MPGD GEM
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- いおり えんの
- 9 years ago
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1 19 GEM /3/13
2 MPGD GEM MICROMEGAS MSGC X keV X X GEM(Gas Electron Multiplier) GEM GEM GEM GEM V GEM
3 4.2.2 E D E I E T G T G I E T GEM µm GEM V GEM E D E I µm µm GEM GEM Radiation GEM GEM E D E I V GEM ASIC FPGA GEM ASIC FPGA ASIC FPGA V TH V chip TH VTH ch GEM B-GEM B-GEM
4 V GEM B B-GEM γ mm mm MUSASI NOP MINE MINE B-GEM GEM X GEM X GEM GEM X
5 108 4
6 1 ( ) MPGD(Micro Pattern Gas Detector) MPGD X MPGD GEM X (J-PARC) X 1.1 (10 5 ) 5
7 1.2 MPGD MPGD MPGD 3 1. GEM(Gas Electron Multiplier) 2. MICROMEGAS(Micromesh Gaseous Detector) 3. MSGC(Micro Strip Gas Chamber) GEM GEM 10 5 Hz/mm 2 ( ) GEM 1.1: GEM( 70µm 140µm) 6
8 1.2.2 MICROMEGAS MICROMEGAS 50µm 1.2: MICROMEGAS MSGC MSGC µ-pic GEM 1.3: µ-pic 7
9 MPGD GEM 1.3 X X GEM GEM X 3 He GEM 20cm 20cm 50 1mm X CCD X 1 1 X GEM X 1 1 X X 200keV 10 FWHM 0.3mm 500keV 1.7 FWHM 1mm 20cm 20cm 8
10 2 GEM [1] (γ ) ( ) E B E B K 500keV 50keV 9
11 2.1: ( ) E E 2.1 E = 0.51 [MeV ] (2.1) 1 cosθ /E 0.51MeV (θ=0) θ = π/2 0.51MeV 0.6 5MeV MeV 2.2: 10
12 MeV 2.3: ( 100m/s) ( ) 11
13 keV X Ar Ar K 3.2keV X 55 Fe X 5.9keV 5.9keV X ( ) 3.2keV 2.7keV Ar M Ar 100 Ar M L K X X X X Ar M X K M Ar L X X K X L M K 3.2keV Ar
14 2.4: E auger X E through Ar E auger E through E auger : E through = 85 : de/dx 55 Fe X 55 Fe X 5.9keV 2.2 n = 5900 w[ev ] (2.2) w 1 Ar Ar w 26eV
15 3 GEM(Gas Electron Multiplier) GEM 3.1 GEM GEM ( ) 5µm GEM 50µm GEM [2] 10cm 10cm 50µm 70µm 140µm V GEM ( ) 10 5 Hz/mm 2 GEM GEM MICROMEGAS GEM [3] 3.2 GEM GEM CERN F.Sauli CERN [4] GEM CERN GEM
16 : 3.3 GEM GEM GEM GEM GEM v 1 2 mv2 3.2: 15
17 3.4 GEM GEM GEM1 GEM1 GEM R D ( ) R T ( ) R I ( ) GEM1 R D GEM1 GEM2 GEM2 GEM3 GEM R T1 R T2 GEM3 R I R D GEM GEM (collection efficiency) R T GEM GEM GEM R I GEM GEM (extraction efficiency) GEM collection efficiency GEM extraction efficiency 3 3 GEM 3.3: GEM 3 50µm GEM 100µm GEM 16
18 4 GEM GEM mm 20cm 20cm 5cm GEM 4.1: cm 10cm 1.6cm 1.6cm 6 6 ( 4.2) 17
19 4.2: Belle CDC(Central Drift Chamber) 300mV/pC NIM CAMAC 2 NIM CAMAC ADC 2249W 300nsec ADC 2390pC/ch NIM CAMAC ADC Mean Pedestal (ADC ) (Mean Pedestal) ( ) ( ) ( ) (GEM3 ) 18
20 4.3: : 4.2 GEM GEM V GEM E D E T E I G T G I 19
21 4.1 P10 Ar-CO 2 P10 Ar-CH 4 (90-10) Ar-CO 2 Ar-CO 2 (70-30) 4.1: V GEM (V) E D (kv/cm) E T1 (kv/cm) E T2 (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) V GEM P Ar-CO E D P Ar-CO E I P Ar-CO E T P Ar-CO E T1 Ar-CO E T2 Ar-CO G T E T P Ar-CO G I E I P Ar-CO ADC GEM GEM GEM GEM V GEM GEM V GEM V GEM V GEM GEM GEM GEM1 ( V GEM ) GEM2 3 V GEM V GEM 55 Fe 5.9keV X P10 Ar-CO
