欧州における決済サービスの新たな法的枠組み:決済サービス指令の概要

Transcription

1 EU EU payment institution EU EU SEPA Single Euro Payments Area SEPA EU akihiko.yoshimura@boj.or.jp takeshi.shirakami@bis.org / /

2 1. EU EU 2 credit institution 3 electronic money institution payment institution payment service provider 4 credit transfer direct debit EU EU EU EU 5 EU EU SEPA Single Euro Payments Area 2 1 Directive 2007/64/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 on payment services in the internal market amending Directives 97/7/EC, 2002/65/EC, 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and repealing Directive 97/5/EC, OJ L 319, , pp Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (recast), OJ L 177, , pp credit institution credit institution 3 Directive 2000/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the taking up, pursuit of and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions, OJ L 275, , pp a 4 1 a b 1 3 a cpost office giro institutions d e European Central Bank and national central banks f Member States or their regional or local authorities 5 Löber [2008] 120 /2009.3

3 3 4 payment transaction EU 1 EU EU Financial Services Action Plan Financial Services Policy EU payment transaction European Commission [2005b] p European Commission [1999a] EU a single EU wholesale market open and secure retail markets state-of-art prudential rules and supervision 3 EU European Commission [1999b] 1 European Commission [1999a] p EU EU better regulation 3 2 EU European Commission [2005b] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2007] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2007] p

4 ECB European Central Bank EU RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement TARGET Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross settlement Express Transfer system TARGET2 12 EU EU EU EU EU EU SEPA 2 EU EU TARGET 1998 TARGET European Commission Staff Working Document [2007] pp. 13, EU EU regulation EU EU directive EU EU recommendation Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community, OJ C 325, , pp Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ C 115, , pp /489/EC: Commission Recommendation of 30 July 1997 concerning transactions by electronic payment instruments and in particular the relationship between issuer and holder, OJ L 208, , pp Directive 97/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 on cross-border credit transfers, OJ L 43, , pp Regulation (EC) No 2560/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 2001 on cross-border payments in euro, OJ L 344, , pp /2009.3

5 18 EU EU EU CD/ATM 1 EU /598/EEC: Commission Recommendation of 8 December 1987 on a European Code of Conduct relating to electronic payment (Relations between financial institutions, traders and service establishments, and consumers), OJ L 365, , pp /590/EEC: Commission Recommendation of 17 November 1988 concerning payment systems, and in particular the relationship between cardholder and card issuer, OJ L 317, , pp a c 2001 payment instrument a Bollen [2007a] p

6 EU 1 2 EU 6 EU EU EU EU 10 EU 26 EU 23 Herveg et al. [2001] pp Bollen [2007a] pp EU 5 EU EU 26 EU Retail Banking Research [2001] p /2009.3

7 EU double charging EU EU EU EU IBAN 31 BIC European Commission [2002] EU Retail Banking Research [2001] p , ,500 12, IBAN International Bank Account Number ISO International Organization for Standardization EU ECBS European Committee for Banking Standards ISO BIC Bank Identifier Code ISO

8 IBAN BIC 33 EU 34 EU 35 EU EU SEPA EU EU EU European Commission [2001] p Bolkestein [2001] EU European Commission Staff Working Document [2006b] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2006b] p EU EU European Commission [2008a] pp. 9 10, EU EU 39 European Commission [2003] pp. 8 9, Bollen [2007a] p European Commission [2003] p. 2. EU EU EU 126 /2009.3

9 EU 3 SEPA EU SEPA Single Euro Payments Area SEPA 41 SEPA 42 EPC European Payments Council EPC EU self-regulation SEPA SEPA EPC EPC SEPA Credit Transfer 2010 critical mass 46 SEPA European Commission EU EU European Commission [2003] p European Commission and ECB [2006]. 42 European Commission [2006] p EPC [2007] pp. 20, EPC EU EPC [2007] p Bollen [2007b] p EPC [2007] pp

10 ECB SEPA 47 SEPA EU EU EU SEPA EU European Parliament Council of the European Union EU European Commission and ECB [2006] ECB SEPA EPC ECB European Commission [2006] pp EPC EPC 48 European Commission [2003]. 49 European Commission [2005a]. 50 PreLex: Monitoring of the decisionmaking process between institutions, available at [as of 17 November 2008] EU EU Draft Payment Services Regulations HM Treasury [2008b] 128 /2009.3

