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1 CeF 3
2 KEK E391a KL 0 π0 νν E391a CeF (l =2) (l =3)
3 Data taking system(daq) Gain Run A 64 A A.2 KEK-T B 67 72
4 KEK E391a (KEK) 12GeV (KEK-PS) KL 0 π0 νν (KEK-PS E391a) 2003 KL 0 π0 νν KL K 0 L π 0 νν KL 0 π0 νν CP KL 0 CP = 1 π 0 νν π 0 νν π 0 CP = 1 νν CP =+1 νν π 0 l KL 0 0 l =1 π 0 νν CP = (+1)( 1)( 1) l=1 =+1 KL 0 π0 νν CP KL 0 π0 νν flavor GIM 1 [1] 1.1 Feynman Diagram KL 0 πνν V ij CKM [2, 3] 2 B(K 0 L π 0 νν) =6k 1 (Im(V td V ts)) 2 X 2 (x t ) k 1 = τ(k L) τ(k + ) B(K+ π 0 e + ν e ) Vus4π 2 2 sin θ W m t top quark M W W boson X(x t ) x t =(m t /M W ) 2 X(x t )= x t 8 α 2 ( xt +2 x t 1 + 3x ) t 6 (x t 1) 2 lnx t 1 Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani 2 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
5 1 4 s t W Z d s W Z d W s t d W l 1.1: Diagram of K 0 L π0 νν [4] CKM Wolfenstein parameterization[5] V ud V us V ub V CKM = V cd V cs V cb V td V ts V tb 1 λ 2 /2 λ Aλ 3 (ρ iη) λ 1 λ 2 /2 Aλ 2 Aλ 3 (1 ρ iη) Aλ 2 1 B(KL 0 π0 νν) = η 2 A 4 X 2 (x t ) η 2 A 4 xt 1.18 (m t 150GeV /c 2 ) A 1, λ 0.2, KL 0 π0 νν CP η K L 0 π0 νν E391a 12.9GeV/c EP2 4 o K0 K0 10m
6 1 5 6m 2GeV/c K 0 K 0 2mm radian Detector Detector KL 0 Barrel End-cap End-cap ( CeF 3 CsI) KL 0 π0 νν π 0 2γ 2γ End-cap 2 γ π 0 End-cap π 0 γ π 0 KL 0 π0 P T KL 0 π0 νν γ π 0 νν π 0 KL 0 π0 νν π 0 γ K 0 L γγ(b.r. = (5.92 ± 0.15) 10 4 ) K 0 L π0 π 0 (B.R. = (9.36 ± 0.20) 10 4 ) K 0 L π0 π 0 π 0 (B.R. = (2.112 ± 0.027) 10 1 ) Back ground 3 End-cap K 0 L γγ End-cap γ main 2γ reconstruct π 0 P T selection cut P T selection cut KL 0 π0 π 0 KL 0 π0 π 0 π 0 KL 0 π0 νν 1. End-cap 100MeV γ 2. P T > 120MeV/c KL 0 π0 νν [6, 7]( [8] ) E391a KL 0 Detector K0 L 3 K 0 L π 0 π 0 K 0 L π 0 π 0 π 0
7 1 6 Back ground End-cap ΔE/E =( ) 2.5 E[GeV ] E[GeV ] 2. Barrel γ inefficiency γ γ γ High rate radiation length 1980 CERN Crystal Clear Collaboration 1 E391a E391a
8 : KEK E391a
9 CERN KEK PET [9] (Radiation length) γ X 0 d Z X 0 X 0 1 d Z(Z +1) Z (NaI 100%) 4-5 (cm) 2.8 (ns) 5 fast,30 slow 1.68 (nm) 310 fast,340 slow (%/ ) 0.05 (dyn/cm 2 ) (g/cm 3 ) 6.16 (dyn/cm 2 ) (cm) 1.7 (/ ) : 1 Positron Emission Tomography %
10 : (nm) (%) ( 1.5) NaI CsI ( / ) ( / )
11 γ [11][13] ( 1.5) NaI CsI(pure) Z γ 2.2 [10][12]
12 2 11 CeF 3 BaF 2 BGO CsF CsI(pure) PWO NaI(Tl) GSO (g/cm 3 ) Radiation length(cm) Dacay time(ns) short , long > [ms] Emission peak(nm) short long > Light yield NaI(Tl) Radiation hardness(rad) >10 8 quartz slow cost UV-glass slow cost PMT PMT slow comp slow comp 2.2:
13 CeF 3 CeF ( ) Ce 5d 4f 4 Ce 3+ γ (STE) 2.2 (1) (2) Ce 3+ (3) [11][16] Conduction Band 5d(Ce) photon photon photon (1) (2) (3) 4f(Ce) Valence Band 2p(F) Core Level 5p(Ce) excitation transitions emission transitions non-radiative transitions 2.2: CeF 3 4 V k F V k F
14 KEK-E391a collaboration 2.3 No.1 (004) No.2 No1 No.2 No.3 (300) ( ) 2.3: No1 No3 13%
15 2 14 KEK E391a 5 ( ) ( ) : KEK OKEN CERN Crystal clear collaboration KEK E391a Crystal Clear Collaboration E391a [10] 5 Bridgeman-stockberger
16 rad KEK E391a KEK E391a E391a CeF 3 CsI(pure) BaF 2 BGO NaI(Tl) : rad rad Co γ rad hr rad 1.06 sec 10 3 rad 10.6 sec 10 4 rad sec 10 5 rad sec 10 6 rad sec
17 : 220
18 : 3.3: γ
19 φ 15mm u : 3.4 : : d u : 3.6 : : d u : 3.8 : CF034 : d : 6 60 Co 10 3 rad 10 6 rad rad rad 10 4 rad 1 2
20 : u 10 X rad X 3.5: d
21 : u 10 X rad X 3.7: d
22 : u 10 X rad X 3.9: d
23 ( 3.4,3.5) ( 3.8,3.9) ( ) 10 6 rad 14-15% CF % 2.4 [10] u 10 6 rad 500nm 15% 310,340nm 10% 10 6 rad
24 CERN Crystal Clear Collaboration 5ns 30ns [9, 12, 14, 15, 16] KEK Private communication 200ns 310nm 340nm 480nm KEK E391a KEK E391a nm d 310nm 5 10% u (0.02%) d u d 4.1: SPC
25 : Sample ( ) 270nm [17] 60 Co 60 Co 1.173MeV 1.33MeV 2 γ γ γ 1 CAMAC TDC 1 1 TDC : Time to Digital Converter CAMAC start pulse stop pulse 500ns 150μsec clear 3μsec
26 : Start counter (HAMAMATSU H2431 A.1 ) 2.5cm 60 Co Start counter (OKEN 6262A ) 5mm Start counter TDC Stop counter (HAMAMATSU H1161 A.1 ) 60 Co β γ
27 cm Stop counter 60 Co γ Start counter 3000V Stop counter 2400V AVR 2 3m BNC ( B) Stop counter 4.5 Logic 4.3 Start counter Stop counter Divider START COUNTER H2431 DIV Delay CLOCK DISC DISC GDG GDG Delay COIN 1 DISC F i/o GDG COIN TDC 1 TDC 2 START CLEAR ADC 1 GATE CLEAR ADC 2 GATE CLEAR STOP COUNTER H1161 DIV COIN 2 GDG GDG INT REG COIN SCALER Delay DISC GDG Delay OUT REG 4.3: 2 1 Delay ADC 2 Stop counter ADC Discriminator Start counter 2 ADC : Analogue to Digital Converter Start counter ADC 100μsec clear 3μsec Stop counter Lecroy (2249A) 150μsec clear 3μsec
28 mV Stop counter Discriminator 10mV Discriminator Coin 1 Start PMT Stop PMT 430ns Coin 2 Start PMT 400ns Stop PMT 4.4: Coincidence 2 GDG coincidence TDC Start Stop coincidence coincidence Start Stop 1 coincidence 4.3 Start Stop coincidence Coin1 latch GDG OR (F i/o) latch Coin1 veto OR Start counter ADC TDC GDG ADC Interrupt register Interrupt register LAM(look at me) ADC TDC output register ADC TDC clear latch Interrupt register 500μsec output register latch 3 GDG : Gate Delay Generator NIM
29 4 28 5μsec ADC TDC clear Coin2 Stop counter ADC Coin1 latch Coin2 veto Coin1 Coin1 Start counter Stop counter Stop counter Coin2 Stop counter 4.5 Start ADC Stop ADC 2 ADC Start stop 260nsec
30 4 29 H photon histgram 4.5: Stop counter(h1161) ADC
31 [17] F (t) = l a j exp( t/τ j )+bkg (4.1) j=1 a j t 4 τ j bkg l 2 3 l =2 l =3 3 TDC TDC 200 (4.1) bkg (l =2) CERN Crystal clear collaboration Decay time ( ) 3 5ns 30ns E391a 324ch 1200ch 114ns ch N TDC 1ch 129.5psec (ns) (ns) χ 2 /ndf d 3.85± ± u 2.35± ± d 3.17± ± u 3.02± ± : 4 TDC 5 CERN PAW
32 4 31 TDC 2ch d TDC 2ch u TDC 2ch d TDC 2ch u 4.6: 2
33 4 32 H1161 ( ) (4.1) F (t) a1 exp( t/τ 1 ) dt F (t) dt 100(%) d d 310nm d 5 10% 2.4 (%) (%) d( ) u( ) d( ) u( ) : (l =3) 30ns 2 345ns 2 (4.1) (l =3) TDC ch( 345ns) (4.1) i 4.5 ai exp( t/τ i ) dt F (t) dt 100(%) 6 (p.37)
34 (ns) 2 (ns) 3 (ns) χ 2 /ndf d 3.37± ± ± u 2.15± ± ± d 2.81± ± ± u 2.69± ± ± : 1 (%) 2 (%) 3 (%) d( ) u( ) d( ) u( ) : nm nm nm A.J. Wojtowicz [21] 310nm 340nm 370nm 50ns (ns) (ns) χ 2 /ndf 340nm (μs) nm : 2
35 4 34 TDC 2ch d TDC 2ch u TDC 2ch d TDC 2ch u 4.7:
36 4 35 filter none filter 300nm filter 340nm filter 370nm 4.8:
37 4 36 TDC 2ch S76-UV34(340nm) TDC 2ch S76-L37(370nm) 4.9:
38 ns 2 30ns CERN Stop counter 1ns ns 1ns % KEK private communication ns 2 χ TDC 340ns μs χ 2 (2 ) χ 2 (3 ) d u d u : χ 2 340nm 18μs 370nm 622ns τ 340nm 30ns 10% Stop counter
39 d % 6.7% E391a KL 0 480kHz[18]
40 [19, 20] (KEK) T1 0.4GeV/c 2.0GeV/c ( π ) : T1
41 KEK T1 12GeV 23 o (Q) (D) Q-Q-D-D 2.0GeV/c e + π + π 5.1 D : TOF 1 3.8m 2GeV/c TOF 20 β> P electron > 17.84MeV/c π P π > 4.87GeV/c T1 2GeV/c TOF TOF 1 Time Of Flight
42 mm 1spill CeF PHOTONIS XP2978( A.2) 200nm fused silica (KE-103 ) nm 80% 5.3: mm GeV 1spill
43 : No5 5.5: (nm) (%) ) 3 330mm 19.5X 0 100% 80 TSE3033( ) 9 π ( ) HV BNC 15m
44 Logic 5.6 S1 S TOF start counter(right) TOF start counter(left) Trigger counter 1 TOF stop counter(right) TOF stop counter(left) Trigger counter 2 Trigger counter 3 Cerenkov counter 1 Cerenkov counter 2 S1R S1L S2 S3R S3L S4 S5 C1 C2 Divider 2 ADC Discriminator TOF Discriminator Mean timer 3 3dB 2 Cerenkov counter(c1 C2) (0.5 2GeV/C) C1 C2 C1 C2 π C1 C2 TOF Start counter S1 TOF Stop counter(s2) TOF π NIM
45 5 44 CeF3 1 Delay CeF3 2 Delay CeF3 3 Delay CeF3 4 Delay CeF3 5 Delay CeF3 6 Delay CeF3 7 Delay CeF3 8 Delay CeF3 9 Delay S3L Clock Mean timer S3R Hadron trigger ADC gate width:220ns S2 S4 S5 veto Switch A B C Master trigger veto TDC gate Interrupt register C1 start LATCH stop C2 Electron trigger Out put register S1L Mean timer S1R 5.6: TDC
46 5 45 TDC 5.7: TDC 1.5GeV/c π +
47 Data taking system(daq) CAMAC Linux PC [24] TOF 9 ADC TDC 18ch 36ch veto 96ch GeV/c π 300mm S mm S5 π MIP 4 3 deposit No.5 Gain 8 Gain 9 calibration 5.9 ADC Run 300mm PMT PMT PMT 5.8: 4 Minimum Ionizing Particle.
48 5 47 CeF3 9 CeF3 8 CeF3 7 CeF3 6 CeF3 5 CeF3 4 CeF3 3 CeF3 2 CeF : ADC deposit energy Gaussian fit No.5 8 mean No.5 mean (C i ) Gain PMT No. C i PMT No. C i PMT No. C i :
49 5 48 CeF3 9 CeF3 8 CeF3 7 CeF3 6 CeF3 5 CeF3 4 CeF3 3 CeF3 2 CeF :
50 Gain Gain (Gain) A No.5 No.5 KEK 1120V N 5.11 NIM clock generator TTL (width 25ns) clock generator NIM GDG qvt qvt qvt 1ch pC( ) rate 2 HV Filter Signal Out PMT 5.11: (1120V) 5.12 (LED) LED μ σ N
51 : Gauss fit mean 99ch 252.6ch σ E = σ N = 1 (5.1) N N p.e. = 1 ( σ E )2 (5.2) 5.12 N σ (ch) mean 252.6(ch) E =( ) ( ) (E) 153.6ch 38.66pC N (5.2) N p.e =( )2 = (p.e) e = = 38.66pC = e
52 V 1200V Gain Gain 5.13 (V) Gain G(V ) G(V )= V 4.42 (5.3) Gain (1300V) (1120V) ±5.7% 1120V Gain Gain curve % Gain Gain curve
53 : CeF 3 No.5 Gain 5.14: (V)
54 Run 0.5GeV/c 1GeV/c 1.5GeV/c (Linearity) 3. 2GeV/c 10spill 1 (GeV/c) /spill 1.0 1/spill /spill 2.0 <0.1/spill 1GeV/c ADC ADC-2 ADC-4 6 S E = 9 C i (ADC i P i ) i=1 C i Gain 5.1 ADC i i ADC P i ADC GeV/c 9
55 5 54 ADC-9 ADC-8 ADC-7 ADC-6 ADC-5 ADC-4 ADC-3 ADC-2 ADC : 1GeV/c ADC 5.3 deposit ADC ADC Gauss fit m σ f(x) = 1 ( ) (x m) 2 exp 2πσ 2σ 2 (5.4) 5.17 σ E = a E(GeV ) + b (5.5)
56 5 55 a b σ E = (3.7 ± 0.3) 102 E(GeV ) + (6.3 ± 31.0) 10 4 (5.6)
57 5 56 SUM 5.16: GeV/c ADC
58 5 57 Energy resolution Injection Energy(GeV) 5.17: (GeV)
59 5 58 Linearity 2.2 ADC 5.18 ADC ADC σ ADC channel Injection energy(gev) 5.18: CeF 3 (GeV) ADC
60 Gain (5.3) 1120V ADC 1ch 0.263pC 3. ADC channel q 4. q PMT Gain q 5. N p.e. q / e Attenuator 3dB db = 20 ln V out V in (5.7) V in = e 3 20 Vout =1.162 V out ADC ADC 1.16 Divider 2 ADC MeV N p.e. = x (GeV) (5.8) 1MeV 970
61 5 60 Np.e Injection energy(gev) 5.19: (GeV)
62 GeV/c 1.0GeV/c 1.5GeV/c E391a deposit 1MeV 970 σ E = (3.7 ± 0.3) 102 E(GeV ) + (6.3 ± 31.0)
63 Co γ 10 6 rad 10 6 rad 10% 6.2 3ns 30ns 340nm 30ns 6.3 π E σ = (3.7±0.3) 102 +(6.3±31.0) 10 4 E(GeV )
64 6 63 deposit 1MeV ns TDC
65 64 A A.1 H2431 H nm 10% 25% H V H V [22] H2431 TOF(Time of flight) start trigger A.1 Rise Transit T.T.S. Tube Time Time Typ. Name Typ. Typ. FWHM (ns) (ns) (ns) H H A.1: H1161 stop trigger 1.1ns 1 1ns H1161 A.1 A.2 KEK-T466 PHOTONIS ( PHILIPS) XP2978 factor ( ) A.2
66 A 65 A.1: (ma/w) 1 1/8 fused silica 1800V 1.9ns A.2: XP2978
67 A 66 A.2 [23] (%) = 124 (ma/w ) λ(nm) A nm 0.83% 22.0% (310nm 20% 340nm 22%) A.2: (ma/w)
68 67 B slow ( ) S76-UV30 S76-UV30 S76-UV34 S76-L37 S76-L39 S76-L42 300nm, 340nm, 370nm, 390nm, 420nm B.1: S76-UV30
