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1 (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 20 : (2015) 調査報告 Habitat and breeding season of striated spined loaches on the northwest coast of Lake Biwa Mitsunori Nakano 1, Kazuo Uehara 2 and Misako Urabe 3 1 Graduate School of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2 Sinnasahi Land Improvement District, 3 Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture mm Abstract: To examine the habitat and breeding season of striated spined loaches, we conducted field surveys on the northwest coast of Lake Biwa. Mature adult fish ( mm in SL) immigrated into the Mizusumashi rice field artificial swamp from April to July, generally after heavy rains. Juveniles were captured from June to July. We found that almost all adult fish appeared from April to June, and no juveniles were captured in the emergent vegetated areas on the lake shore and in an irrigation ditch. Our results of adult body size distribution suggest that Cobitis minamorii oumiensis Nakajima and C. magnostriata Nakajima reproduce at the Mizusumashi rice field. We also show that reproduction is triggered by heavy rainfall, and that it mainly occurs in the artificial swamp in our study area. Keywords: Cobitis, emergent vegetated area, irrigation ditch, reproduction, rice field 1987 Nakajima 2012 Cobitis minamorii oumiensis Nakajima C. magnostriata Nakajima 2 Nakajima Minamori Graduate school of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga , Japan mitsu6812@yahoo.co.jp

2 1 4 Saitoh et al C. biwae Jordan and Snyder Saitoh et al , 2005 IB 調査地概況 m 2 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud 2a 20 cm 30 cm

3 The Ecological Society of Japan 琵琶湖のスジシマドジョウ種群の繁殖生態 農業用水路は上記の 水すまし水田 の用排水路で 幅が 1 m 水深が約 cm の三面コンクリート水 路である 底面には全体的に泥が堆積し オオカナダモ Egeria densa Planch やナガエミクリ Sparganium japonica Rothert 等の沈水植物が生育している 安曇川から取水 した用水 および農業用水路内で湧いた湧水が周年流れ ている 環境条件の調査 調査地の温度環境を把握するため 水すまし水田 と 農 業 用 水 路 の そ れ ぞ れ 1 地 点 に 水 温 計 Thermo Recorder TR-71Ui 株式会社ティアンドデイ を設置し 毎日正午から 12 時 30 分の間に水温を測定 記録した 2011 年は 5 月 2 日 10 月 3 日 2012 年は 5 月 8 日 9 月 25 日 2014 年は 5 月 16 日 7 月 31 日の間に水温測 定を実施した 調査地の降雨状況については 県営新旭地区揚水機場 にて測定 記録している 高島市新旭地区の降雨量のデ ータを使用した 県営新旭地区揚水機場は 水すまし水 田 から約 2.6 km 離れている 魚類採捕 本研究で魚類採捕を実施した場所と使用した漁具 実 図 2 調査地の写真 2014 年 5 月 24 日撮影 a は 水すま し水田 b は湖岸の水生植物帯 施期間および採捕対象魚を表 1 に示す 本研究の調査地にはビワコガタスジシマドジョウとオ オガタスジシマドジョウの 2 種が出現することが知られ 期には用水を流さず 降雨 降雪時以外は干出している ている 渡辺 2010 両種は形態的に非常に似ているた 降雨 降雪時も含めて 非通水期間には魚類が侵入 産 め Minamori 1956 斉藤 1984 外部形態に基づく種同 卵することはできない 本調査を実施した年では 2011 定では誤同定を行う可能性が高い また 本研究ではス 年は 4 月 21 日 7 月 26 日 2012 年は 4 月 25 日 8 月 ジシマドジョウ種群の希少性に配慮し 採捕された成魚 13 日 2014 年は 5 月 8 日 7 月 11 日に通水を行った 水 についてはすべて生かしたまま放流し 標本を確保しな すまし水田 の排水口は魚道になっており 魚類は取水 かった そのため 本研究では採捕されたすべての個体 口と排水口の両方から 水すまし水田 に侵入できる をスジシマドジョウ種群としてまとめて扱った また 農業用水路内に設置した 2 か所の堰の高さを操作するこ 雌雄の識別と抱卵の確認については 一部の個体にのみ とによって 平常時には 水すまし水田 の流量がほぼ 行った 一定になるように調節している しかし現地での観察か 繁殖可能な成魚の標準体長は ビワコガタスジシマド ら 激しい降雨による増水時には農業用水路から大量の ジョウが mm オオガタスジシマドジョウが 60 水が越流し 水すまし水田 内の流量が一時的に増加し 90 mm である Nakajima 2012 また 本研究では標 流速が著しく増大する場合があることがわかっている 準体長 mm の個体が採捕されなかった 結果を 水生植物帯は琵琶湖沿岸部に位置しており 底には泥 参照 それらに基づき 本論文では便宜的に 30 mm 未 が堆積しヨシを中心とした抽水植物が広範囲に密生して 満を幼魚 40 mm 以上を成魚として扱った いる 図 2b 調査範囲の面積は約 3600 m2 であり 水 水すまし水田 に侵入するスジシマドジョウ種群の 深は 40 cm 未満である 調査範囲の大部分は秋季から冬 成魚の個体数と侵入時期 体サイズ組成を明らかにする 季にかけて干出する ため 水すまし水田 の取水口と排水口のそれぞれに 51

