Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 53 :43-65, 2005 The Society for the Study of Phytogeography and Taxonomy ,2 2 2 Fagus lucida Fagus engler

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1 Journal of Phytogeography and Taxonomy :-, 00 The Society for the Study of Phytogeography and Taxonomy 00, Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Zheng-Xiang Wang,, Kazue Fujiwara and Yun Lei : Phytosociological study of the Fagus lucida forests and Fagus engleriana forests in China College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Xueyuanlu, Wuchang-Ku, Wuhan, 00, China ; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 9, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 00, Japan Abstract Phytosociological studies on Fagus lucida forests and F. engleriana forests were carried out in China. Four associations were recognized, based on phytosociological data from relevés : ASinarundinario bashersuto- Fagetum lucidae ; BSinarundinario chungii-fagetum lucidae ; CSinarundinario nitido-fagetum lucidae ; D Fagetum engleriano-lucidae. These associations belong to a new alliance : Aceri davidii-fagion lucidae. Comparison of the dominant species and life-form structure of the associations showed that the characteristics of deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests are remarkable in nd B. Bamboos occurred over a wide range in nd B, and the evergreen broad-leaved trees are dominated in understory tree layer and shrub layer. There are more coniferous trees in C and D, but Bamboos are sparse. By analysis of climatic factors, there are big differences in the distribution of every association according to temperature and humidity. The growth environment of F. lucida forests and F. engleriana forests in China is warmer than that of Fagus forests in Japan. Key words : alliance, association, Chinese Fagus forests, phytosociology. Fagus longipetiolata Seemen, F. engleriana Seemen ex Diels, F. lucida Rehder et E.H.Wilson, F. hayatae Palib. ex Hayata, F. chienii Cheng Fagus longipetiolata Fagus hayatae Fagus chienii Fagus lucida N.N, 0.E Fagus engleriana Fagus lucida.n.n 9 ; Peter ; Cao 99 ; Cao et al ; Cao and Peters Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 00 00

2 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Wang and Fujiwara 00 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 00 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Fig. Table WICI 9 FAO-USCO9 Cambisols E0 N N0 N E90 E0 E0 Henan Mongol China Korea N N Japan N0 Fig.. Locations of study sites.,,,,,,, are Nanshan, Fanjingshan, Kuankuoshui, Badagongshan, Houhe, Dalaoling, Longmenhe, Baotianman, respectively. Table. Background data of the study area Stand Nanshan Fanjingshan Kuankuoshui Badagongshan Houhe Dalaoling Longmenhe Baotianman LatitudeN LongitudeE Elevationm,90,0,0,90,0,0,0,00,0,0,0,0,00,0,0 Mean ann. temp Mean temp. of July Mean temp. of January Minimal temp.9.. WI month CI month Rainfallmm,900,00,0,0,,,,00 Relative humidity >90 >90. 0

3 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. F. lucida F. engleriana Braun- Blanquet Ellenberg9Fujiwara 9 CAV =. =. =. = =. =0. CAVpi / n00 pi i n Table ASinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae ass. nov. Table, Relevé reference number Hunan Province,0 m Sinarundinaria bashersuta, Clethra faberi, Erythroxylum kunthianum, Indosasa shibataeoides, Manglietia fordiana, Dioscorea batatas, Fordiophyton faberi, Rubus alceaefolius, Callicarpa brevipes, Actinidia kolomikta,90,0 m Fagus lucida m F. lucida Quercus multinervis, Q. bambusaefolia, Castanopsis eyrei, Manglietia fordiana, Rhaphiolepis indica 0 Liquidambar formosana, Acer sinense, Sorbus folgneri m 0 Sinarundinaria bashersuta, Indosasa shibataeoides F. lucida ymplocetosum lancifoliae Table, Relevé reference number, Hunan Province,0 m Symplocos lancifolia, S. botryantha, Arthromeris lehmannii, Ainsliaea triflora, Blastus pauciflorus, Lithocarpus glaber symplocetosum lancifoliae,90,0 m m Quercus multinervis, Rhododendron haofui Sinarundinaria bashersuta, Indosasa shibataeoideseurya loquaiana, Symplocos botryantha, Clethra faberi, Erythroxylum kunthianum A torricellietosum tiliifoliae Torricellia tiliifolia, Litsea pedunculata, Dendropanax hainanensis, Clerodendrum colebrookianum, Ribes longiracemosum var. davidii, Cayratia corniculata, Rhus chinensis, Clerodendrum fortunatum,0,0 m torricellietosum tiliifoliae 0 m 0 m symplocetosum lancifoliae m symplocetosum lancifoliae BSinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae ass. nov. Sinarundinaria chungiifagus lucida com-

4 00 munitywang and Fujiwara 00 Table, Relevé reference number Guizhou Province,00 m Sinarundinaria chungii, Eurya brevistyla, Symplocos adenopus, Illicium simonsii Fagus lucida,00,000 m Sinarundinario chungii Fagetum lucidae N 0 E,0,90 m N 09 E,0,0 m 0 m 0 m m m 090 Sinarundinaria chungii actinodaphnetosum reticulatae chimonobambusetosum utilis B actinodaphnetosum reticulatae Actinodaphne reticulata, Carpinus pubescens, Holboellia coriacea, Schima sinensis, Liriope platyphylla,0,90 m9,0 m actinodaphnetosum reticulatae 0 m 0 cm F. lucida Carpinus pubescens, Acer davidii, Cornus controversa Quercus multinervis, Q. glauca, Q. stewardiana, Lithocarpus henryi 00 chimonobambusetosum utilis 0 Sinarundinaria chungii Sinarundinaria chungii Indocalamus longiauritus B chimonobambusetosum utilis Table, Relevé reference number Guizhou Province,0 m Chimonobambusa utilis, Carex omeiensis, C. henryi, Viola brunneostipulosa N, 09 E,0,0 m Fagus lucida chimonobambusetosum utilis actinodaphnetosum reticulatae F. lucida Quercus multinervis, Castanopsis platyacantha Chimonobambusa utilis 09 m 0 m Sinarundinaria chungii m Chimonobambusa utilis m CSinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae ass. nov. Table, Relevé reference number Hunan Province,0 m Sinarundinaria nitida, Rubus buergeri, Sarcopyramis bodinieri Fagus lucida 0 Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae,0,00 m 0 m 0 m F. lucida Sorbus folgneri, Betula insignis Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Quercus multinervis F. lucida m 0