11 2 better regulation EU Code monétaire et financier Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi [2008] Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Umsetzung der aufsichtsrechtlichen Vorschriften der Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie Kreditwesengesetz Zahlungsdiensteaufsichtsgesetz Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Umsetzung der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie, des zivilrechtlichen Teils der Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie sowie zur Neuordnung der Vorschriften über das Widerrufs- und Rückgaberecht Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] Bundesministerium der Justiz [2008] European Commission [2005b] pp EU EU European Commission [2005b] pp EU 23 EU EU EU 21 European Commission [2003] p. 2 EU EU 2005 European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p

12 56 EU EU EU EU Single Payment Market level-playing field 60 EU European Commission Staff Working Document [2005]. 57 EU 500 European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] pp. 10, European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] pp European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p EU EU European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p /2009.3

13 EU 62 EU EU EU EU European Commission [2007] 4 63 same activity, same risk, same rule European Commission [2003] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p. 27 European Commission [2007] EU EU European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p

14 Title 1 subject matter Annex Chapter 1 1 Section EU EU 2 payment system single payment transaction 3 1 framework contract /2009.3

15 Payments Committee 73 6 full harmonisation EU EU 85 Council Decision of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission (1999/468/EC) Art

16 BEUC [2004] p. 6. European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p Annex issuing acquiring 6. money remittance 7. intermediary 76 IBAN European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] pp /2009.3

17 payment instrument personalised device(s) and/or set of procedures agreed between the payment service user and the payment service provider and used by the payment user in order to initiate a payment order Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] p. 57 European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p a b c d e f g i 1931 the Geneva Convention of 19 March 1931 providing a uniform law for cheques ii i 1931 EU iii 1930 the Geneva Convention of 7 June 1930 providing a uniform law for bills of exchange and promissory notes iv iii 1930 EU v vouchers vi vii Universal Postal Union h settlement agents central counterparties clearing houses

18 a c d e 82 f g 83 i h investment firms collective investment undertakings j k l m n o ATM European Commission [2008c] 3 e 83 European Commission [2008c] 3 k 3 k HM Treasury [2008a] p /2009.3

19 k h i 84 m n b j o l EU EU EU EU 2 Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi [2008] p CMS cash management service 1 European Commission [2008c] 3 n 85 6 European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p EU EU EU /48/EC EU 137

20 EU EU 2 EU 91 EU EU National Savings Bank Commonwealth Development Finance Company Ltd. Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Caisse des dépôts et consignation Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau transparency of conditions for payment services 4 rights and obligations in relation to the provision and use of payment services 138 /2009.3

21 5 93 EU EU EU 93 Bollen [2007b] p Gauzès [2006] p. 19 Amendment EU micro enterprise Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, OJ L 124, , pp , Annex Art. 2 (3) 139

22 98 EU EU EU EU 101 EU 102 EU EU Gauzès [2006] p European Economic and Social Committee ECB Charlie McCreevy EU EU EU 3 EU EU EU European Parliament [2007]. 101 EU 2003 EU European Commission Internal Market DG [2003a] HM Revenue and Customs European Commission Internal Market DG [2003a] p. 17. établissement de crédit European Commission Internal Market DG [2003a] p. 16. Finanzdienstleistungsinstitut 1 1a European Commission Internal Market DG [2003a] p EU EU EU EU 103 European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p EU ipso facto EU 140 /2009.3

23 104 EU EU ECB EU 104 European Commission [2003] p EPFSF [2006] p. 3 Bollen [2007b] p. 547 EPC [2004] pp ECB [2006] pp Gauzès [2006] pp Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Gauzès [2006] p

24 authorisation programme of operations EU EU EU a b a European Commission [2007] /2009.3

25 b c 117 d 16 2 deposit or other repayable funds EU European Commission [2007] Bowles [2007] ECB ECB ECB [2006] pp propriété du remettant Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi [2008] pp ,500 Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] p Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] p

26 1 c ECB EU EU ECB [2006] p separate entity 10 5 separate legal entity 10 diese Geschäfte abzuspalten ein eigenes Unternehmen für das Zahlungsdienstgeschäft zu gründen European Commission Staff Working Document [2006a] European Commission [2008b] /2009.3

27 300 EU initial capital Method A B C 3 1 EU EU EU 26 3 EU Anning [2006] p EU HM Treasury [2008a] pp Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi [2008] p. 28, Annexe 3 p. 70. Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] p. 44. EU 63 EU

28 II EU % A 10% B % 0.5% C 10% 1.5% 1 Directive 2006/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions (recast), OJ L 177, , pp Method A, B, C % 1% Method D 7 European Commission [2007] % /2009.3