22 4.5: 4.6 GEM P10 55 Fe X 225 V GEM =290V V GEM 1V 9 Ar-CO 2 55 Fe X 213 V GEM =320V V GEM 1V 7 4.6: V GEM V GEM P V Ar-CO V 21
23 4.2.2 E D R D GEM collection efficiency 4.7 R D E D 4.7: Maxwell Garfield ( 4.9) GEM GEM Ar-CO 2 P10 R D GEM R D GEM E D GEM 22
24 4.8: E D 4.9: Maxwell Garfield E D 23
25 4.2.3 E I R I GEM extraction efficiency 4.10 R I E I 4.10: GEM 24
26 4.11: E I 4.12: Maxwell Garfield E I E T R T GEM GEM ( ) GEM 4.13 E T1 E T GEM E I E T1 E T E T1 E T
27 4.13: 4.14: 2 26
28 4.15: E T1 E T2 4.16: E T1 E T2 2 27
29 R T 4.13 GEM1 GEM2 R I GEM2 GEM3 R D E T : 4.17 GEM GEM G T G T E T 4.18 G T 1 2 4mm P E T P10 G T G T Ar-CO Ar-CO 2 28
30 4.18: 4.19: G T (P10) 29
31 4.20: G T (Ar-CO 2 ) G I G I E I 4.21 G I mm P Ar-CO G I 30
32 4.21: 4.22: G I (P10) 31
33 4.23: G I (Ar-CO 2 ) 4.3 GEM mm 0.2mm : 32
34 4.25: CAMAC ADC pulse transfomer 30m ( 0.5m) GEM G D =4mm G T1 =2mm G T2 =2mm G I =1mm Fe X 4.27 GEM ADC X 33
35 4.26: 4.27: 34
36 ch ( ) 4.28 (0) ( ) : strip 4.29: Strip X (Center Of Gravity: ) 35
37 4.30: Strip 4.31: Strip 36
38 1. ADC X 5 ADC ADC Y C.O.G P10 Ar-CO 2 V GEM 4.32(P10) 4.33(Ar-CO 2 ) 4.32: (P10) 4.32(P10) 4.33(Ar-CO 2 ) GEM X GEM 2 GEM G D G T G I G Total (Total Gap) G Total 37
39 4.33: (Ar-CO 2 ) G D G Total = G D 2 + (G T1 + G T2 ) + G I GEM G D =4mm G T1 =2mm G T2 =2mm G I =1mm G D G T1 G T2 G I = G Total 7mm 2 GEM G D G T1 G I = G Total 3.75mm 2 GEM 1 G T1 4.2: GEM GEM structure G Total P10 Ar-CO 2 3 GEM G D G T1 G T2 G I = G D G T1 G T2 G I = G D G T1 G T2 G I = G D G T1 G T2 G I = GEM G D G T1 G I = G D G T1 G I = G Total 38
40 GEM G Total GEM G Total 4.34 Magboltz ( ) GEM 4.34: 4.34 GEM Ar-CO 2 X E T R T : E T V GEM (V) E D (kv/cm) E T1 (kv/cm) E T2 (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) E T P Ar-CO
41 4.35: 4.36: E T 40
42 P10 Ar-CO 2 P10 Ar-CO 2 GEM 100µm 41
43 5 GEM µm GEM 50µm GEM 3 50µm GEM 3 1 GEM 100µm GEM Ar-CO 2 [5] 100µm GEM 10cm 10cm LCP( ) 100µm 70µm 90µm 140µm 70µm 90µm 50µm GEM 70µm 90µm LCP(Liquid Crystal Polymer) 50µm GEM V GEM E D E I µm GEM 55 Fe 50µm GEM V GEM µm GEM V GEM 50µm V GEM 50µm GEM 100µm GEM 50µm GEM
44 5.1: 5.1: 100µm GEM V GEM (V) E D (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) 70µm V GEM Ar-CO E D Ar-CO E I Ar-CO µm V GEM Ar-CO E D Ar-CO : 50µm GEM 100µm GEM V GEM 43
45 5.1.3 E D E I E D E I : 50µm GEM 100µm GEM E D 5.4: 50µm GEM 100µm GEM E I E D 50µm GEM µm 90µm 140µm V GEM µm 44