5 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No.. m 00 Sinarundinaria nitida Fagus lucida symplocetosum crassifoliae typicum C typicum,0,0 m 0 Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae m 9 m 0 m 0 m 00 m C symplocetosum crassifoliae Table, Relevé reference number Hunan Province,0 m Symplocos crassifolia, Plagiogyria atenoptera, Betula insignis, Ilex latifolia, Lindera erythrocarpa, Taxus chinensis, Magnolia biondii, Bretschneidera sinensis, Ctenitis mariformis,0,00 m 0 Fagus lucida symplocetosum crassifoliae 0 m m 0 F. lucida DFagetum englerianolucidae ass. nov. Fagus englerianafagus lucida communitywang and Fujiwara 00 Table, Relevé reference number 0 Hubei Province, m Viola selkirkii, F. engleriana, Euonymus alatus, Carex siderosticta, C. sendaica, Abelia macrotera, Aster ageratoides.n. NFagus lucida Fagus engleriana Fagus Fagus engleriana Fagetum englerianolucidae N 0 E,0,0 m N 09 E,0,00 m 0 N 0 E,0 m 0 N E,0,0 m Fagus m m 00 m 0 0. m 0 carpinetosum coradatae var. chinensis, carpinetosum turczaninowii D carpinetosum cordatae var. chinensis Table, Relevé reference number 9 Hubei Province, m Carex subpediformis, Carpinus cordata var. chinensis, Polystichum neolobatum, Tupistra chinensis, Rhododendron hypoglaucum, Viburnum betulifolium, Parathelypteris nipponica, Castanea henryi, Hamamelis mollis Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana,0,00 m 0 F. engleriana carpinetosum cordatae var. chinensis m F. engleriana, F. lucida Castanea, Betula, Carpinus, Acer Cephalotaxus sinensis, Keteleeria davidiana, Pinus henryi m 00 Rhododen-

6 00 dron m 0 0. m 0 D carpinetosum turczaninowii Table, Relevé reference number Henan Province,0 m Saussurea cordifolia, Smilax trachypoda, Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum, Carpinus turczaninowii, C. cordata var. cordata, Deyeuxia sinelatior, Lespedeza formosa, Euonymus przewarskii, Forsythia suspensa, Buckleya henryi, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Rosa setipoda, Tsuga chinensis, Adenophora cordifolia, A. polyantha, A. trachelioides, Spiraea dasyantha, S. prunifolia, Rhododendron micranthum, R. incarnata, Maackia hwashanensis, Maianthemum bifolium, Pertya cordifolia, Morus mongolica, Styrax hemsleyanus 0 N E,0,0 m 00 Fagus engleriana Fagus Quercus aliena var. acutidentata Fagus Fagus engleriana F. engleriana Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata, Q. aliena var. acutidentata, Carpinus turczaninowii Pinus tabulaeformis, Tsuga chinensis,0,0 m 0 m 00 Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata m 00 m 0 00,0,0 m 00 Fagus engleriana 90 m 0Quercus aliena var. acutidentata m Fagus CAV Table Fagus lucida Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae, Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidaef. lucida Quercus multinervis, Q. glauca, Rhododendron haofui CAV Sinarundinaria chungii, S. bashersuta, Indosasa shibataeoides, Chimonobambusa utilis Sinarundinario bashersuto Fagetum lucidae Sinarundinario chungii- Fagetum lucidae Athyrium strigillosum, Allantodia wichurae Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae F. lucida 0 Quercus multinervis, Symplocos anomala, Eurya muricata, Camellia caudata, C. pitardii Sinarundinaria nitida Fagetum engleriano lucidae F. engleriana F. lucida Castanea henryi, Quercus aliena var. acutidentata, Carpinus cordata var. chinensis, Sorbus folgneri F. engleriana, Dendrobenthamia japonica Rhododendron hypoglaucum, Quercus multinervis Sinarundinaria nitida, Indocalamus longiauritus

7 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. T ab le. V eg etatio n V egetatio n R elevé u n it reference tab le o f num ber F a g u s lu cid a A - f o rests an d F. e n g leria n a fo rests in C h in a A B A - B - B - C - C C - D - D D - N N N N N9 N0 N N N N G G G G G G9 G G G G G G0 G G G G G D D D D D9 D0 D D D D H H H9 H9 H0 H H H H H0 H H H0 H H H9 H H H H H H H B B B B O rigin al relevé num ber(in field ) R elevé size(m x m ) A ltitude(m ) E SE SW SW S W SE E SE SE WS E W SE N SE SE SW SW SW SE p ect S lo p e( ) T ree layer (T ) H eight(m ) C o ver(% ) T ree layer (T ) H eight(m ) C o ver(% ) S h ru b layer(s ) H eight(d m ) C o ver(% ) H erb layer(h ) H eight(d m ) C o ver(% ) N u m b er o f S p ecies C h aracter sp ecies o f S in aru n d in ario b ash ersu to -F agetu m lu cid ae S in a ru n d in a ria b a sh ersu ta C leth ra fa b ri E ryth ro xylu m ku n th ia n u m I n d o sa sa sh ib a ta eoid es M a n g lietia fo rd ia n a Di o scorea b a ta ta s F o rd io p h yto n fa b er i R u b u s a lceaefo liu s C a llica rp a b revip es A c tin id ia kolom ikt a D ifferential sp ecies o f sym plocetosum lancifo liae S ym plocos la n cifo lia S ym plocos b o tryanth a A r throm eris lehm anni i A i n slia ea triflo r a B la stu s p a u ciflo ru s L ith o ca rp u s g la b er D ifferential sp ecies o f to rricellieto su m tiliifo liae T o rricellia tiliifo lia L itsea p ed u n cu la ta De n d ro p a n a x h a in a n ensi s C lero d en d ru m co leb ro o kia n u m R ib es longiracem osum v ar. d a vid i i C a yra tia co rn icu la ta R h u s ch in ensis

