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1 273 Report 48 S17 1* 2 Report of the activity at the S17 base near Syowa Station, Antarctica, related to the ANTSYO-II project in summer season Naohiko Hirasawa 1 * and Keiichiro Hara ; Abstract: This report summarizes activity at the S17 base on the Antarctic ice sheet near Syowa Station in summer. The description focuses on the period from the opening to closing of the S17 base. The appendix lists daily activity in detail. The atmospheric aircraft observation (ANTSYO II: Antarctic Flight Mission at Syowa Region II) was carried out by using the S17 base runway in cooperation with AWI (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany). From 7th to 24th of January 2007, 15 times observation flights totaling 42 hours were carried out successfully. The surface meteorological observation system (air temperature, humidity and so on), ceilometer, aerosol particle counter, snow particle counter, anemometer and radiometer were maintained for about a month. Additionally, small model airplanes were used to obtain meteorological data in the boundary layer. The personnel who took the aircraft observations included Japanese, Germans and Swedes, all of whom came into/out of S17 via aircrafts. Others who maintained the S17 base and took ground based observations came into/out of Antarctica via the Japanese icebreaker Shirase. 48 S17 S17 S17 AWI Polar2 ANTSYO-II: Antarctic Flight Mission at 1 National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Kaga 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, , Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka * Corresponding author. hira.n@nipr.ac.jp Vol. 51, No. 3, , 2007 Nankyoku Shiryô (Antarctic Record), Vol. 51, No. 3, , National Institute of Polar Research

2 274 Syowa Region II Novo S17 S km S17 S17 S17 Polar2 Dornier ANTSYO-II: Antarctic Flight Mission at Syowa Region II 2000 AWI Yamanouchi et al., 2005; Hara et al., 2002, 2003 Herber et al., 2006; Wada et al., 2007 S17 Neumayer VII a, b; 2003; Hara et al., 2004, 2005, 2006; Osada et al., 2006; Yamanouchi et al., 1999; 2001 ANTSYO-II 500 km 7500 m S17

3 48 ANTSYO-II S S S17 4 S17 DROMLAN Dronning Maud Land Air Network DROMLAN ALCI Antarctic Logistics Center International: S17 DROMLAN S17 S17 2 DROMLAN S17 Polar S17 S17 2 DROMLAN S S17 S

4 CASA Polar2 Dornie VIP 3 DROMLAN Basler BT67 8 Polar2 Basler S17 Polar S Polar2 1 t 3 Basler S17 1 Polar2 Basler Basler 3 S S17 Table 1. Number of persons who arrived at/left S17 by aircraft, and fuel amount (in unit of drums)which was supplied at S17.

5 48 ANTSYO-II S Basler JET-A Polar2 S Polar2 Basler S17 Polar2 Basler S S S17 S17 DROMLAN Basler S17 2 S LT LT 2 10 m s 05 LT 2 m s 18 LT S17 3. S17 Polar

6 S17 Fig. 1. Surface air temperature and wind speed at S17 in January Polar2 S17 48 S17 Table 2. List of participants in the Polar2 observation and S17 operation, and observers. 30 S17 Neumayer 10 S17 S

7 48 ANTSYO-II S DLR IN OPC CO 2 CR m 0.5 m KC22B RION 0.3 m 5 m KC01D RION 0.3 m 7 m YGK 1 3 Polar2 2 Polar Table 3. Instruments and the investigator(s).

8 280 2 Polar2 Fig. 2. Air intake on top of the aircraft, Polar2. 3 Fig. 3. Instruments and tubing in the aircraft S S Polar2 15

9 48 ANTSYO-II S LT NOAA S Polar2 Table 4. Reference time table during ANTSYO-II.

10 282 5 LT Table 5 Observation flight list ft 7500 m m 200 ft 60 m S17 6 VHF Polar2 Basler S17 AirVHF DROMLAN Basler Polar2 Neumayer S17 Neumayer S17 UHF S17

11 48 ANTSYO-II S NOAA Fig. 4. The target areas (blue circles) of flights, accompanied with the serial number of the flight as shown in Table 3, on the visible image of NOAA received on 15 January, S17 Table 6. Items of communication equipment, and their purposes.

12 284 S17 LAN LAN IP LAN S17 4 PC S17 DROMLAN Neumayer UCAR The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research: edu/rt/mm5/amps/ NOAA SM km 50 m 30 cm 5 1 SM ANTSYO-I S17

13 48 ANTSYO-II S Fig. 5. Surface condition of the runway. 6 : GPU : Ground Power Unit : : Fig. 6. The upper panel shows the GPU (Ground Power Unit) for aircraft on the left hand side of the aircraft. The left panel shows Oxygen and Nitrogen cylinders, a yellow sledge in which a generator for instruments was installed, and spare parts boxes on a sledge. The right panel shows fuel drums on a sledge.

14 GPU: Ground Power Unit JET-A1 2 t DLR Basler Polar2 Basler S17 3 DLR 500 kg S17 S Table 7. Sharing of specialized items between NIPR and DLR.

