs X Axis: HR2 Y Axis: HR3 21

22 9. Main 10. A Data Table: result hr.txt X Axis: hr2 Y Axis: hr3 11. Row Subsets All 22

23 12. Marker Hide Markers Line Dot to Dot OK 13. Main X Y [ 1.4, 1.4] OK 23

24 14. AGN (f scat < 3%) ( 3 )

25 16. New Subset Name: Buried AGNs Add Subset 17. Scatter Plot 18. Table List SDSS-XMM-QSOs Current Table Properties Row Subset: Buried AGNs 25

26 19. File Duplicate Table 20. Buried AGNs 21. Session buried agn table.fits AGN TOPCAT 26

27 4 VO 20 X AGN VO VO Web TOPCAT Web NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) Abstract NED URL TOPCAT (^.^); TOPCAT cd ~/hands-on/smbh/topcat 4.1 NED NED caltech.edu/help/faq1.html#1e URL Chromium Ctrl + Shift + b NED Frequently Asked Questions I have a list of thousands of objects... 3) (α, δ) = ( , )

28 nph-objsearch?search_type=near+position+search&in_csys=equatorial&in_ equinox=j2000.0&lon= d&lat= d&radius=1.0&out_csys= Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&of=ascii_tab Ctrl + c (Ctrl + v) Results from query to NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was (partially) supported by the US National Virtual Observatory development project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement AST with The Johns Hopkins University. querydatetime: t04:52:56pdt Main Information Table for Searching NED within arcmin of , Equinox:J CoordSystem:Equatorial No. Object Name RA(deg) DEC(deg) Type Velocity Redshift Redshift Flag Magnitude and Filter Distance (arcmin) References Notes Photometry Points Positions Redshift Points Diameter Points Associations 1 ARP G ARP 220:[SDC94] VisS 22.3R ARP 220:[CMD2007] SN VisS of=ascii tab of=ascii bar Enter edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?search_type=near+position+search&in_csys= Equatorial&in_equinox=J2000.0&lon= d&lat= d&radius=1. 0&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&of=ascii_bar Results from query to NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was (partially) supported by the US National Virtual Observatory development project, which is funded by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement AST with The Johns Hopkins University. querydatetime: t05:10:43pdt Main Information Table for Searching NED within arcmin of , Equinox:J CoordSystem:Equatorial No. Object Name RA(deg) DEC(deg) Type Velocity Redshift Redshift Flag Magnitude and Filter Distance (arcmin) References Notes Photometry Points Positions Redshift P 1 ARP G ARP 220:[SDC94] VisS 22.3R ARP 220:[CMD2007] SN VisS URL ( 1)=( 28

29 1)&( 2)=( 2)&... lon: d lat: d radius: of: of=xml main ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?search_type=near+position+ Search&in_csys=Equatorial&in_equinox=J2000.0&lon= d&lat= d&radius=1.0&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&of=xml_main < > VO Table VO VO VO Table 4.2 TOPCAT TOPCAT static public class MyPlugin { public static double sqravg(double x, double y) { return Math.sqrt(x * y); } } xy ( x 0, y 0) sqravg TOPCAT sqravg($1, $2) (R.A., Dec.) NED getnedname 29

30 Web URL getnedlinkurl TOPCAT ~/hands-on/smbh/topcat/nedresolver.java NEDResolver.java NED VO Table VO Table SAVOT ( CLASSPATH init topcat.sh. init_topcat.sh javac NEDResolver.java (NEDResolver) java NEDResolver earch&in_csys=equatorial&in_equinox=j2000.0&lon= d&lat= d&radius= 1.0&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&of=xml_main&obj_sort=Distance+to+sea rch+center ARP earch&in_csys=equatorial&in_equinox=j2000.0&lon= d&lat= d&radius= 1.0&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&of=xml_main&obj_sort=Distance+to+sea rch+center NEDResolver TOPCAT *8 java -jar topcat-full.jar & java -Djel.classes=NEDResolver uk.ac.starlink.topcat.driver *8 -Djel.classes=NEDResolver NEDResolver TOPCAT 30

31 init topcat.sh topcat & NEDResolver TOPCAT NEDResolver NEDResolver 4.3 TOPCAT NED! NEDResolver TOPCAT AGN ~ /buried agn table.fits 1. Table List Buried AGNs 2. 31

32 3. Name: ned url Expression: getnedlinkurl($1, $2, 5.0/60.0) Description: access url to NED 5.0/60.0 5/60 OK Session buried agn url.fits NED 6. TOPCAT 32

33 7. topcat & 8. buried agn url.fits 9. Table List Buried AGNs Current Table Properties Activation Action: 10. View URL as Web Page Web Page Location column: ned url Browser Type: basic browser OK

34 4 TOPCAT NED NED! 4 TOPCAT NED AGN NED VO 1 VO VO JVO [1] Black Holes in Galaxy Mergers: Evolution of Quasars. Philip F. Hopkins et al., the Astrophysical Journal, 2005, 630, 705 [2] A Unified, Merger-driven Model of the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cos- 34

35 mic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes, and Galaxy Spheroids. Philip F. Hopkins et al., the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2006, 163, 1 [3] The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers. John Magorrian et al., the Astronomical Journal, 1998, 115, 2285 [4] The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity. Alessandro Marconi & Leslie K. Hunt, the Astrophysical Journal, 2003, 589, L21 [5] A New Sample of Buried Active Galactic Nuclei Selected from the Second XMM- Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue. Kazuhisa Noguchi, Yuichi Terashima, Hisamitsu Awaki, the Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 705, 454 [6] Scattered X-rays in Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Implications for Geometrical Structure and Evolution. Kazuhisa Noguchi et al., the Astrophysical Journal, 2010, 711, 144 [7] X-Ray Spectral Properties of the BAT AGN Sample. Lisa M. Winter et al., the Astrophysical Journal, 2009, 690,

. ωcen ωcen Bellini et al.2009 HR Horizontal Branch VizieR VizieR Catalog Service Row Selection All Rows Keyword omega cen Catalogue Selection UBV(RI)

. ωcen ωcen Bellini et al.2009 HR Horizontal Branch VizieR VizieR Catalog Service Row Selection All Rows Keyword omega cen Catalogue Selection UBV(RI) TOPCAT VO 2009 2009/1/25 Introduction TOPCAT Tool for OPerations on Catalogues And Tables VO TOPCAT http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/ mbt/topcat/ Java OS http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/ mbt/topcat/sun253/index.html