8 fo r tu n a tu m le r o d e n d r u m C lu c id a e chungii-f agetum S inarundinario o f s p e c ie s C h a ra c te r c h u n g ii in a r u n d in a r ia S a d e n o p u s ym plocos S b r e v is ty la u r y a E sim onsii llic iu m I re tic u la ta e a c tin o d a p h n e to s u m o f s p e c ie s D ifferential r e tic u la ta c tin o d a p h n e A H a c o r ia c e lb o e llia o p u b e s c e n s a r p in u s C s in e n s is c h im a S p la ty p h y lla ir io p e L u tilis chim onobam busetosum o f s p e c ie s D ifferential u tilis him onobam busa C om eiensis a r e x C h e n r y i a r e x C b r u n n e o s tip u lo s a io la V lu c id a e nitido-f agetum S inarundinario o f s p e c ie s C h a ra c te r n itid a in a r u n d in a r ia S ith o c a r p u s L. p s b u e r g e r i u b u s R b o d in ie r i arcopyram is S c ra s s ifo lia e sym plocetosum o f s p e c ie s D ifferential c r a s s ifo lia ym plocos S P a a te n o p te r a g io g y r ia l in s ig n is e tu la B la tifr o n s le x I e r y th r o c a r p a in d e r a L c h in e n s is a x u s T M i b io n d i g n o lia a s in e n s is r e ts c h n e id e r a B m a r ifo r m is te n itis C m o llis s im a r is to lo c h ia A ic h a n g e n s e s a r u m A g r a c iliflo r a a c tu c a L P i b lin i a n e r o p h le b io p s is h a c e to s e lla x a lis O la n c e ifo lia m ila x S v a p a c o s ta p fia n a ym plocos S e n g le ria n o -lu c id a e F a g e tu m o f s p e c ie s C h a ra c te r s e lk ir k ii io la V e n g le r ia n a a g u s F a la tu s uonym us E s id e r o s tic ta a r e x C s e n d a ic a a r e x C m a c r o te r a b e lia A a g e r a to id e s s te r A c h in e n s is v c o ra d a ta e c a rp in e to s u m o f s p e c ie s D ifferential subpediform is a r e x C c o r a d a ta a r p in u s C v s h in e n s i c P m n e o lo b a tu ly s tic h u m o c h in e n s is u p is tr a T h y p o g la u c u m h o d o d e n d r o n R b e tu lifo liu m ib u r n u m V P a n ip p o n ic r a th e ly p te r is a C o n tin u e d. T a b le 00 0

9 h e n ry i a sta n e a C H s m o lli m a m e lis a turczaninow ii c a rp in e to su m o f sp e c ie s D ifferential c o rd ifo lia a u ssu re a S tra c h y p o d a m ila x S p lic a tu m ib u rn u m V v m om entosu t turczaninow ii a rp in u s C D r sin e la tio y e u x ia e form osa e sp e d e za L c o rd a ta a rp in u s C praew arskii uonym us E F a su sp e n s rsy th ia o h e n ry i u c k le y a B sc a b io sa e fo lia a trin ia P se tip o d a o sa R ru n u s P. p s c h in e n sis su g a T c o rd ifo li e n o p h o ra d polym orph e n o p h o ra d d a sy a n th a p ira e a S ib e s R. p s m ic ra n th u m h o d o d e n d ro n R tra c h e lio id e e n o p h o ra d M s hw ashanensi a c k ia a M m b ifo liu ianthem um a c o rd ifo lia e rty a P M a m o n g o lic ru s o hem sleyana ty ra x S p ru n ifo lia p ira e a S lu c id a e d a v id ii-f a g io n A c e ri o f sp e c ie s C h a ra c te r F a lu c id g u s a A i d a v id i e r c fo lg n e ri o rb u s S sta n s m ila x S k o u sa o rn u s C. a r v a o u s k sim sii h o d o d e n d ro n R H a anom al d ra n g e a y sym podiale ib u rn u m V p a n ic u la ta ym plocos S A e sin e n s e r c e ro su m ib u rn u m V o b tu silo b a in d e ra L h e te ro p h y lla a rth e n o c issu s P sc h n e id e ri io la V filic in a a re x C cyrtonem a o ly g o n a tu m P A i h e n ry n slia e a i m a rie sii h o d o d e n d ro n R p u n g e n s itse a L v o lu b ilis te ry g o c a ly x P se rru la tu s n k ia n th u s E sp e c ie s O th e r m ultinervis u e rc u s Q p e rn y i le x I July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No.

10 m u ric a ta u ry a E fo rtu n e i uonym us E. a r v i o rtu n e f e lo n g a ta itse a L D s fu sc ip e y o p te ris r d e c o ra ta y ro la P anom ala ym plocos S D m m a c ro p o d u p h n ip h y llu m a sc a n d e n s a e d e ria P ja p o n ic a p h io rrh iza O g ra c ilis u e rc u s Q lo q u a ia n a u ry a E o rb ic u la tu s e la stru s C M a ja p o n ic h o n ia a h e n ryi ith o c a rp u s L g la u c a u e rc u s Q o v a lifo lia y o n ia L. a r v a llip tic e A e v o d ia e fo liu s a n th o p a n a x c. a r v s v o d ia e fo liu e A o liv e ria n u m e r c D sessile sp o ru m i ic h a n g e n se ib u rn u m V serra ta u e rc u s Q v a revip e tio la t b capilliform is a re x C c u sp id a ta am ellia C b o d in ie ri p h io p o g o n O e ry e i a sta n o p sis C ja p o n ic a o n ic e ra L um bellata in d e ra L refle x a in d e ra L F s c h in e n si a x in u s r h isp id u th ra x o n r m a lifo liu s u b u s R a ln ifo lia o rb u s S plum osa u zu la L su ffu ltu m o ly g o n u m P c re n a t d isia r c a rn e a e in e c k e a R p e d u n c u lo sa le x I in te g rifo lia chizophragm a S la n c e o la ta la e a g n u s E c le isto c a rp u s ith o c a rp u s L fra g ra n s in d e ra L a u g u stin ii h o d o d e n d ro n R c o n tro v e rsa o rn u s C c o c c u lo id e s m ila x S c ru c ia ta a re x C F a heterom orph c u s i d a v id ii pim edium E stro b ila c e a la ty c a ry a P A m a m p lu e r c A m fla b e lla tu e r c M i sp re n g e r g n o lia a p rin c ip is io la V lum inifera e tu la B tria n th u s u b u s R C o n tin u e d. T a b le 00

11 D ja p o n ic a ndrobentham ia e v s h in e n si c a lie n a u e rc u s Q. a r v a c u tid e n ta t a arm andii in u s P p e n ta p h y llu m y n o ste m m a G h a o fu i h o d o d e n d ro n R flo rib u n d a in d e ra L form osa ie ris P p ita rd ii am ellia C stam ineum h o d o d e n d ro n R c a u d a ta ym plocos S th u n b e rg ia n u s e p iso ru s L m a irei p h io p o g o n O fa rg e sii le th ra C c o rd ifo lia u b ia R setig e ru m ib u rn u m V H a p a n ic u la t d ra n g e a y ja p o n ic u m a c c in iu m V c o n ra d in a e e ra su s C lo n g ia u ritu s ndocalam us I sp ic a ta irio p e L g o e rin g ii ym bidium C D i cham pioni y o p te ris r sh e a re ri y rro sia P e n g e ria n a u e rc u s Q ru b r tilb e s o d o ra tu m o ly g o n a tu m P ra d ic a n s e llio n ia P su c c e d a n e u m o x ic o d e n d ro n T A c h in e n sis tin id ia c v illo sa h o tin ia P fa rg e rsii le u th e ro c o c c u s E d a v id ii io la V D e c a n to n ie n s sp o ru m i sp h e n a n th e ra c h isa n d ra S sy lv a tia alam agrostis C b u e rg e ri e sp e d e za L ste lla ris ym plocos S h e n ry i o n ic e ra L su b e ro sa itse a L su tc h u e n e n se h o d o d e n d ro n R sum untia ym plocos S rh y tid o p h y llu m ib u rn u m V A i fra n c h e ti e r c hem sleyana ham nus R g la b ra m ila x S vim inea a rp in u s C A i sie b o ld i a ru m s fru tic o sa in d e ra L g riffith ii x a lis O w ilso n ii a d u s P sch le c h te n d a lia n a o o d y e ra G K a ja p o n ic rria e sin e n se e tra c e n tro n T h u n a n e n si e n o p h o ra d July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No.

12 ja p o n ic u m u p a to riu m E H a ja p o n ic terosm ilax e u n d u la tifo liu s plism enus O am phidasys u b u s R m a c u la ta ric y rtis T v e itc h ia n a ig u la ria L ju lia n a e e rb e ris B ro sth o rn ia n u s e la stru s C v i o e se n e r l A m strig illo su h y riu m t corym biflorum ib u rn u m V K s septem lobu lo p a n a x a m argaritace a p h a lis n in c a n u s h ila d e lp h u s P sp in o sa u e rc u s Q bam busaefolia u e rc u s Q D i c h e v a lie r n d ro p a n a x e stew ardiana u e rc u s Q fo e tid u m ib u rn u m V v m e c ta n g u la tu r m yrsinaefolia u e rc u s Q H i fa rg e si lb o e llia o acum inata o n ic e ra L A o m o n e r c d ie lsia n a ru n u s P c h in e n sis c h isa n d ra S m acroclinidioide n slia e a i c u b e b a itse a L sin e n sis y ssa N sin e n sis o ry lo p sis C sin e n sis tew artia S A i w a rd i h y riu m t ja p o n ic a a y ra tia C c h in e n se u p a to riu m E p a c ific u s u b u s R D a n ip p o n ic o sc o re a i c h in e n si a lia r b ru n n e a a re x C la n u g in o su m h ry so sp le n iu m C ja p o n ic a y p rip e d iu m C a ffin i d isia r D s a lth a e o id e o sc o re a i rep e n s o o d y e ra G v e lu tin a o o d y e ra G H a e llip tic le n ia a sic u life r m p a tie n s I ririe i h o d o d e n d ro n R p u n ja b e n sis h u s R p o ly c o re a m ila x S p a lu stris te lla ria S accum inata io la V g ry p o c e ra s io la V m iq u e lia n a eptorum ohra L c a th a y a n a a llic a rp a C x a n th o n e u ra o rb u s S p a rv ifo li e lia b C o n tin u e d. T a b le 00

13 H a ja p o n ic lw ingia e g rise m e r c h y p o g la u c u m etrastigm a T D p a p y ra c e a p h n e a o b c o rd a t c u b a u la n c ifo lia ym plocos S c h in e n sis le x I le ish a n ic u m h o d o d e n d ro n R M re h d e ri c h ilu s a a la ta u ry a E c h in e n si c u b a u su p e rb a c h im a S H s n e p a le n si d e ra e g la b ra tu m itto sp o ru m P v m e riifo liu n o x y o d o n u e rc u s Q c a th a y a n u m rachelosperm um T c a u d a ta am ellia C H n e p a le n sis d e ra e v s in e n si s e u p h le b ia la g io g y ria P M s ic h a n g e n si c h ilu s a in d ic a h a p h io le p is R re e v e sia n a k im m ia S c o n to rtu s e p iso ru s L M i b e a le h o n ia a la b o rd e i e la g in e lla S a in slia e flo ra a c a lia C H a um bellat d ra n g e a y b o c k ii m ila x S g la u c a in d e ra L o v a lifo lia y o n ia L v a v a lifo li o ja p o n ic a a llic a rp a C v a n g u sta t a a risa n e n sis m ila x S e re c ta e p h a la n th e ra C h e n ry i h lo ra n th u s C c u n e a ta a rg e n to d o x a S k u lin g e n sis erchem ia B c h in e n sis n k ia n th u s E c h in e n sis ym plocos S a ffin e ripterosperm um T d e lto id e s y n u ru s S c h in e n sis e tu la B su tc h a n e n sis a re x C g e m m a tu s e la stru s C fin e tia n a lem atis C o to p h o ra lem atis C fe rru g in e a ra g ro stis E K a p a n ic u la t e lre u te ria o M ro se u m lam pyrum e bentham ii re o c h a ris O. a r v a e tic u la t r him alayana a rth e n o c issu s P le io c a u lis u b ia R palm atus u b u s R fra n c h e tia n a c u te lla ria S d isc o tis m ila x S July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No.

14 ja p o n ic u s ty ra x S o liv e ri ilia T c o rd a tu m ripterosperm um T p o ly stic h o id e s o o d sia W c h in e n se h e llo d e n d ro n P stew ardii latostem a E w ushanensis te lla ria S a ro n io id e s o rb u s S c h in e n si p in ia l p a c h y rrh iza a re x C c e rc id ifo lia in d e ra L g ra c ili n slia e a i c o rn u tu s uonym us E b ra c h y p o d a ru n u s P g ra y a n a ru n u s P p o ly p h y lla ia rella T hylonom a u p h o rb ia E F s o rie n ta li a g a ria r gynochlam ydea o n ic e ra L c le th ro id e s ysim achia L b a ic a le n sis c u te lla ria S sc h in d le ri e ra tru m V sib iric a a x ifra g a S bam busarum u b u s R g ra n d ilig u la ta a re x C a sp e ru lo id e s a liu m G y u n n a n e n sis le x I o b tu sifo lia u ry a E A m c o n sa n g u in e u isaem a r n itid a u ry a E v s u re a sc e n a c a rle sii a c c in iu m V term inalis a c h y sa n d ra P p u n g e n s la e a g n u s E ja p o n ic a oodw ardia W la u rin a ym plocos S F a lo n g ip e tio la t g u s a D d e n tig e ru s n d ro p a n a x e la to u c h e a e h o d o d e n d ro n R w ilso n ii in n a m o m u m C K a lo n g e p e d u n c u la t d su ra a c o m m u n is in d e ra L c h in e n si a c h n io d e s r c risp d isia r szechw anensis le x I kw angtungensis ernstroem ia T fa rg e sii le x I m a k in o i o ly stic h u m P A e w ic h u ra la n to d ia l A m o to p h o ru h y riu m t ro sth o rn ia n a am ellia C b o d in ie ri in n a m o m u m C D a e ry th ro so r y o p te ris r c ilio sp in o sa le x I c o n fin is ith o c a rp u s L C o n tin u e d. T a b le 00

15 c o rn e u s ith o c a rp u s L fa rg e sii a rp in u s C a p ic u la tu s o to n e a ste r C g ra c ile o p h a th e ru m L A e c h in e n s a n g iu m l se rru la ta ru n u s P ja p o n ic h y rio p sis t c h in e n si a ru m s in c a rn a ta c h isa n d ra S ic h a n g e n sis u b u s R ire n a e u s u b u s R c o c h in c h in e n si p a ra g u s s D s lo tu o sp y ro s i c h in e n sis p ira e a S lo b a ta u e ra ria P c h in a m ila x S A trifo lia ta e b ia k sin ic e la n c h ie r m A i kaem pfer isto lo c h ia r h y p o le u c u s e la stru s C trichotom um le ro d e n d ru m C ja p o n ic a u sc a p h is E b u lb o sa lo b b a G racem osa lo b b a G m a c ro p o d a le x I sin e n se ig u stru m L form osana iquidam bar L sy lv e stre h u s R re fle x u s u b u s R fla b e llifo lia a x ifra g a S rip a ria m ila x S g ra c ilisty lu a n th o p a n a x c v ic to ria li liu m l in d ic tem isia r glom erulata ra ssa io p sis B ro c h e b ru n ii a re x C m acrophyllum h ry so sp le n iu m C m o n ta n a lem atis C D o to k o r o sc o re a i D m u n ifu rca tu y o a th y riu m r b revic o rn u pim edium E p u b e scen s pim edium E b u n g e a n u s uonym us E H lo n g ip e s d ra n g e a y v i o sth o rn i r m o llifo lia itse a L fa rg e sii a ris P th ib e tic a a ris P c a lo n e u ra o rb u s S b u n g e i a liu m G trifid u m a liu m G ru b ic u n d a e n tia n a G H a su b c a p ita t m ib o e a e H m p la ty c la d u m alocladium o fra n c h e tia n a le x I July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No.

16 M s te n u ifo liu llo tu s a M s y u n n a n e n si lu s a com positus plism enus O h e te ro p h y lla a trin ia P sp. s a n g u stifo li a b u lb o c o d io id e s le io n e P stru th io p tris te retis P stro b ila c e a te ro c a ry a P v e rn ic iflu a h u s R a e sc u lifo lia o d g e rsia R m e so g a lu s u b u s R o b lo n g u s u b u s R c a v a le rie i a liv a S v i a v a le rie c in d ic a c u te lla ria S fe ro x m ila x S a n g u la ta o rric e llia T v a nterm edi i filic a u le ripterosperm um T in c o n sp ic u a io la V se rp e n s io la V d a v id ii itis V flo rid a e ig e la W D k a k i o sp y ro s i. a r v s y lv e stri s za h lb ru c k n e ri o rb u s S sem pervirens ib u rn u m V v m ric h o p h o ru t p o ly p h y lla a ris P n e p a le n sis ham nus R m o u p in e n si isto lo c h ia r F e re c ta c u s i. a r v a e e c h e g a n b h e u d e sii a re x C su b g la lo ra a c a lia C a sp e r u lo id e s a liu m G v i offm eister h a q u ile g ifo liu m h a lic tru m T r u b e sc e n s a c a lia C A e v o d ia e fo liu s a n th o p a n a x c v f s rru g in e u e k o u sa o rn u s C v s h in e n si c p in e to ru m a u ssu re a S a izo o n e d u m S a u ric u la tu m y n a n c h u m C A m c a n a b ifo liu o n itu m c acutissim a u e rc u s Q c y lin d ric a m p e ra ta I v r a jo m c a v a le rie i a lv ia S v a im plicifoli s sa n g u in e u s uonym us E a sia tic ta e a c pleiosperm a u p te le a E a p a rin e a liu m G h e n ry i inow ilsonia S te n u e ib e s R rh o d a n th a e n tia n a G n ig ru m e ra tru m V c h in e n sis a lv ia S tu a n ilia T h irta u tc h e ria T form osana le x I c h in g ii p h io p o g o n O C o n tin u e d. T a b le 00

17 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. Lithocarpus spicatus Rhododendron auriculatum Rhododendron aberconwayi P inus massoniana Calanthe reflexa Ilex wilsonii Dryopteris labordei Castanopsis fabri Neolitsea confertifolia Litsea coreana Camellia salicifolia Cinnamomum burmanii Lindera pulcherrima var. attenuata Neolitsea levinei Symplocos pseudobarberina Cleyera lipingensis Dryopteris rosthornii E urya semiserrulata Ilex centrochinensis Ilex subodorata Illicium fargesii Keteleeria davidiana Lindera megaphylla Loxogramme salicifolia Lysionotus pauciflorus M icrolepia strigosa M icrotropis triflora Neolitsea ovatifolia Neolitsea wushanica Nothopanax davidii Onychium japonicum Osmanthus armatus P inus henryi P olystichum discretum P teridium revdutum P yrrosia lingua Rhododendron calophytum Sapium japonicum Additional species occurred once in relevé No. : Chirita fimbrisepala, Dryoathyrium okuboanum, Lithocarpus fenestratus, Sorbus megalocarpa. No. : Euonymus centidens, Pyrrosia gralla, Stenoloma chusanum. No. : Tripterospermum chinense, Asplenium incisum, Chrysosplenium pilosum var. valdepilosum, Leptogramma scallani. No. : Leucostegia immersa, Phymatopteris digitata, Sedum japonicum, Smilacina japonica, Spatholirion longifolium. No. : Euonymus euscaphis, Eurya macartneyi, Hydrangea longipes, Litsea lancilimba. No. : Arisaema heterophyllum, Berchemia floribunda, Cephalotaxus oliveri, Castanopsis cuspidata, Lindera rotundifolia, Smilax trinervula. No. : Clematis florida, Disporopsis pernyi, Ilex latifolia, Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides, Lithocarpus elizabethae, Microlepia sinostrigosa, Symplocos groffii. No.9 : Aralia elata, Dipsacus asperoides, Phaius tankervilliae, Sanicula lamelligera. No.0 : Lithocarpus vestitus, Morus australis, Trichosanthes kirilowii. No. : Allantodia metteniana, Carex cryptostachys, Carex rhynchophysa, Carex stipitinux, Diplazium donianum, Hymenophyllum barbatum, Loxogramme duclouxii, Loxogramme grammitoides, Ophiopogon heterandrus, Oreocharis henryana, Philonotis turneriana, Polygonum runcinatum, Quercus setulosa, Rhodobryum giganteum, Siphocranion macranthum, Styrax dasyanthus. No. : Aucuba chlorascens, Cephalotaxus sinensis, Elatostema obtusum, Fraxinus longicuspis, Hypnum plumaeforme, Lycopodium clavatum, Ophiopogon spicatum, Pyrrosia mollis, Viburnum atrocyaneum. No. : Corylus ferox var. thibetica, Dryopteris decipiens, Fraxinus malacophylla, Ligustrum delavayanum, Primula serratifolia, Ribes acuminatum, Rubus caudifolius, Rubus pungens var. indefensus, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. hispidum, Turpinia pomifera var. minor. No. : Carpinus kweichowensis, Cleyera japonica, Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Heterosmilax yunnanensis, Jasminum nervosum, Prunus ssiori, Pyrrosia drakeana, Stephania cephalantha, Symplocos decora. No. : Matteuccia struthiopteris. No. : Actinidia melanandra, Asplenium wrightii, Calanthe discolor, Dioscorea opposita, Elaeagnus glabra, Eurya aurea, Indocalamus nubigenus, Ophiopogon tonkinensis, Osmanthusdelavayi, 9

18 00 Phoebe crassipedicella, Pilea peploides, Prunus glandulosa, Sorbus globosa. No. : Actinidia arguta, Berberis aemulans, Celastrus glaucophyllus var. rugosus, Clethra pinfaensis, Dryopteris sp., Eurya nitida, Ilex tsoii, Latouchea fokiensis, Litsea ichangensis, Primula stenodonta, Silene fortunei. No. : Cinnamomum sp., Dendrobium nobile, Dianthus sp., Ilex rotunda, Ilex viridis, Panax pseudoginseng var. pseudoginseng, Parathelypteris glanduligera, Prunus polytricha, Thelypteris sp.. No.9 : Acer palmatum, Cleyera incornuta, Dryopteris sp., Myrsine stolonifera, Vaccinium pubicalyx,viola diffusa. No.0 : Dryopteris sp., Eriobotrya japonica, Euphorbiaceae sp., Eurya distichophylla, Ilex cyrtura, Neolitsea aurata, Plagiogyria japonica,prunus spinulosa, Rhododendron argyrophyllum, Rhododendron brevinerve, Smilax microphylla, Viburnum oliganthum. No. : Athyrium vidalii, Cyclosorus acuminatus, Elatostema cuspidatum, Hydrangea davidii, Impatiens sp., Iris japonica, Monomelangium pullingeri, Phryma leptostachya, Sambucus chinensis, Styrax odoratissima, Tricyrtis macropoda. No. : Allium ovalifolium, Aruncus Sylvester, Astilbe chinensis, Cimicifuga acerina, Davidia involucrata var. vilmoriniana, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dryopteris varia, Elaeocarpus glabripetalus, Euonymus leclerei, Ficus tikoua, Hosta ventricosa, Ligustrum japonicum, Ligustrum sinense var. stauntonii, Lonicera crassifolia, Polygonatum punctatum, Rubus biflorus, Rubus eustephanus, Sagenia coadunate, Schima wallichii, Senecio scandens. No. : Camellia elongate, Castanopsis platyacantha, Dendrobenthamia capitata, Diplazium pinfaense, Dryopteris chinensis, Eurya hebeclados, Ilex corallina var. aberrans, Ophiopogon stenophyllus, Paulownia fortunei. No. : Carex lanceolata, Carex thomsonii, Lindera pulcherrima var. hemsleyana, Lonicera pampaninii, Osmanthus reticulata, Osmunda japonica, Rubus chroosepalus, Rubus tephrodes, Sassafras tzumu, Toona sinensis, Trachelospermum jasminoides. No. : Dioscorea japonica, Dryopteris laeta, Dryopteris peninsulae, Lyonia ovalifolia var. lanceolata. No.9 : Ardisia japonica, Ilex ficoidea, Rubus parkeri, Symplocos subconnata. No.0 : Carex gentilis, Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Elaeagnus cuprea, Rhododendron fortunei, Symplocos ramosissima, Viola rossii. No. : Alangium platanifolium, Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii, Pittosporum trigonocarpum. No. : Abacopteris simplex, Coniogramme japonica, Disporopsis aspera, Parthenocissus semicordata, Photinia beauverdiana. No. : Carpinus londoniana, Ficus pumila, Gynostemma burmanicum, Smilax sp.. No. : Symplocos aenea. No. : Arachniodes rhomboidea, Sorbus wilsoniana. No. : Stewartia gemmata. No. : Dryopteris sparsa. No. : Actinidia polygama, Athyrium nipponica, Cacalia profundorum, Cocculus orbiculatus, Cynanchum officinale, Deutzia discolor, Deutzia schneideriana, Dryopteris cycadine, Marsdenia sinensis, Rhus potaninii, Rosa banksiopsis, Rubus corchorifolius, Rubus innominatus, Sabia campanulata, Sedum major, Vitis flexuosa. No.9 : Aconitum sinomontanum, Aristolochia heterophylla, Artemisia argyi, Athyrium amplissima, Circaea cordata, Fragaria nilgerrensis, Leontopodium japonicum, Miscanthus sinensis, Rosa cymosa, Scirpus subcapitatus, Serissa serissoides, Smilax scobinicaulis, Spiraea japonica var. fortunei. No.0 : Angelica bisserata, Castanea seguinii, Dendranthema indicum, Desmodium heterocarpum, Lonicera fragrantissima, Pilea cavaleri, Pilea pinofasiata, Solanum pittosporifolia. No. : Berberis triacanthophora, Cerasus dielsiana, Lonicera pileata, Lysimachia stenosepala, Rosa roxburghii. No. : Cornus walteri, Saposhnikovia divaricata. No. : Cerasus darafolia, Stranvaesia davidiana var. undupata. No. : Lespedeza bicolor. No. : Achyranthes aspera, Arisaema lobatum, Artemisia lactiflora, Cardiandra moellendorffii, Cyrtomium fortunei, Euonymus oblongifolius, Ilex intermedia, Kinostemon ornatum, Loropetalum chinense, Neolitsea gracilipes, Pilea angulata, Pteris deltodon, Stephania japonica. No. : Elaeagnus multiflora, Lepisorus angustus, Lonicera maackii. No. : Phegopteris polypodioides, Phymatopsis sinensis, Pterostyrax psilophylla. No.0 : Carpinus hupeana, Halenia elliptica var. grandiflora, Melia azedarach. No. : Forsythia giraldiana, Rhamnus crenata. No. : Clematis quinquefoliolata, Daphniphyllum angustifolium, Delphinium anthriscifolium, Elatostema sessile, Ilex purpurea, Padus grayana, Panax transitorius, Pilea sinofasiata, Polystichum tripteron, Rhamnus utilis, Tapiscia sinensis. No. : Castanea mollissima, Lindera nessiana. No. : Forsythia viridissima. No. : Arachniodes festina, Euonymus myrianthus. No. : Aconitum carmichaeli, Berberis silvicola, Pilea mongolica, Polystichum hecatopteron, Rubus adenophorus, Rubus henryi. No. : Acanthopanax senticosus, Acer maximowiczii, Cacalia otopteryx, Cimicifuga foetida, Delphinium trisectum, Desmodium racemosum, Lindera pulcherrima, Padus buergeriana, Rhamnella martini, Staphylea holocarpa, Swertia bimaculata, Vitis quinquangularis, Youngia heterophylla. No. : Acanthopanax henryi, Acer cappadocicum, Dryoathyrium viridifrons, Hydrangea fulvescens, Meliosma cuneifolia, Panax pseudoginseng var. japonicus, Rubus chiliadenus, Salvia scapiformis, Sanicula chinensis, Saxifraga stolonifera, Viburnum henryi. No.9 : Abelia forrestifolia, Astilbe grandis, Carex leucochlora, Galium tricorne, Lindera angustifolia, Meliosma beaniana, Pyrrosia petiolosa, Sedum verticillatum, Stachyurus himalicus. No.0 : Angelica pubescens, Cayratia oligocarpa, Neillia ribesioides, Paris polyphylla, Polypodium amoenum, Rubus lasiostylus, Stachyurus chinensis, Tilia intonsa.no. : Adenophora petiolata, Carpinus turczaninowii var. stipulata, Cotoneaster gracilis, Phymatopsis shensiensis, Rhamnus parvifolia, Sedum kamtschaticum, Viola betonicifolia. No. : Abelia biflora, Campylotropis macrocarpa, Pinus tabulaeformis, Spiraea sericea, Taraxacum sinicum. No. : Adenophora stricta, Lonicera caerulea, Lonicera modesta, Meliosma veitchiorum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Saxiglossum angustissimum, Vitis amurensis. No. : Adenophora polyantha, Asarum himalaicum, Aster sp., Camptosorus sibiricus, Clematis brevicaudata, Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Dalbergia hupeana, Euonymus verrucosoides, Lonicera microphylla, Lonicera webbiana, Prunus conadenia. Locality : No.No.0 : Nanshan Nature Reserve, Hunan Province. No.No.9 : Fanjingshan Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province. No.0No. : Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province. No.No. : Badagongshan Nature Reserve, Hunan Province. No.No.0, No.No. : Dalaoling Forest Station, Hubei Province. No.No., No.No.0 : Longmenghe Forest Station, Hubei Province. No. : Houhe Nature Reserve, Hubei Province. No.No. : Baotianman Nature Reserve, Henan Province. 0

