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2

3 2 1 Hoffman1984 Lopez,Campbell & Watkins1986Rice,Cole & Lapsley1990 Mahler,Pine & Bergman(1975) Blos1967,1979 Grotevant et al. 1985(individuality) (connectedness) 1

4 PRASParental Role Assessment Scale (1958) 10 ( ) CR-PBI Schaefer1965 2

5 PR-PBI ( ) PCRT ( ) Performance Maintenance (1991) ( ) EICA (1977) (1983) (1980) ()

6 4

7 Freud1936 Montemayor1983- Montemayor & Hanson1985 Wilks(1986) Erikson1959 Marcia1966Adams & Jones(1983) 5

8 Grotevant & Cooper 1985 Campbell,Adams & Dobson1984) Buri,Kirchner & Walsh,1987Gecas & Schwalbe,1986 PAQParental Affective Questionaire PAQ McCurdy & Scherman1996Kenny1987 Bowlby Ainsworth,Blehar,Waters & Wall1978 Hazan & Shaver,1987 Feeney & Nooler(1990)Hazan & Shaver1987 Kenny & Donaldson1991 Baker & Siryk1984 6

9 SACQ(Student Adaptation to College Questionaire) Lopez,Campbell & Watkins (1988) overinvolvement FSS(Family Structure Survey) 7

10 8

11 9

12 GP 2 10

13 PRAS 1118 PRAS (F=15.80 df=1/1096 p<.01)(f=15.96 df=4/1096 p<.01) (F=2.44 df=4/1096 p<.05) 11

14 (1958) Hunter et al(1982)(control) PRAS Hunter et al PRAS (1980) 16 PRAS (F=91.3 df=1/1097 p<.01)(f=8.42 df=1/1097p<.01)(f=4.51df=4/1097p<.01) (F=5.99df=1/1097p<.05) Hunter et alintimacy PRAS

15 Hunter et al

16 (1989) (1981) (1981) (1987) 1987 PRAS (1) (2) (3) 14

17 PRAS r=.264p<.01r=.195p<.05r=.283 p<.01r=.253p<.01r=.220p<.01 r=.308p<.01r=.296p<.01r=.294 p<.01r=.281p<.01 r=.260p<.05 ) ) ) ) -.197p< p<.01 15

18 (-.185p<.10).377 p< p<.01 PBI carepedersen1994 PRAS PAQ (Parental Attachment Questionaire) PRAS PRAS PRAS Kenny1987McCurdy & Sherman1996 Gecas et al.1986pras PRAS Holahan & Moos1991 PRAS PRAS 16

19 FSSFamily Structure SurveyPRAS LopezCampbell & Watkins (1988) Kenny & Donaldson1991 PRAS 17

20 YG (1969) G ( ) School Morale Score SMS SMS PRAS SMS YG 18

21 (1)SMS (2) SMS (3) SMS (4) SMS (5) (1976) YG SMS YG 12 SMS YG PRAS SMS PRAS YG PRAS SMS; (-.35p<.01)(.25p<.05)(-.15 p<.10)(-.17) (.17) 19

22 SMS (1994) SMS (-.36p<.01)(-.26p<.05)(-.38 p<.01) SMS SMS SMS SMS YG () 20

23 Johnson FalsteinSzurek & Svendsen1941(school phobia) (truancy) 1950 (school refusal) ( ) (non-attendance to school)

24 PRASC PRAS PRASC PRAS PRAS C PRASC t=3.13df=780p<.01t=6.70df=938p<.01 t=3.30df=938p<.01 t=2.42df=780p<.05 t=2.64df=15p<.05 t=2.97df=780p<.01 t=4.23df=938p<

25 (1996) (1994)