46 5.5: V GEM 70µm E D : E D 70µm 50µm GEM R T 90µm E I 45
47 5.2 25µm GEM GEM X 25µm GEM 25µm GEM 10cm 10cm 25µm 70µm 140µm : 25µm GEM E D (kv/cm) E T (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) 5.7 Ar-CO Ar-CO µm GEM 100µm GEM 5.7: µm GEM V GEM GEM GEM 1 46
48 5.8: 25µm GEM µm GEM : 47
49 V GEM (V) pulse height (100µm GEM) (mv) : 25µm GEM V GEM (V) V GEM (V) pulse height (100µm GEM) (25µm GEM) (mv) : 25µm GEM 25µm GEM 1 160V 50µm GEM GEM GEM 1 GEM GEM GEM 23cm 23cm 50µm 70µm 140µm ( 90 Sr 55 Fe) :
50 5.5: GEM V GEM1 2 3 (V) E D (kv/cm) E T1 (kv/cm) E T2 (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) Ar-CO GEM V GEM E D E I 5.11: 90 Sr 5.12: 55 Fe 5.4 Radiation GEM GEM X GEM 100µm GEM γ 60 Co 100Mrad (Radiation GEM ) 100µm GEM µm GEM(70µm ) γ γ 5.5 GEM GEM1 100µm GEM GEM 49
51 図 5.13: Radiation GEM と通常の 100µm 厚 GEM(70µm 径) の VGEM に対するガス増幅度の 測定 検出面積 10cm 10cm LCP(絶縁体) の厚さ 100µm 孔径 (Cu) 90µm 径 130µm 径 孔径 (LCP) 70µm 径 90µm 径 ピッチ間隔 140µm 電極である Cu の孔径と LCP の孔径を変え 絶縁体の孔径を小さくすることで高いガス増幅度 が得られるようにした この GEM を後退 GEM と呼ぶ 後退 GEM には 2 種類あり それぞれで Cu と LCP の孔径が異なる それぞれの様子を表した ものが図 5.14 と図 5.15 である 図 5.14: 後退 GEM 孔径 90µm 径 (Cu) 図 5.15: 後退 GEM 孔径 130µm 径 (Cu) 70µm 径 (LCP) 90µm 径 (LCP) 50
52 GEM V GEM E D E I 100µm GEM 100µm GEM : GEM V GEM (V) E D (kv/cm) E I (kv/cm) E D Ar-CO E I Ar-CO V GEM Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO E D E D : E D E D 51
53 5.5.2 E I E I : E I E I V GEM V GEM E D 50µm GEM 100µm GEM E D E I E D V GEM E I 6.0kV/cm E D : E D V GEM 52
54 E D 4.0kV/cm E D 4.0kV/cm E I : E I V GEM E I 100µm GEM 53
55 6 ASIC FPGA GEM NIM CAMAC GEM X NIM CAMAC ch 256ch 6.1: (NIM CAMAC) ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit) FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) 6.1 ASIC FPGA GEM
56 6.2: ASIC FPGA 6.2 GEM 10cm 10cm GEM GEM ASIC 4 FPGA ASIC FE2006 ASIC [6] FPGA XiLinx XC4VLX25-10FF668 FPGA ASIC FPGA NIM+CAMAC : PC PC 55
57 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) TCP ( ) ( ) TCP ASIC UDP(User Datagram Protocol) UDP TCP : (HV) (LV) PC HV- LV- ( ) ( ) ( ) HV ( ) LV ( ) ( ) ASIC FPGA FPGA PC : 56
58 6.2 GEM : 6.5 ASIC ASIC GEM 6.6: ( ) 57
59 : ( ) ( ) ASIC FPGA ASIC FPGA ASIC 4 FPGA 1 ASIC FPGA PC ASIC FPGA ASIC 1 ASIC 8 ASIC ASIC 1 8ch 1 64ch ASIC 6.8 ASIC ASIC DAC DAC V chip TH ASIC DAC DAC V ch TH 58
60 6.8: ASIC V TH V TH (LVDS) FPGA FPGA DAC ASIC ASIC : FE2006 DAC(V chip TH ) (10µsec) PZC(Pole Zero Cancellation) (20nsec ) V ch TH LVDS BPF(Band Pass Filter) ch ASIC ASIC 8 FPGA 59