19 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. Table. The dominant species in the layers of every association in Fagus lucida forests and F. engleriana forests in China Group number A B C D Number of relevé 0 0 Species CAV F Species CAV F Species CAV F Species CAV F Fagus lucida 90 Fagus lucida 9 00 Fagus lucida 0 00 Fagus engleriana Quercus multinervis 0 0 Quercus multinervis 9. 9 Sorbus folgneri.0 0 Fagus lucida T Liquidambar formosana. 0 Carpinus kweichowensis..9 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis.0 0 Castanea henryi.9 Ilex latifolia. 0 Carpinus pubescens. Quercus multinervis. 0 Quercus aliena var. acutidentata. Schima superba. 0 Cornus controversa. Betula insignis. 0 Carpinus cordata var. chinensis. Sorbus folgneri. 0 Quercus glauca.9 Nyssa sinensis 0. 0 Sorbus folgneri. Fagus lucida 0 Quercus multinervis. Enkianthus serrulatus. 0 Rhododendron hypoglaucum 0 Rhododendron haofui 0 Eurya nitida var. aureascens. Fagus lucida. 0 Quercus multinervis. T Quercus multinervis. 0 Quercus glauca. Quercus multinervis. 0 Fagus engleriana. Quercus glauca. 0 Rhododendron haohui. Symplocos anomala 0 Dendrobenthamia japonica.9 9 Rhus chinensis. 0 Tutcheria hirta..9 Eurya muricata. 0 Quercus gracilis. Ilex latifolia. 0 Castanopsis fabri..9 Camellia caudata. 0 Ilex pedunculosa. Camellia pitardii. 0 Rhododendron augustinii. Sinarundinaria bashersuta 0 Sinarundinaria chungii Sinarundinaria nitida Sinarundinaria nitida. Indosasa shibataeoides. 0 Illicium simonsii. Symplocos stapfiana. 0 Indocalamus longiauritus. S Clethra faberi. 90 Chimonobambusa utilis. 9 Symplocos anomala. 0 Rhododendron simsii. Fagus lucida. 0 Camellia cuspidata. Rhododendron mariesii. 0 Rhododendron stamineum. 9 Acer sinense 0. 0 Actinodaphne reticulata. Eurya muricata 0. 0 Ilex pernyi. Rhododendron simsii 0. 0 Quercus stewardiana Machilus ichangensis 0. 0 Abelia macrotera. Sinarundinaria bashersuta. 0 Sinarundinaria chungii Carex filicina. 0 Tupistra chinensis. Fagus lucida. 0 Athyrium strigillosum. 9 Asarum ichangense. 0 Polystichum neolobatum. H Carex cruciata 0. 0 Allantodia wichurae. Plagiogyria atenoptera 0. 0 Calamagrostis sylvatia. Parthenocissus heterophylla 0. 0 Symplocos lancilimba Ophiopogon mairei 0. 0 Carex capilliformis. Clethra faberi 0. 0 Ophiopogon mairei Ophiorrhiza japonica 0. 0 Carex siderosticta. Dioscorea batatas 0. 0 Parthenocissus himalayana 0.9 Pellionia radicans 0. 0 Epimedium davidii. 0 F : frequency. CAV : cover-abundance values. T : canopy tree layer. T : understory tree layer. S : shrub layer. H : herb layer. A : Sinarundinario bashersuto-fagetum lucidae. B : Sinarundinario chungii-fagetum lucidae. C : Sinarundinario nitido -Fagetum lucidae. D : Fagetum engleriano-lucidae. Fagus Fagus Fig. Fagus Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae 00 Fagus Fagus Fagetum englerianolucidae, Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae 99 Sinarundinario bashersuto- Fagetum lucidae, Sinarundinario chungii- Fagetum lucidae 0 Fagus Sinarundinario chungii Fagetum lucidae Fagus 9 Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae, Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae Fagetum englerianolucidae Fagetum englerianolucidae, Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae Fagetum englerianolucidae,sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae WI 9CI Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae WI 0CI