69 B 68 B.2: S76-UV34 B.3: S76-l37
70 B 69 B.4: S76-l39 B.5: S76-l42
71 70 [1] S.L. Glashow and J. Iliopoulos and L. Maiani, Phys. Rev. D2,1285(1970) [2] N. Cabibbo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10,531 [3] M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49,652(1973) [4] T. Inami and C.S. Lim, Prog. Theor. Phys 65,297(1981), 65,1772(1981) [5] L. Wolfenstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51,1945(1983) [6] W.J. Marciano and Z. Parsa, Phys. Rev. D53, R1(1996) [7] G. Buchalla and A.J. Buras, Phys. Rev. D54, 6782(1996) [8] A. Alavi-Harati et al., Phys. Rev. D61, (2000) [9] D.F. Anderson, FERMILAB-Pub (1989) 169 [10] Proceedings of the Workshop on Scintillating Crystals(KEK,1997) [11] CeF 3 (2000) [12] D.F. Anderson, Nucl. and Meth A287 (1990) [13] F. ( ) ( 1991) [14] T.Inagaki, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth A443 (2000) [15] IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.36, No.1 (1989) [16] E. Auffray,et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth A383 (1996) [17] D.V.O Connor, D. Phillips ( 1988) [18] T. Inagaki et al, KEK Internal Proposal of an Experiment at the KEK 12GeV Proton Synchrotron Measurement of the K 0 L π0 νν
72 B 71 [19] E. Auffray, et al., CERN-PPE (1994) [20] E. Auffray, et al., CERN-PPE (1995) [21] IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.39, No.4 (1992) [22] (1998) [23] PHOTONIS PMT Catalogue(1999), Photomultiplier tubes [24] 8GeV (1999)
73 72 M1 4
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BELLE TOP 12 1 3 2 BELLE 4 2.1 BELLE........................... 4 2.1.1......................... 4 2.1.2 B B........................ 7 2.1.3 B CP............... 8 2.2 BELLE...................... 9 2.3
main.dvi
MICE Sci-Fi 2 15 3 7 1 1 5 1.1 MICE(Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment)............. 5 1.1.1........................... 5 1.1.2............................... 7 1.1.3 MICE.......................... 10
2005 4 18 3 31 1 1 8 1.1.................................. 8 1.2............................... 8 1.3.......................... 8 1.4.............................. 9 1.5.............................. 9
25 3 4
25 3 4 1 µ e + ν e +ν µ µ + e + +ν e + ν µ e e + TAC START STOP START veto START (2.04 ± 0.18)µs 1/2 STOP (2.09 ± 0.11)µs 1/8 G F /( c) 3 (1.21±0.09) 5 /GeV 2 (1.19±0.05) 5 /GeV 2 Weinberg θ W sin θ W
Drift Chamber
Quench Gas Drift Chamber 23 25 1 2 5 2.1 Drift Chamber.............................................. 5 2.2.............................................. 6 2.2.1..............................................