61 6.10: 6.11: ASIC 60
62 6.3.2 FPGA FPGA : FPGA LVDS FPGA PC SiTCP PC SiTCP DAC V TH ASIC SiTCP [7] SiTCP SiTCP (TCP/IP) TCP TCP SiTCP TCP/IP SiTCP 6.13 SiTCP TCP UDP DAC SiTCP FPGA 6.14 FPGA Virtex FPGA ASIC 4 61
63 6.13: SiTCP 6.14: FPGA 62
64 6.4 V TH V TH DAC V TH V TH VTH ch Vchip TH V TH V chip TH V chip TH DAC FPGA 500mV < V chip TH < +500mV 1bit 4mV 8bit V chip TH PC V ch TH VTH ch ASIC DAC FPGA 31mV < VTH ch < 0mV 1bit 1mV V chip TH PC DAC +31mV V TH V TH V TH 6.15: V TH ASIC FPGA (NIM+CAMAC) (ASIC+FPGA) 63
65 7 GEM ( ) 3 He ( 3 He ) 3 He 5mm J-PARC 3 He GEM ( ) ( ) GEM γ GEM 64
66 3 He GEM 7.2 GEM 3 He 10 B α 10 B + n 7 Li + α MeV 7 Li + α MeV 7.1: B-GEM 7.1 GEM 10 B α ( ) α Cu α 10 B 1µm 7.3 B-GEM GEM 10 B B-GEM B-GEM 10 B 0.6µm 0.9µm 1.2µm 1 B-GEM 1.2µm(0.6µm + 0.6µm) 2.1µm(1.2µm + 0.9µm) 2.4µm(1.2µm + 1.2µm) 10 B 10 B 1 GEM GEM 7.2 B-GEM 50µm GEM 100µm GEM α 100 B-GEM 65
67 7.2: B-GEM B-GEM 1 B-GEM 7.4 B-GEM B-GEM GEM GEM B-GEM V GEM 7.3 GEM : 66
68 7.1: 1 V GEM V GEM1 V GEM2 3 E D E T1 E T2 E I (V) (V) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) V GEM1 P E D P E T1 P V GEM1 P V GEM V GEM GEM1 V GEM : V GEM1 GEM1 GEM1 E D E T1 ADC
69 7.5: E D ADC 7.6: E T1 ADC GEM R T GEM V GEM1 ADC E D ADC
70 7.7: V GEM1 V GEM1 V GEM 240V GEM 1 V GEM GEM : 7.9: V GEM V
71 7.2: 1 V GEM1 2 V GEM3 4 E D E T1 T2 E T3 E I (V) (V) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) 7.8 p P P P : V GEM1 2 Mean 7.10 Mean GEM V GEM 240V GEM B 10 B 11 B 10 B 20 GEM 10 B 10 B 99 GEM 10 B 1.2µm 2.1µm 2.4µm ( 252 Cf)
72 7.11: 7.12: 7.3: B-GEM V GEM1 V GEM2 E D E T E I (V) (V) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO B 10 B 10 B B-GEM 7.13: 10 B 71
73 7.6 B-GEM B-GEM 10 B 1.2µm 2.4µm B-GEM 10 B R T(B B) B-GEM B-GEM R T(B 100µm) B-GEM 100µm GEM E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) 7.14: 7.4: B-GEM V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) E I (B-GEM) (100µm GEM) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO µm 2.4µm 1.2µm B-GEM 8 0.6µm 2.4µm B-GEM 4 1.2µm 2.4µm 1.2µm 7.16 B-GEM 72
74 7.16: B-GEM 7.15: B-GEM [8] : 7.8 γ 7.18 γ γ γ 10 B 73
75 7.18: γ 7.9 GEM 10 B 1.6mm 0.8mm 1.6mm 1.6mm mm 36ch 1.6mm 64ch 64ch 128ch 7.19 NIM CAMAC 16 GEM 74
76 7.19: NIM+CAMAC mm 1.6mm 0.8mm : 1.6mm 1.6mm mm 83mm 7.21 X Y XY 1.6mm 75
77 7.21: 1.6mm B-GEM 10 B 7.23 KEK mm 0.8mm 0.8mm 76
78 7.22: KEK 7.23: 0.8mm µm X Y 7.25 X 80µm 0.4mm 2 0.8mm 0.4mm 2 0.8mm 340µm 7.24: 0.8mm 7.25: 0.8mm 77