20 00 (%) 00 A B C D Bamboos Evergreen species Deciduous species Fagus species 0 0 T T S H T T S H T T S H T T S H Fig.. Comparison of life forms in the layers of all associations in the Chinese Fagus lucida forests and F. engleriana forests. T : canopy tree layer. T : understory tree layer. S : shrub layer. H : herb layer. A : Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae. B : Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae. C : Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae. D : Fagetum englerianolucidae. Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae WI CI 90 Fagetum engleriano-lucidae WI CI 0 Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae, Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae Fagetum englerianolucidae Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae Fig. Altitude (m) 9 Fagus lucida Fagus lucidaliquidambar acalycinaschima superbacastanopsis hickelii Fagus lucidarhododendron kwangtungense Fagus lucidasinobambusa laeta 9 Fagus lucida Fagus lucida Cyclobalanopsis glauca Fagus lucidapseudosassafras laxifloracyclobalanopsis glauca Fagus lucidalithocarpus cleistocarpustilia tuan 9 A B C D Fig.. Vertical distribution of every association of Fagus lucida forests and F. engleriana forests in China. A : Sinarundinario bashersutofagetum lucidae. B : Sinarundinario chungiifagetum lucidae. C : Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae. D : Fagetum engleriano-lucidae. Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Fagus lucidasinarundinaria chungii Fagus englerianasinarundinaria chungii 90 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Fagus lucidacyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Fagus

21 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. lucidacyclobalanopsis glauca Fagus lucida Cyclobalanopsis nubiumcastanopsis lamontii Fagus engleriana Cyclobalanopsis glaucadaphniphyllum macropodum 99 Fagus lucida Fagus lucidacastanopsis lamontieurya impressinervisindosasa shibataeoides Alantodia hirtipes Fagus lucidacastanopsis lamontii Camellia pitardiiindocalamus longiauritus Carex cruciata Castanopsis lamontiifagus lucidacleyera japonicaindosasa shibataeoides Carex cruciata Fagus lucidacyclobalanopsis multinerviseurya loquiana Indocalamus longiauritus Ophiopogon japonicus Cyclobalanopsis nubiumfagus lucidabeilschmiedia yunnanensischimonobambusa convolutaplagiogyria grandis Cyclobalanopsis nubiumfagus lucidabeilschmiedia yunnanensisindocalamus longiauritusplagiogyria grandis Schima argenteafagus lucidameliosma squamulata Chimonobambusa convolutaplagiogyria grandis Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 90 Fagus lucidacyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Fagus lucidacyclobalanopsis glauca 9Fagus lucida Sinarundinaria chungii Sinarundinario chungii Fagetum lucidae Fagus lucidacyclobalanopsis nubiumcastanopsis lamontii 99 Fagus lucida Fagus englerianacyclobalanopsis glaucadaphniphyllum macropodum 9 Fagus lucida Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 9, 9 Table Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 9 9, 9 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana.. Table Fagetum engleriano-lucidae 0 Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Table. The number of species common to Fagus lucida forests and F. engleriana forests in China and Fagus forests in southern Japan A B C D Kyushu Sa-Fc 0 L-Fc St-Fj 0 Shikoku Sa-Fc St-Fj Sa-Fc : Sapio japonici-fagetum crenatae. L-Fc : Leucosceptrum stellipilum var. tosaense-fagetum crenatae. St-Fj : Styraco shiraianae-fagetum japonicae. A : Sinarundinario bashersuto-fagetum lucidae. B : Sinarundinario chungii- Fagetum lucidae. C : Sinarundinario nitido-fagetum lucidae. D : Fagetum engleriano-lucidae. 99, Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana Aceri davidiifagion lucidae all. nov. Fagetum englerianolucidae Fagus lucida, Acer davidii, Sor-

22 00 bus folgneri, Smilax stans, Cornus kousa, Rhododendron simsii, Hydrangea anomala, Viburnum sympodiale, Symplocos paniculata, Acer sinense, Viburnum erosum, Parthenocissus heterophylla, Viola schneideri, Carex filicina, Polygonatum cyrtonema, Ainsliaea henryi, Rhododendron mariesii, Litsea pungens, Pterygocalyx volubilis, Enkianthus serrulatus Sinarundinario bashersuto- Fagetum lucidae, Sinarundinario chungii- Fagetum lucidae, Fagetum englerianolucidae, Sinarundinario nitidofagetum lucidae,00,000 m F. crenata F. japonica Table Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana 00 F. lucida, F. engleriana Sinarundinaria Fagus lucida Fagus engleriana E. O. Box Braun-Blanquet, J. 9. Pflanzensoziologie, Grundzuge der Vegetationskunde, Aufl. pp. Springer, Wien. Cao, K. -F. 99. Fagus dominance in Chinese montane forests : Natural Regeneration of Fagus lucida and Fagus hayatae var. pashanica. pp. Doctoral thesis. Wageningen Agricultural University. Cao, K. -F. and Peters, R. 99. Species diversity of Chinese beech forests in relation to warmth and climatic disturbance. Ecol. Res. : 9. Cao, K. -F., Peters, R. and Oldeman, R. A. A. 99. Climatic ranges and distribution of Chinese Fagus species. J. Veg. Sci. :. 99 :.with English abstract 999 pp 99 pp. 90 pp Ellenberg, H. 9. Grundlagen der Vegetationgliederung Teil. Einfuhrung in die Phytologie von H. Walter, VI. pp. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. FAO-USCO. 9. FAO-USCO soil map of the world. 0 pp. FAO, Rome Fujiwara, K. 9. Aims and methods of phy-

23 July 00 J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. Vol.. No. tosociology or vegetation science pp.0 99 pp. 9 pp. 99 : 9.with English abstract 9 00 pp 99 : p.. 9 :. 9 pp. 0 9 pp 99 pp 9 pp. 90 Peters, R. 99. Ecology of beech forests in the northern hemisphere. pp. Doctoral thesis. Landbouwuniversiteit pp 99 :. 9 pp 9 : 9 :.with English abstract 9 : : 90.with English abstract 9 :. Wang Z. -X. and Fujiwara, K. 00. A preliminary vegetation study of Fagus forests in central China : species composition, structure and ecotypes. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. :. 9 : 9with English abstract 999 pp : 9. with English abstract Received August, 00 ; accepted May, 00

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