W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge
![W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge](/thumbs/91/105929864.jpg "W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge")
22 2 24 W 1983 W ± Z 0 3 10 cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC 65000 18 ADC [ (µs)] = 0.0207[] 0.0151 (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ 2 2 1 20 µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (GeV) 2 G µ ( hc) 3 1 1 7 1.1.............................
Muon Muon Muon lif
2005 2005 3 23 1 2 2 2 2.1 Muon.......................................... 2 2.2 Muon........................... 2 2.3................................. 3 2.4 Muon life time.........................................
positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) MeV : thermalization m psec 100
positron 1930 Dirac 1933 Anderson m 22Na(hl=2.6years), 58Co(hl=71days), 64Cu(hl=12hour) 68Ge(hl=288days) 0.5 1.5MeV : thermalization 10 100 m psec 100psec nsec E total = 2mc 2 + E e + + E e Ee+ Ee-c mc
1 1 (proton, p) (neutron, n) (uud), (udd) u ( ) d ( ) u d ( ) 1: 2: /2 1 0 ( ) ( 2) 0 (γ) 0 (g) ( fm) W Z 0 0 β( )
( ) TA 2234 oda@phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp TA (M1) 2161 sumi@epp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp TA (M1) 2161 takada@epp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp TA (M1) 2254 tanaka@epp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp µ ( ) 1 2 1.1...............................................
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC
![[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC](/thumbs/91/107208011.jpg "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC")
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ADC BS1 m1 PMT m2 BS2 PMT1 PMT ADC PMT2 α PMT α α = n ω n n Pn TMath::Poisson(x,[0]) 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 λ 1.5 ω n 2 = ( α 2 ) n n! e α 2 α 2 = λ = λn n! e λ Poisson Pn 0.1
Λ (Λ ) Λ (Ge) Hyperball γ ΛN J-PARC Λ dead time J-PARC flash ADC 1 dead time ( ) 1 µsec 3
19 Λ (Λ ) Λ (Ge) Hyperball γ ΛN J-PARC Λ dead time J-PARC flash ADC 1 dead time ( ) 1 µsec 3 1 1 1.1 γ ΛN................. 1 1.2 KEK J-PARC................................ 2 1.2.1 J-PARC....................................
24 10 10 1 2 1.1............................ 2 2 3 3 8 3.1............................ 8 3.2............................ 8 3.3.............................. 11 3.4........................ 12 3.5.........................
thesis.dvi
3 17 03SA210A 2005 3 1 introduction 1 1.1 Positronium............ 1 1.2 Positronium....................... 4 1.2.1 moderation....................... 5 1.2.2..................... 6 1.2.3...................
Mｏｔｔ散乱によるParity対称性の破れを検証
Mott Parity P2 Mott target Mott Parity Parity Γ = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 t P P ),,, ( 3 2 1 0 1 γ γ γ γ γ γ ν ν µ µ = = Γ 1 : : : Γ P P P P x x P ν ν µ µ vector axial vector ν ν µ µ γ γ Γ ν γ
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MPPC 18 2 16 MPPC(Multi Pixel Photon Counter), MPPC T2K MPPC T2K (HPK) CPTA, MPPC T2K p,π T2K > 5 10 5 < 1MHz > 15% 200p.e. MIP 5p.e. p/π MPPC HPK MPPC 2 1 MPPC 5 1.1...................................