26 Berg1976 Levovici(1990) (1992)(1993) PRAS 24

27 6 PRASC 25

28 PRAS Curve Linear 7 26

29 PRAS-C PRAS PRAS 27

30 AdamsGR& JonesRM(1983) Female Adolescents' Identity Development: Age Comparisons and Perceived Child-Rearing Experience Deve lopmental Psychology AinsworthMDSBleharMCWatersE& WallS(1978)Pa tterns of Attachm ent: A Psychological Study of the Strange SituationHillsdaleNJ:Lawrence Erlbaum BakerRW& SirykB(1984) Measuring Adjustment to College Journal of Counseling Psychology BergI(1976) School Phobia in the Children of Agoraphobic Women British Journal of Psychiatry BlosP (1967)The Second Individuation Process of Adolescence The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child BlosP(1979)The Adoles cent Passage New York:International Univesity Press BowlbyJ(1969) Attachment and Loss:Vol1Attachment New York:Basic Book 1976 BowlbyJ(1980) Attachment and Loss:VolL oss:sadness and Depression New York:Basic Book 1981 BuriJRKirchnerPA& WalshJM(1987) Familial Correlates of Self-Esteem in Young American AdultsThe Journal of Social Psychology CampbellEAdamsGR& DobsonWR(1984) Familial Correlates of Identity Formation in Late Adolescence:A Study of the Predictive Utility of Connectedness and Individuality in Family Relations Journal of Yo uth and Adolescence EriksonEH(1959)Identity and the Life Cycle New York:International Universities Press Inc ( 1973 ) EskilsonAWileyMGMuehlbauerG& DodderL(1986)Parental Pressure Self-Esteem and Adolescent Reported Deviance:Bending the Twig Too Far Adolescence FeeneyJA& NollerP(1990)Attachment Style as a Predictor of Adult Romantic Relationships Journal of Personality and Social Psychology FreudA(1936)Das Ich und AbwehrmechanismenInternatonaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag( 1958 pp ) (1989)

31 (1972) (1974) GecasV& SchwalbeML(1986)Parental Behavior and Adolescent Self-esteem Journal of Marriage and the Family GrotevantHD& CooperCR(1985)Patterns of Interaction in Family Relationships and the Development of Identity Exploration in AdolescenceChild Development HauserST PowersSI NoamGG JacobsonAM WeissB& FollansbeeDJ(1984) Familial Contexts of Adolescent Ego DevelopmentChild Development HazanC& ShaverP(1987)Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process Journal of Personality and Social Psychology HoffmanJA(1984)Psychological Separation of Late Adolescents From Their Parents Journal of Counseling Psychology HolahanCJ& MoosRH(1991) Life StressorsPersonal and Social Resources and Depression: A 4-Year Structural Model Journal of Abnormal Psychology HunterFT& YounissJ(1982) Changes in Functions of Three Relations During Adolescence Developmental Psychology (1980) JohnsonAMFalsteinEISzurekSA& SvendsenM(1941)School Phobia American Jounal of Orthopsychiatry (1981) () KennyME(1987)The Extent and Function of Parental Attachment Among First-Year College Students Journal of Youth and Adolescence KennyME& DonaldsonGA(1991) Contributions of Parental Attachment and Family Structure to the Social and Psychological Functioning of First-Year College Students Journal of Counseling Psychology (1967) (1969)

32 (1973) (1958) LevoviciS(1990) School Phobia:A Psychoanalytic View ChilandC& YoungJ G(Eds) Why Children Reject School:Views from Seven Countries New Haven & London ;Yale University Press LopezFGCampbellVL& WatkinsCEJr(1986)DepressionPsychological Separation and College Adjustment:An Investigation of Sex Differences Journal of Counseling Psychology LopezFG CampbellVL& WatkinsCEJr(1988) Family Structure Psychological Separation and College Adjustment:A Canonical Analysis and Cross-Validation Journal of Counseling Psychology LopezFGCampbellVL& WatkinsCEJr(1989) Effects of Marital Conflict and Family Coalition Patterns on College Student Adjustment Journal of College Student Development MahlerMSPineF& BergmanA(1975)The Psychologycal Birth of Human Infant New York:Basic Book 1981 MarciaJE(1966) Development and Validation of Ego Identity Status Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1969) (1976) McCurdySJ & SchermanA(1996) Effects of Family Structure on the Adolescent Separation-Individuation Process Adolescence (1970) (1971) (1991) MontemayorR(1983) Parents and Adolescents in Conflict: All Families Some of the Time and Some Families Most of the TimeJournal of Early Adolescence MontemayorR& HansonE(1985) A Naturalistic View of Conflict Between Adolescents and their Parents and SiblingsJournal of Early Adolescence (1977)

33 (1987) (1991) PedersenW(1994)Parental RelationsMental Healthand Deliquency in Adolescents Adolescence RiceKGColeDA& LapsleyDK(1990) Separation-IndividuationFamily Cohesion and Adjustment to College: Measurement Validation and Test of a Theoretical Model Journal of Counseling Psychology (1958) (1981) () (1980) (1991) 1994 (1) (1992)

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