29 safeguarding requirement EU Method A Method C II EU EU Bowles [2007] 129 ECB ECB [2006] pp Group of the European People s Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats : Piia-Noora Kauppi Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe : SharonBowles European Parliament [2007] Bowles [2007] 147

30 commingle a 136 EU b European Commission [2007] EU EU 136 Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] p ECB earmark 148 /2009.3

31 insurance policy or some other comparable guarantee c 138 EU EU EU 20 1 EU ECB EU ECB EU ECB [2006] p HM Treasury [2007] p HM Treasury [2008a] pp Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi [2008] pp , Annexe 3 pp. 47, EU Bundesministerium der Finanzen [2008] pp

32 EU administrative provision EU 28 1 four-party card scheme EU 140 Margerit [2007] p SEPA Credit Transfer SEPA Credit Transfer 150 /2009.3

33 144 EU systemically important payment system a b EU harmonise 148 EU EU EU 149 EU EU Euro Banking Association EBA Clearing ACH Automated Clearing House STEP2 144 Directive 98/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 1998 on settlement finality in payment and securities settlement systems, OJ L 166, , pp ECB TARGET2 BACS Designated Payment & Security Settlement Systems (Article 10 of Settlement Finality Directive 98/26/EC), available at [as of 17 November 2008] 146 CPSS [2001] IX 147 EU EU EU EU European Commission Internal Market DG [2002a] pp European Commission [2003] p European Commission [2003] p

34 150 information overload European Commission [2003] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p Margerit [2007] p /2009.3

35 EU European Commission [2003] p European Commission [2003] p EPC [2004] p. 30. European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p

36 misappropriation personalised security features EU b 5 57 c 154 /2009.3

37 c a b 2 1 a 164 EU ATM a 56 b c 56 1 b d 56 1 b 2 155

38 c 5 EU EU cut-off time /2009.3

39 EU EU EU

40 172 SEPA 173 SEPA SEPA EU 174 EU EU money-back guarantee European Commission [2007] European Commission [2007] EPC [2004] p Bowles [2007] UCC: Uniform Commercial Code 4A 1992 UNCITRAL: United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law on International Credit Transfer UCC 4A 158 /2009.3

41 12,500 EU IBAN BIC unique identifier EU 8 9 Bollen [2007a] pp. 461, IBAN EU 159

42 EPC [2004] p. 28 EAPB [2002] p European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] pp /2009.3

43 EU EU EU 2003 EU European Commission Internal Market DG [2003b] European Commission Internal Market DG [2003b] p European Commission Internal Market DG [2003b] pp c 1 12,500 European Commission Internal Market DG [2003b] pp z 192 European Commission Internal Market DG [2002b] p

44 EU 193 European Commission Internal Market DG [2002b] p. 31. EU European Commission Staff Working Document [2005] p UCC 4A UNCITRAL EU EU /2009.3

45 EU EU EU EU 1 163

46 SUBJECT MATTER, SCOPE AND DEF- INITIONS 1 subject matter 2 scope 3 negative scope 4 definitions 2 PAYMENT SERVICES PROVIDERS 1 payment institutions 1 general rules 5 applications for authorisation 6 initial capital 7 own funds 8 calculation of own funds 9 safeguarding requirements 10 granting of authorisation 11 communication of the decision 12 withdrawal of authorisation 13 registration 14 maintenance of authorisation 15 accounting and statutory audit 16 activities 2 other requirements 17 use of agents, branches or entities to which activities are outsourced 18 liability 19 record-keeping 3 competent authorities and supervision 20 designation of competent authorities 21 supervision 22 professional secrecy 23 right to apply to the courts 24 exchange of information 164 /2009.3

47 25 exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services 4 waiver 26 conditions 27 notification and information 2 common provisions 28 access to payment systems 29 prohibition for persons other than payment service providers to provide payment services 3 TRANSPARENCY OF CONDITIONS AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PAY- MENT SERVICES 1 general rules 30 scope 31 other provisions in Community legislation 32 charges for information 33 burden of proof on information requirements 34 derogation from information requirements for low-value payment instruments and electronic money 2 1 single payment transactions 35 scope 36 prior general information 37 information and conditions 38 information for the payer after receipt of the payment order 39 information for the payee after execution 3 framework contracts 40 scope 41 prior general information 42 information and conditions 43 accessibility of information and conditions of the framework contract 165