1/2 ( ) 1 * 1 2/3 *2 up charm top -1/3 down strange bottom 6 (ν e, ν µ, ν τ ) -1 (e) (µ) (τ) 6 ( 2 ) 6 6 I II III u d ν e e c s ν µ µ t b ν τ τ (2a) (
August 26, 2005 1 1 1.1...................................... 1 1.2......................... 4 1.3....................... 5 1.4.............. 7 1.5.................... 8 1.6 GIM..........................
cm λ λ = h/p p ( ) λ = cm E pc [ev] 2.2 quark lepton u d c s t b e 1 3e electric charge e color charge red blue green qq
![cm λ λ = h/p p ( ) λ = cm E pc [ev] 2.2 quark lepton u d c s t b e 1 3e electric charge e color charge red blue green qq](/thumbs/89/98710373.jpg "cm λ λ = h/p p ( ) λ = cm E pc [ev] 2.2 quark lepton u d c s t b e 1 3e electric charge e color charge red blue green qq")
2007 2007 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 2007 2 4 5 6 6 2 2.1 1: KEK Web page 1 1 1 10 16 cm λ λ = h/p p ( ) λ = 10 16 cm E pc [ev] 2.2 quark lepton 2 2.2.1 u d c s t b + 2 3 e 1 3e electric charge
29 1 29 1 K O TO (J-PARC E14 ) BHCV K O TO J-PARC K L π ν ν BHCV BHCV K L π ν ν BHCV 99.5% BHCV CF 4 MWPC BHCV 99.8% BHCV 2 1 K O TO 4 1.1........................................ 4 1.2 K L π ν ν................................
PET. PET, PET., PET 1, TPC 3.,. TPC,,.
PET TPC 21 2 9 PET. PET, PET., PET 1, TPC 3.,. TPC,,. 1 6 2 PET 7 2.1........................... 7 2.1.1 PET..................... 7 2.1.2.......................... 10 2.2..............................
1 3 1.1 PET..................................... 3 1.1.1......................................... 3 1.1.2 PET................................. 4 1.2..
21 PET 06S2037G 2010 3 1 3 1.1 PET..................................... 3 1.1.1......................................... 3 1.1.2 PET................................. 4 1.2........................................
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016 9 3 6 0 016 1 0 1 10 1 1 17 1..,,..,. 1 1 c = h = G = ε 0 = 1. 1.1 L L T V 1.1. T, V. d dt L q i L q i = 0 1.. q i t L q i, q i, t L ϕ, ϕ, x µ x µ 1.3. ϕ x µ, L. S, L, L S = Ld 4 x 1.4 = Ld 3 xdt 1.5
SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT
![SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT](/thumbs/92/110123587.jpg "SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT")
3 SPECT SJ SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography ) SPECT FWHM 3 4mm [] MPPC SPECT MPPC LSO 6mm 67.5 photo electron 78% kev γ 4.6 photo electron SPECT 9ch MPPC array 3 3 9 3 3 9.mm(sigma) . SPECT..................................................................3............
soturon.dvi
Stopped Muon 94S2003J 11 3 10 1 2 2 3 2.1 Muon : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 3 2.2 : : : : : : : : 4 2.3 : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 3 7 3.1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
CdTe γ 02cb059e :
CdTe γ 02cb059e : 2006 5 2 i 1 1 1.1............................................ 1 1.2............................................. 2 1.3............................................. 2 2 3 2.1....................................
6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2
![6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2](/thumbs/92/109118076.jpg "6 2 T γ T B (6.4) (6.1) [( d nm + 3 ] 2 nt B )a 3 + nt B da 3 = 0 (6.9) na 3 = T B V 3/2 = T B V γ 1 = const. or T B a 2 = const. (6.10) H 2 = 8π kc2")
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