Microsoft PowerPoint - SSII_harada pptx
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3 The state of the world The gathered data The processed data w d r I( W; D) I( W; R) The data processing theorem states that data processing can only destroy information. David J.C. MacKay. Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms. Cambridge University Press 2003.
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6 Local Features, e.g. SIFT D. Lowe 12
7 d 2 d 3 d m d 1 d d j d N 1) Input Image d m 2) Detection 3) Description p( d; θ) d N d 2 d 1 d x f (θ) d j d 3 4) Local descriptors in feature space 5) PDF estimation 6) Feature vector
8 d 2 d 1 d m Local descriptors in feature space d d N d j d 3 Descriptor matching Codeboo Global feature # of anchor points: large # of anchor points: small Computational complexity: large Computational complexity: small SVM KNN Naïve Bayes Nearest Neighbor Graph Matching Kernel Bag of Visual Words Gaussian Mixture Model ScSPM, Super Vector, LLC Fisher Vector HLAC GLC Global Gaussian
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10 Visual Words
11 w 3 w 1 w 4 R d w 2
12 Bag of Visual Words Kernel codeboo d 1 w1 w2 w3 w4 [ f c ( x )] i K j 1 exp 2 exp d 2 i w d j 2 w 2 w1 w2 w3 w4 d 1 d 2 w1 w2 w3 w4 d 1 w1 w2 w3 w4 d 2 d 3 w1 w2 w3 w4 w 1 d 2 w 3 d 3 w1 w2 w3 w4 d 3 d 4 w1 w2 w3 w4 w 2 w1 w2 w3 w4 d 4 f BoW 1 N fbow( xi ) N i 1 d 4 w 4 f c 1 N fc ( xi ) N i 1 w1 w2 w3 w4 w1 w2 w3 w4
13 Image Local descriptors in feature space PDF estimation
14 Generative approach Image Local descriptors in feature space PDF estimation Fisher Kernel Feature vector Fisher Vector Discriminative classifier F. Perronnin and C. Dance. Fisher ernels on visual vocabularies for image categorization. CVPR, Discriminative approach Classifier e.g., SVMs Category
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19 net.org/challenges/lsvrc/2010/ilsvrc2010_xrce.pdf
20 K p( x; ) w Ν ( x;, 1 ) ˆμ 1 Image Local descriptors in feature space U U μ ~ ( ) ( ) 1/ w ( ) 2 μˆ μˆ GMM ( U ) ˆ N i1 μˆ K ˆμ 2 Means of components N i1 ( ) x i i ( ) i μ~ 1 μ~ 2 ( X ) μ ~ K GMM supervectors
21 N i i N i i i U x 1 1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ˆ ˆ μ N i i i U U N i i i U N i U U U x w N x i w w 1 2 1/ ) ( ) ( 1 2 1/ ) ( 1 ) ( 2 1/ ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( ) ( ) ( ˆ ) ( ~ μ μ 0 N i i Nw 1 ) ( N i i i i w N g 1 2 1/, ) ( 1 μ x N. Inoue and K. Shinoda. A Fast MAP Adaptation Technique for GMMsupervector based Video Semantic Indexing. ACM Multimedia, 2011.
22 Asymmetric Distance Computation
23 H. Jegou, M. Douze, C. Schmid, and P. Perez. Aggregating local descriptors into a compact image representation. CVPR, 2010.
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27 ( x) 0,,0 T,0, s,( x v),0, d 1dim d 1dim d 1dim T
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33 Max pooling Sparse coding Local features J. Yang, K. Yu, Y. Gong, and T. Huang. Linear spatial pyramid matching using sparse coding for image classification. CVPR, 2009.
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35 H. Naayama, T. Harada, and Y. Kuniyoshi. Dense Sampling Low Level Statistics of Local Features. In CIVR, GMM Single Gaussian
36 H. Naayama, T. Harada, and Y. Kuniyoshi. Dense Sampling Low Level Statistics of Local Features. In CIVR, 2009.
37 H. Naayama, T. Harada, and Y. Kuniyoshi. Global Gaussian Approach for Scene Categorization Using Information Geometry. In CVPR, Image 1 Local descriptor space Feature vector Feature vector Local descriptor space Image 2 (1) x (2) x Similarity? ( j) x (i) x (2) x ( ) x (1) x Manifold
38 H. Naayama, T. Harada, and Y. Kuniyoshi. Global Gaussian Approach for Scene Categorization Using Information Geometry. In CVPR, 2010.
39 H. Naayama, T. Harada, and Y. Kuniyoshi. Global Gaussian Approach for Scene Categorization Using Information Geometry. In CVPR, 2010.
40 Super Vector Coding VLAD GMM + Bag of Visual Words Fisher Vector Sparse Coding Global Gaussian Bag of Visual Words Local Coordinate Coding Locality constrained Linear Coding
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43 J. Sanchez, and F. Perronnin. High Dimensional Signature Compression for Large Scale Image Classification. In CVPR, 2011.
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45 識別機 CPU 識別機 識別機 識別機 CPU 識別機 識別機 識別機 CPU 識別機 識別機 データデータデータ データ データ データ HDD データ データ HDD HDD
46 D dim D/N dim D/N dim w 3 w 3 2^K w 3 w 3 w 1 w 4 w 1 w 4 w 1 w 4 w 1 w 4 w 2 w 2 w 2 w 2 NK/D [bit/dim] NK/D [bit/dim] NK/D [bit/dim] NK/D [bit/dim]
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48 net.org/challenges/lsvrc/2011/ilsvrc11.pdf
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