15 48 ANTSYO-II S Polar2 S Polar2 KC01D Polar2 8 8 S17 Table 8. Ground based observations at S17.

16 288 7 S17 Fig. 7. Location of the sensors for ground based observations. 8 Fig. 8. Photo of the observation fi eld to the south of the building Yamashita et al., 2005; Watai et al., m s Ant-Plane 4

17 48 ANTSYO-II S Table 9. Specifi cations of the UAVs a, b 30 m s 500 km 5700 m Ant-Plane 3 Polar2 S Basler Polar2 PC LT 20 LT m 500 m m 1200 m 1000 m 3 OPC CPC 31 Ant-Plane 4 31 Ant-Plane C 5 S17 20 km 620 m S DROMLAN 8 DROMLAN

18 S17 10 DROMLAN S17 S17 S17 15 S IP S17 S17 S17 DROMLAN S17

19 48 ANTSYO-II S S17 DROMLAN S17 47 S17 AWI AWI DLR 48 S17 S AWI Statement of Commitment by the National Institute of Polar Research and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research on Cooperation in Research and Logistic Operation in the Arctic and Antarctic 2001 Ant-Plane Group 2006 : Ant-Plane : : Hara, K., Osada, K., Nishita, C., Yamagata, S., Yamanocuhi, T., Herber, A., Matsunaga, K., Iwasaka, Y., Nagatani, M. and Nakada, H. (2002): Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign. Tellus, 54B, Hara, K., Yamagata, S., Yamanocuhi, T., Sato, K., Herber, A., Iwasaka, Y., Nagatani, M. and Nakada, H : Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign: J. Geophys. Res., 108D, 4209, doi: /2002JD Hara, K., Osada, K., Kido, M., Hayashi, M., Matsunaga, K., Iwasaka, Y., Yamanouchi, T., Hashida, G. and Fukatsu, T. (2004): Chemistry of sea-salt particles and inorganic halogen species in the Antarctic regions: Compositional differences between coastal and inland stations. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20208, doi: / 2004JD

20 292 Hara, K., Osada, K., Kido, M., Matsunaga, K., Iwasaka, Y. and Hashida, G : Variations of constituents of individual sea-salt particles at Syowa station, Antarctica. Tellus, 57B, Hara, K., Iwasaka, Y., Wada, M., Ihara, T., Shiba, H., Osada, K. and Yamanouchi, T : Aerosol constituents and their spatial distribution in the free troposphere of coastal Antarctic regions. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15216, doi: /2005JD a : Optical particle counter b : Herber, A., Gernandt, H., Jokat, W., Nixdorf, U., Steinhage, D., Miller, H., Treffeisen, R., Yamanouchi, T., Shiraishi, K., Nogi, Y., Shibuya, K. and Wada, M : Joint AWI-NIPR airborne operations in the past and the future. Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 20, a : b : 2 Osada, K., Hara, K., Wada, M., Yamanouchi, T. and Matsunaga, K : Lower tropospheric vertical distribution of aerosol particles over Syowa Station, Antarctica from spring to summer Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 20, : Wada, M., Yamanouchi, T. and Herber, A : Airborne atmospheric observations in the Antarctic under NIPR-AWI cooperation ANTSYO-II/AGAMES. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Asian Collaboration in IPY , 1st March 2007, Tokyo, Japan, Watai, T., Machida, T., Ishizaki, N. and Inoue, G : A lightweight observation system for atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration using a small unmanned aerial vehicle. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 23, Yamanouchi, T., Wada, M., Fukatsu, T., Hayashi, M., Osada, K., Nagatani, M., Nakada, A. and Iwasaka, Y : Airborne observation of water vapor and aerosols along Mizuho route, Antarctica. Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 13, Yamanouchi, T., Treffeisen, R., Herber, A., Shiobara, M., Yamagata, S., Hara, K., Sato, K., Yabuki, M., Tomikawa, Y., Rinke, A., Neuber, R., Schumachter, R., Kriews, M., Strom, J., Schrems, O. and Gernandt, H : Arctic study of tropospheric aerosol and radiation ASTAR 2000: Arctic haze case study. Tellus, 57B, Yamashita, K., Hayashi, M., Irie, M., Yamamoto, K., Saga, K., Ashida, M., Shiraishi, K. and Okabe, K : Amount and state of mineral particles in the upper mixed layer and the lower free troposphere over Mt. Raizan, southwestern Japan: unmanned airplane measurements in the spring of J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 83A,

21 48 ANTSYO-II S S17 : : : 2: Appendix 1. Daily activity at S17 and number of persons.

22 294

23 48 ANTSYO-II S17 295

24 296 Appendix 2. 2 Preparatory work and training for aircraft observation.

25 48 ANTSYO-II S17 297

* Meso- -scale Features of the Tokai Heavy Rainfall in September 2000 Shin-ichi SUZUKI Disaster Prevention Research Group, National R

38 2002 7 2000 9 * Meso- -scale Features of the Tokai Heavy Rainfall in September 2000 Shin-ichi SUZUKI Disaster Prevention Research Group, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention,