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1 研究論文 健康増進施設としての公園利用に関する研究第 2 報 タイ ルンピニ公園の 2004 年と 2012 年の早朝運動実施者へのアンケート調査から健康増進施設としての公園の可能性を探る Study on Park-Utilization as Health-Enhancement Facilities -Second Report Investigating a possibility of utilizing parks as health-enhancement facilities based on the questionnaire surveys conducted to the participants in earlymorning exercise at Lumpini Park, Thailand, in 2004 and 2012 Yoshinori Kaneko Yoshika Mariko Chisato Hasegawa Abstract The authors conducted a questionnaire survey to the participants in early-morning exercise at the Lumpini Park, Thailand, in 2004 as a preliminary case study of utilization of parks as health-enhancement facilities. We conducted the survey in 2012 again in order to confirm the change in the state of implementation after years of time passage, and in order to get a hint of extensive usage of parks in Japan. In both cases, the majority of respondents were men over 60 years and women between 40 and 60 years. A large percent of respondents occupation included, self-owned business, freelance professional, full-time housewife, and the unemployed. The aim of doing the exercise was mostly for the enhancement of health. Most of them participated in the exercise every day or 5 to 6 days a week coming to the park by 6 o clock in the early morning and spending 2 to 3 hours in the park. In 2004, popular types of exercise for men were, walking, taijiquan, and qigong. In 2012, they were mainly walking and jogging. For women, both in 2004 and in 2012, popular types were mostly walking and aerobics. The largest merit of continuing the exercise, they answered, was they have become disease resistant. The most attractive features of the park, they answered, were, it was abundant in nature, and there were mates to do exercise together. Almost all of the respondents answered that the exercise at the Lumpini Park occupied a necessary part in their life. It was suggested that the early-morning exercise at the Lumpini Park has become their habit as an important part of their life. Keywords: park, health enhancement, Lumpini Park, early-morning exerciser Ⅰ. はじめに Kagawa Nutrition University

2 .. Ⅱ. 研究の目的

3 Ⅲ. 方法 1. 調査地. m -. km 2. 調査日 3. 調査方法 4. 調査項目

4 5. 統計処理 Excel p. 6. 倫理的配慮 Ⅳ. 結果 1. 回答者の属性..... 男 女 % 35.5% 68.5% 64.5% n=54 n=93 80 歳代以上 70 歳代 60 歳代 50 歳代 40 歳代 30 歳代 20 歳代 10 歳代 5.9% 52.9% 35.3% 5.9% n= % 37.5% 28.1% 6.3% 3.1% ** 6.3% 3.1% n=32 5.6% 11.1% 19.4% 33.3% 27.8% 2.8% * n=37 3.3% 6.7% 15.0% 26.7% 31.7% 11.7% n=60 5.0% **:p<0.01 df.=5 X 2 =18.23 *:p<0.05 df.=7 X 2 =16.37 p. p 農林業 自営業 自由業 公務員 会社員 団体職員 学生 専業主婦 無職 ( リタイヤ ) 37.5% 18.8% 12.5% 12.5% 18.8% n= % 15.2% 6.1% 3.0% 33.3% 9.1% n=33 2.7% 29.7% 2.7% 18.9% 2.7% 35.1% 5.4% 2.7% *** n= % 18.3% 1.7% 5.0% 43.3% 8.3% 6.7% n=60 ***:p<0.001 df.=7 X 2 =29.69

5 . p. 2. ルンピニ公園での運動の目的ときっかけ 健康のために 仲間との会話 ( コミュニケーション) 気分転換 18.8% 6.1% 43.8% 48.5% 81.3% 87.9% (N=16) 家族 友人に誘われて 通りかかって公園で運動している様子を見て パンフレットを見て 30.8% 38.5% 41.4% 34.5% 30.8% 31.0% 0% 20% 40% 60% (N=13) (N=29) - M.A. 減量 ( ダイエット ) 12.5% 6.1% 9.1% (N=33) 家族 友人に誘われて 35.5% 44.2% 健康のために 仲間との会話 ( コミュニケーション ) 気分転換 減量 ( ダイエット ) -M.A. 27.0% 10.8% 26.7% 8.1% 1.7% 18.9% 18.3% 71.7% 97.3% 96.7% (N=37) (N=60) -M.A 通りかかって公園で運動している様子を見て パンフレットを見て 3.2% 10.5% 15.1% 19.4% 51.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% (N=31) (N=57) - M.A. 3. ルンピニ公園での継続運動年数と公園で 運動を始める前の運動歴....

6 21 年以上 16 年 ~20 年 11 年 ~15 年 6 年 ~10 年 1 年 ~5 年 1 年未満 31.3% 37.5% 18.8% 12.5% n= % 15.2% 9.1% 12.1% 24.2% n= % 13.5% 13.5% 29.7% 24.3% 5.4% n= % % % 6.7% n=60 10 分未満 10 分以上 20 分未満 20 分以上 30 分未満 30 分以上 40 分未満 40 分以上 50 分未満 50 分以上 60 分未満 60 分以上 7.1% 3.7% 9.7% 28.6% 40.7% 38.7% 1.9% 25.9% n= % 28.6% 7.1% 7.1% 3.7% n= % 14.8% 7.4% 7.4% n= % 16.1% 6.5% 3.2% n= % 18.5% 5.6% 7.4% % 25.9% % 行っていた 行っていなかった 71.4% 74.1% % n=15 n=28 n=35 n=58 4. 自宅からルンピニ公園までの所要時間と 手段 車バス徒歩自転車電車 ( ハ イク他 ) % 2 6.7% n= % 24.2% 12.1% 9.1% 12.1% n=33 2.8% 61.1% 30.6% n=36 5.6% 5.0% 6.7% % n=60 1.7%

7 5. ルンピニ公園での運動頻度 ( 図 11) p. 毎日週 5~6 回週 3~4 回週 1~2 回月 1~2 回 87.5% 6.3% 6.3% n= % 12.5% 18.8% 9.4% n= % 17.6% 2.9% n=34 ** 8.3% 45.0% 23.3% 2 3.3% n=60 **:p<0.01 df.=4 X 2 = ルンピニ公園への来園時間 在園時間 実際の運動時間 時 ~5 時前 5 時 ~6 時前 6 時 ~7 時前 7 時 ~8 時前 8 時以降 37.5% 31.3% 25.0% 6.3% n= % 37.1% 42.9% 51.4% 17.9% 7.1% 11.4% n=28 n=35 * 18.6% 49.2% 32.2% n=59 *:p<0.05 df.=2 X 2 =6.84. p p. p. 5 時間以上 4 時間以上 5 時間未満 3 時間以上 4 時間未満 2 時間以上 3 時間未満 1 時間以上 2 時間未満 1 時間未満 6.3% 25.0% 43.8% 25.0% n=16 7.7% 11.5% 30.8% 16.7% 30.6% 3.5% 15.8% 47.4% 34.6% 41.7% 15.4% 11.1% n=26 n=36 * 33.3% ** n=57 *:p<0.05 df.=4 X 2 =11.93 **:p<0.01 df.=4 X 2 =17.56

8 p. 1 時間 30 分以上 1 時間位 45 分位 30 分位 15 分位 33.3% 6.7% % 6.7% n= % 45.2% 19.4% 12.9% * n= % 28.8% 48.6% 40.7% 11.4% 11.4% 11.9% 16.9% 1.7% n=35 n=59 *:p<0.05 df.=4 X 2 = 一緒に運動をしている人数 誰と一緒に運動しているか p. 21 人以上 11~20 人 6~10 人 2~5 人 1 人 12.5% % 25.0% 26.7% 6.8% 11.9% 28.8% 13.3% 51.4% % 26.7% 6.3% 25.0% 23.3% 13.5% 5.4% 8.1% n=37 *** 35.6% 16.9% n=59 ***:p<0 001 df.=4 X 2 =29.38 n=16 n= 友人 同好会 ( サークル ) 家族 老人会 隣人 職場の仲間 4.0% % 12.0% % 33.3% 36.0% 52.0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 42.9% 友人 62.7% 同好会 ( サークル ) 25.7% 19.6% 家族 13.7% 28.6% 老人会 11.4% 13.7% 8.6% 隣人 11.8% 職場の仲間 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% (N=15) (N=25) - M.A. (N=35) (N=51) - M.A.

9 ルンピニ公園で行なっている運動の種類 と運動を教わった相手 ウォーキングジョギングウエイトトレーニング太極拳体操エアロビクス気功ダンスヨガストレッチキックボクシング ウォーキングエアロビクス体操太極拳ジョギングダンス気功ウエイトトレーニングヨガストレッチキックボクシング 6.3% 12.5% 12.9% 9.7% 12.5% 6.5% 3.2% 3.2% 6.3% 16.1% 18.8% 22.6% 31.3% 31.3% 45.2% 45.2% 43.8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 11.1% 25.4% 11.1% 20.3% 18.6% 16.7% 16.9% 22.2% 8.5% 11.1% 8.5% 5.6% 3.4% 13.9% 2.8% 6.8% 47.2% 54.2% 41.7% 37.3% 36.1% 0% 20% 40% 60% (N=16) (N=31) - M.A. (N=36) (N=59) - M.A ほぼ同じ 毎日違う 数日 ( 数週間 ) ごとに変わる 81.3% 18.8% n= % 64.9% 6.5% 29.7% 3.2% 3.2% 5.4% n=31 n= % 25.9% 1.7% n=

10 運動の先生 家族 友人 知人 本 雑誌 テレビ 運動の先生 家族 友人 知人 本 雑誌 テレビ 用具や音楽の使用 % 3.2% 12.5% 22.6% 37.5% 32.3% 43.8% 41.9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 3.1% 5.1% 3.1% 3.1% 9.4% 20.3% 28.8% 50.8% 90.6% (N=16) (N=31) - M.A. (N=32) (N=59) - M.A... p... p. p % 52.5% 78.4% 使う 9 使わない 37.5% 47.5% 21.6% 0% 50% 100% ***:p<0.001 df.=1 X2=14.19 *:p<0.05 df.=1 X 2 =6.48 女 ***:p<0.001 df.=1 X 2 = % 20.7% 行っている 行っていない 81.3% 79.3% *** * n=16 n=30 *** n=37 n= ルンピニ公園以外での運動.... n=16 n=29 使う 使わない 21.6% 78.4% n= % 32.3% 38.9% 41.1% 86.7% 67.7% 61.1% 58.9% n=15 n=31 n=36 n= % 71.2% n=59

11 行っている 行っていない ある ない 33.3% 66.7% n= % 73.3% n= % 75.0% n= % 77.8% n= % 80.6% * n= % 75.0% n=36 8.8% 91.2% n= % 87.5% n=56 *:p<0.05 df.=1 X 2 = p..... ある ない 26.7% 25.0% 13.9% 15.8% 73.3% 75.0% 86.1% 84.2% n=15 n=28 n=36 n= 今後やってみたい運動 ( 複数回答 )( 図 26-1,26-2) ウォーキング 太極拳 気功 ジョギング エアロビクス ダンス 体操 ウエイトトレーニング キックボクシング ヨガ ストレッチ ヨガ 気功 エアロビクス ウォーキング 太極拳 体操 ダンス ジョギング キックボクシング ストレッチ ウエイトトレーニング 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 7.1% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 28.6% 35.7% 35.7% 42.9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 18.5% 18.5% 24.1% 25.9% 24.1% 20.7% 29.6% 17.2% 22.2% 17.2% 25.9% 13.8% 7.4% 10.3% 3.4% 7.4% 3.7% 3.7% 6.9% 34.5% 40.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% (N=7) (N=14) -M.A. (N=27) (N=29) -M.A.

12 ルンピニ公園で運動を継続してよかった こと ( 複数回答 )( 図 27-1,27-2) 病気をしにくくなった 友達が増えた 食事がおいしい 毎日が生き生きする 腰痛 肩こり等が解消した 姿勢がよくなった 肥満が解消した 肌がきれいになった 25.8% 25.8% 25.8% 16.1% 6.7% 9.7% 73.3% 64.5% 46.7% 54.8% % % 66.7% % 20% 40% 60% 80% (N=15) (N=31) - M.A ルンピニ公園の魅力 ( 複数回答 )( 図 28-1,28-2) 病気をしにくくなった毎日が生き生きする腰痛 肩こり等が解消した食事がおいしい % 77.1% 65.5% 54.3% 62.1% 4 5 友達が増えた 43.1% 68.6% 姿勢がよくなった 41.4% 57.1% 肌がきれいになった肥満が解消した 28.6% 22.4% 22.9% 13.8% 6.9% 22.9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% (N=35) (N=58) - M.A. 自然が多い 運動する仲間が多い 自宅から近い 美しい 6.7% 12.9% 26.7% 32.3% 46.7% 77.4% % 48.4% (N=15) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% - M.A. (N=31)

13 とても大切である大切であるふつうあまり大切でない大切でない 自然が多い 運動する仲間が多い 自宅から近い 美しい 8.3% 6.7% 16.7% 43.3% 55.6% 66.7% 71.7% 58.3% % - M.A. (N=36) (N=60) 66.7% 67.7% 85.7% 71.7% 26.7% 29.0% 6.7% 3.2% 14.3% 28.3% n=15 n=31 n=35 n= 日常生活における運動不足感 ( 図 29) 感じない 時々感じる 感じる 多いに感じる % 79.4% % 3.2% 17.6% 2.9% n=15 n=31 n= % 32.2% 1.7% n= ルンピニ公園での運動が生活に占める大切さ ( 図 30) Ⅴ. 考察 1. ルンピニ公園の運動者の特徴 ルンピニ公園での運動の目的ときっかけ 来園手段

14 . 3. 公園で運動する頻度と来園時間 在園時間 運動時間 実施している運動の実態 5. 運動用具や音楽利用の特徴

15 6. ルンピニ公園以外での運動活動について 7. 公園での運動継続で実感される心身への効果 8. ルンピニ公園の魅力と日本の公園での運動利用の広範化に向けて

16 Ⅵ. まとめ. p. p.... p

17 謝辞 Ⅶ. 参考文献 - - E - sukoyaka_.htm r r gc.html accessed zenpan/iryou_doukou_b.html accessed.. r q st.html accessed /pdf/data. pdf accessed.. go.jp/topics/kenko _ /top.html accessed..

18 go.jp/a_menu/spor ts/kihonhou/index.htm accessed.. sukoyaka_.html accessed.. sukoyaka_top.html accessed.. pp., pp Parks Open Space Research Institute Report pp. - -

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