79 8 B-GEM 4 JRR3 4 (MUSASI NOP MINE1 MINE2) 8.1 MUSASI MUSASI Hz/cm 2 5cm 2cm MUSASI : MUSASI NOP 8.2: MUSASI 8.1: MUSASI V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) E I (B-GEM) (100µm GEM) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO Ar-CO
80 B-GEM 10 B 1.2µm B-GEM 10 B 2.4µm (B-GEM ) 10 B 1.2µm (B-Al) mm : ( ) ( ) 10 3 He B-GEM (2.2 ) 3 He µm 10 B GEM mm mm 0.8mm 16mm mm 1.6 mm GEM 140µm 0.14mm GEM 8.2 ±5 79
81 8.4: 0.5mm 8.5: 16mm 8.2:
82 B-GEM : MUSASI 2.24 K 2 SeO 4 NaCl 2 NaCl 8.7 hkl K 2 SeO : NaCl 8.8: K 2 SeO 4 81
83 mm B-GEM B-Al 2mm 2mm ( 8.9) : 8.10: 8.11: 10 3 He 3 He µm 10 B 1.2µm 10 B GEM 4 82
84 mm : 0.5mm X-ch mm mm X 0.465mm 1.09mm Y 0.507mm 1.19mm SiO 2 NaCl NaCl 8.13 GEM 8.14 GEM 2mm 2mm hkl GEM SiO 2 SiO 2 NaCl NaCl 83
85 8.13: 8.14: 8.15: NaCl hkl hkl : hkl 8.4: hkl 84
86 : 8.17: He ( 8.19) 8.18: SiO 2 (GEM ) 8.19: SiO 2 ( 3 He ) (30 50 ) 3 He 3 He 11 GEM SiO 2 85
87 8.2 NOP NOP Hz/cm 2 2mm 2mm NOP MUSASI 2 MUSASI : NOP 8.5: NOP V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) E I (B-GEM) (100µm GEM) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO GEM ( ) MINE NOP (SiO 2 ) NOP (RPMT) GEM
88 8.21: 50µm 8 RPMT RPMT GEM 8.23 GEM MINE2 8.3 MINE2 MINE cps 2.5mm 2.5mm MINE2 87
89 8.22: 50µm : RPMT 88
90 8.24: 8.24 θ in θ out θ in = θ out Z : (fringe) θ in θ out Z XY
91 8.26: 8.26 (offspecular) ( ) XY He ( 3 He ) ( 8.27) MINE : 8.27: J-PARC J-PARC 90
92 GEM GEM MINE2 NOP : MINE2 V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) E I (B-GEM) (100µm GEM) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO Ar-CO Ar-CO MINE : B-GEM 1.5µm 10 B B-GEM( 1.2µm )
93 8.30: 1 1mm 50mm 0.8mm 96 3 He GEM : 3 He GEM 8.31 GEM 92
94 3 He GEM : GEM ( 8.33) : 8.33: 93
95 3 He GEM 2 1 B-GEM ( ) 2 B-GEM 2 B-GEM B-GEM : B-GEM 8.36 B-Al 8.37 G10 ( ) 8.36: 8.37: B-GEM 94
96 : 8.39: 8.4 MINE1 MINE cps 2.5mm 2.5mm MINE1 k B h m v E = k B T = 1 2 mv2 = h2 2mλ
97 8.7: (mev ) (K) ( ) (5 100meV ) 1 nev ev TOF 3. 3 (Neutron Spin Echo: NSE) λ E E λ 8.40: 96
98 8.40 ( ) Mezei NSE ω L γ n µ N ω L = 4πγ nµ N B h B : ( ) ( ) 97
99 MINE : MINE1 V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D E T(B B) E T(B 100µm) E I (B-GEM) (100µm GEM) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) Ar-CO Ar-CO MINE1 (500m/sec) 100nsec 50µm B-GEM B-GEM 1 10 B 2.1µm B-GEM : 98
100 3 He 18 ( MUSASI ) 24 (MUSASI ) 1/8(B GEM ) 2.1/1.2( 10 B ) 8/2.2( ) = Li PMT GEM 8.43: µsec GEM 1.67µsec Li PMT 1.71µsec GEM
101 8.44: B-GEM 2.0µm 10 B B-Al 0.8mm mm 24mm ch 8.46: 8.45: MINE
102 8.47: 110kHz A sin(fx + c) + B A B (A/B) MINE2 MINE1 26Hz 40msec MINE ( 1/100) 109kHz nsec 101
103 8.48: MINE1 8.49: 8.5 B-GEM B-GEM 1. 3 He γ 5. 3 He 3 He 3 He 5mm 1µsec B-GEM 0.46mm(FWHM 1mm) 10nsec γ γ GEM 10 5 Hz/mm 2 B-GEM J-PARC 102
104 9 GEM X X X ( 200keV ) X X 9.1 GEM X GEM 2 GEM X Z 10 B GEM(Au-GEM) 10 B Au X Au
105 9.1: GEM X V GEM (V) V GEM (V) E D (Au-GEM) (50µm GEM) (kv/cm) P Ar-CO E T(Au Au) E T(Au 50µm) E T(50µm 50µm) E I (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) (kv/cm) GEM 3µm Au µm GEM 3 X Na γ ( 511keV ) keV γ 9.1: 9.2: 22 Na γ 9.3 MINE Au-GEM (1.7 ) X 200keV 7 104
106 9.3: 9.4: X 2 X 1.6 mm 0.8 mm 2 50µm 55 Fe X 9.5 KEK : 9.6: 0.4mm 2 0.8mm ASIC FPGA 0.4mm 105
107 10 GEM 10.1 GEM GEM GEM V GEM GEM 10 5 GEM 50µm GEM (P10 ) GEM GEM GEM 100µm GEM 50µm GEM 100µm GEM 50µm GEM X GEM GEM 25µm GEM 1 25µm GEM 10 B Au 10.2 B-GEM 1 10 B 2.4µm B-GEM 4 1.2µm 10 B 30 FWHM 1.1mm ASIC FPGA 10 B 2.4µm B-GEM 8 10 B 10.3 X Au-GEM X 55 Fe 106
108 10.4 GEM 100µm GEM B-GEM Au-GEM X 0.8mm 10.1 ASIC 10.1: 107
109 ( ) ( ) MPGD ( ) ( ) 108
110 [1] F.Sauli, Principle of operation of multiwire proportional and drift chambers CERN (1977). [2] F.Sauli, GEM: A new concept for electron amplification in gas detectors, Nucl. Instrum. Meth.Phys.Res. A 386 (1997) [3] SCIENERGY Co., Ltd. ( [4] The Gas Detectors Development Group in CERN ( [5] S.Uno et. al, Performance study of new thicker GEM, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A 581 (2007) [6] Y.Fujita, et. al, Performance of Multi-Channel and Low Power Front-End ASIC for MPGD µ-pic Readout, 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, N [7] T.Uchida Hardware-Based TCP Processor for Gigabit Ethernet, 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conferences Record, N [8] Se-Hwan Park, Yong Kyun Kim, and J.K. Kim Neutron Detection With a GEM, IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, Vol. 52, Bo. 5, Oct. 2005,
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W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge
![W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge](/thumbs/91/105929864.jpg "W 1983 W ± Z cm 10 cm 50 MeV TAC - ADC ADC [ (µs)] = [] (2.08 ± 0.36) 10 6 s 3 χ µ + µ 8 = (1.20 ± 0.1) 10 5 (Ge")
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ETL NEWS 1999.9 ETL NEWS 1999.11 Establishment of an Evaluation Technique for Laser Pulse Timing Fluctuations Optoelectronics Division Hidemi Tsuchida e-mail:[email protected] A new technique has been
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