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1 Hiroshima Journal of International Studies Volume The Ikeda Administration s Diplomacy toward Europe and the Three-Pillar Theory Shintaro IKEDA The Aim of this paper is to examine Japan s diplomacy toward Europe under the Ikeda Administration ( - ), especially the first half of its term. After protests and strikes against the revision of the US-Japan security treaty and Prime Minister Kishi s resignation in, the common and immediate agenda for the Ikeda Administration and the Kennedy Administration was to improve the US-Japan alliance. However, Ikeda not only tried to rebuild the US-Japan alliance as an equal partnership, he also laid a great emphasis on the Europe-Japan relationship. Ikeda viewed Japan as one of the three pillars of the free world along with the United States and Western Europe. During their trips in and, Prime Minister Ikeda and Foreign Ministers Zentaro Kosaka and Masayoshi Ohira emphasized Japan s prestige and dignity toward European leaders. As a result, the European Economic Community agreed to end discriminatory treatment against Japan s exports. In addition, Ikeda got European agreement to Japan s accession as a full member to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), the so-called great power club. The conclusion of this essay is that Ikeda s diplomacy, especially toward Europe, was much more assertive in contrast to his domestic attitude known as low posture EEC GATT OECD

After protests and strikes against the revision of the US-Japan security treaty and Prime Minister Kishi s resignation in, the common and immediate agenda for the Ikeda Administration and the Kennedy

2 14 (John F. Kennedy) (Edwin O. Reischauer) (Charles De Gaulle) (Christian A. Herter) set up OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development:

3 15 OECD DAC Development Assistance Committee: OECD William Leonhart :- Dean S. Rusk : : : - : : David L. Osborn : :-

4 16 : : : : Maurice Couve de Murville Alexander Frederick Douglas Home GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: OECD OECD Selwyn Loyd multilateral invite full member GATT OECD DAC original member OECD OECD :

5 17 EEC Edward Hearth EEC Valéry Marie René Giscard d'estaing EEC European Economic Community: EEC OEEC Organization for European Economic Co operation: OECD OECD Gerhard Schröder EEC EEC EEC Walter Hallstein EEC Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns % EEC. %. % EEC prestige IMF lenders club DAC OECD OECD OEEC Ludwig Erhard

OECD OECD Gerhard Schröder EEC EEC EEC Walter Hallstein EEC Joseph Marie

6 18 OECD OECD Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou) OECD Maurice Harold MacMillan OECD EEC OECD Harold A. Caccia favourable considerationvery Rt. Hon. Reginard Maudling Frederick Erroll DAC OECD : GATT

7 19 EEC Théodore Joseph Alberic Marie Lefèvre GATT OECD GATT OECD GATT OECD OECD :, : a world power

8 20 : GATT OECD GATT OECD GATT OECD C A. A. A. E A Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, Japan, -January, Internal and Foreign Affairs, Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America,. Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, Japan, February -, Internal and Foreign Affairs, Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America,.

Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America,. Confidential U.S.

9 21 Foreign Relations of the United States, -, vol. XXII, Northeast Asia, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, O... O a.. b ~ OECD OAEC....

10 :) A A OECD OECD E A Memorandum of Conversation, June,, Foreign Relations of the United States, -, vol.xxii, Northeast Asia, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, ( FRUS, -, XXII ), pp.-. From Tokyo to Secretary of State, April,, Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, Japan, -January, Internal and Foreign Affairs, Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, CF, -. From Tokyo to Secretary of State, April,, CF, -. Memorandum of Conversation, Nov.,, FRUS, -, XXII, pp.-. From Tokyo to Department of State, June,, CF, -. From Tokyo to Department of State, June, ; From Tokyo to Department of State, July,, CF, -. A OECD E A A A A A

From Tokyo to Secretary of State, April,, CF, -. Memorandum of Conversation, Nov.,, FRUS, -, XXII, pp.-. From Tokyo to Department of State, June,, CF, -.

11 23 A - From Yager to Harriman, Feb., ; From Tokyo to Department of State, Feb.,, Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files, Japan, February -, Internal and Foreign Affairs, Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America,. From Tokyo to Department of State, Nov.,, CF, -. b

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