4 1 40 mm 30 mm m 40 cm 4 mm 60 cm 2 m cm 1 mm 8 50 cm Cobitis biwae Jordan and Snyder mm cm 37 cm 55 cm 5 mm m mm 1 m 80 cm mm 40 cm 35cm 30cm 1.3 m 52

5 環境条件の測定結果 mm mm mm 4a mm mm mm 4b スジシマドジョウ種群の採捕結果 c e mm mm mm mm mm d f mm mm mm mm mm mm mm a 2011 b 2012 c mm mm mm mm mm Silurus asotus Cyprinus carpio

6 4 4 7 a 2011 b 2012 c 2011 d 2012 e 2011 f 2012 cf mm mm mm mm mm mm 8a mm mm mm mm 8b 水すまし水田 におけるスジシマドジョウ種群の繁殖期 mm mm

7 a b c d e Maehata 2007 Abe et al. 2007a, b 40 mm mm 60 mm 60 mm Nakajima mm mm 繁殖場所

8 mm 60 mm a 6 7 b 6 21 c mm 56

9 a 6 b m 2 b Minamori Abe T, Kobayashi I, Kon M, Sakamoto T (2007a) Spawning behavior of the kissing loach (Leptobotia curta) in temporary waters. Zoological Science 24: Abe T, Kobayashi I, Kon M, Sakamoto T (2007b) Spawning of the kissing loach (Leptobotia curta) is limited to periods following the formation of temporary waters. Zoological Science 24: (2007). 23.,. (1998). ( ). pp ,. (1987). (),,. pp ,. (2007) Cobitis sp.1. 49: Maehata M (2007) "Reproductive ecology of the Far Eastern Catfish, Silurus asotus (Siluridae), with a comparison to its two congeners in Lake Biwa, Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes 78: (1951). 1: (1954). 4: Minamori S (1956) Physiological isolation in Cobitidae. IV. Speciation of two sympatric races of lake Biwa of the striated spinous loach. Japanese Journal of Zoology 12: Nakajima J (2012) Taxonomic study of the Cobitis striata complex (Cy-priniformes, Cobitidae) in Japan. Zootaxa 3586: (1988).,. (1984). 38: (1993). 40: (2005),. ( ). pp ,. Saitoh K, Takai A, Ojima Y (1984) Chromosomal study on the three local races of the striated spined loach (Cobitis taenia striata). Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences 60: (1990). 8: Saitoh K, Kobayashi T, Ueshima R, Numachi K (2000) Analyses of mito-chondrial and satellite DNAs on spined loaches of the genus Cobitis from Japan have revealed 57

10 relationships among populations of three dip-loid-tetraploid complexes. Folia Zoologica 49:9-16. (2011) 2010.,. (2010). ( ). pp ,. 58

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