48 44 changes in conditions of the framework contract 45 termination 46 information before execution of individual payment transactions 47 information for the payer on individual payment transactions 48 information for the payee on individual payment transactions 4 common provisions 49 currency and currency conversion 50 information on additional charges or reductions 4 RIGHTS AND OBLIGA- TIONS IN RELATION TO THE PROVISION AND USE OF PAYMENT SERVICES 1 common provisions 51 scope 52 charges applicable 53 derogation for low value payment instruments and electronic money 2 authorisation of payment transactions 54 consent and withdrawal of consent 55 limits of the use of the payment instrument 56 obligations of the payment service user in relation to payment instruments 57 obligations of the payment services provider in relation to payment instruments 58 notification of unauthorised or incorrectly executed payment transactions 59 evidence on authentication and execution of payment transactions 60 payment service provider s liability for unauthorised payment transactions 61 payer s liability for unauthorised payment transactions 62 refunds for payment transactions initiated by or through a payee 166 /2009.3

49 63 requests for refunds for payment transactions initiated by or through a payee 3 execution of payment transactions 1 payment orders and amounts transferred 64 receipt of payment orders 65 refusal of payment orders 66 irrevocability of a payment order 67 amounts transferred and amounts received 2 execution time and value date 68 scope 69 payment transactions to a payment account 70 absence of payee s payment account with the payment service provider 71 cash placed on a payment account 72 national payment transactions 73 value date and availability of funds 3 liability 74 incorrect unique identifiers 75 non-execution or defective execution 76 additional financial compensation 77 right of recourse 78 no liability 4 data protection 79 data protection 5 out-of-court complaint and redress procedures for the settlement of disputes 1 complaint procedures 80 complaints 81 penalties 82 competent authorities 2 out-of-court redress procedures 83 out-of-court redress 5 IMPLEMENTING MEASURES AND PAYMENTS COMMITTEE 84 implementing measures 167

50 85 committee 6 FINAL PROVISIONS 86 full harmonisation 87 review 88 transitional provision 89 97/7/EC amendment of Directive 97/7/EC /65/EC amendments of Directive 2002/65/EC /60/EC amendments of Directive 2005/60/EC /48/EC amendments of Directive 2006/48/EC 93 repeal 94 transposition 95 entry into force 96 addressees 4 3 PAYMENT SERVICES (DEFINI- TION 3 IN ARTICLE 4) 168 /2009.3

51 EU Anning, Paul, Payment Services Directive: A Detailed Proposal by the European Commission for a New Legal Framework, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 21 (6), 2006, pp Bolkestein, Frits, Speech at the Conference Organised by the European Commission and the European Central Bank: Payments in Euro in the Internal Market, Speech/01/402, Bollen, Rhys, European Regulation of Payment Services The Story So Far, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 22 (9), 2007a, pp , European Regulation of Payment Services Recent Developments and the Proposed Payment Services Directive Part 2, Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 22 (10), 2007b, pp Bowles, Sharon, Payment Services Directive, 2007, available at [as of 17 November 2008]. Bundesministerium der Finanzen, Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Umsetzung der aufsichtsrechtlichen Vorschriften der Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie, Bundesministreium der Justiz, Referentenentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Umsetzung der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie, des zivilrechtlichen Teils der Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie sowie zur Neuordnung der Vorschriften über das Widerrufs- und Rückgaberecht, Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs (BEUC), New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market, BEUC Position on the Communication, BEUC/05/2004, Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS), Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment Systems, European Association of Public Banks (EAPB), A Possible Framework for the Single Payment Area in the Internal Market, Position Paper of the EAPB on the Working Document of the Internal Market DG, European Central Bank (ECB), Opinion of European Central Bank of 26 April 169

52 2006 on a Proposal for a Directive on Payment Services in the Internal Market (ECB/2006/21), Official Journal of the European Union, C109, 2006, pp European Commission, Financial Services Implementing the Framework for Financial Markets: Action Plan, COM (1999) 232, 1999a., Financial Services: Commission Outlines Action Plan for Single Financial Market, IP/99/327, 1999b., Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Cross-Border Payments in Euro, COM (2001) 439 final, 2001., Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council: on the Application of Directive 97/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 on Cross-Border Credit Transfers, COM (2002) 663 final, 2002., Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament concerning a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market, Consultative Document, COM (2003) 718 final, 2003., Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Payment Services in the Internal Market and Amending Directives 97/7/EC, 2000/12/EC and 2002/65/EC, COM (2005) 603 final, 2005a., White Paper on Financial Services Policy , 2005b., Consultative Paper on SEPA Incentives, 2006., Payment Services Directive: Frequently Asked Questions, Memo/07/152, 2007., Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Application of Regulation (EC) No 2560/2001 on Cross-Border Payments in Euro, Annex to the Report, SEC (2008) 141, COM (2008) 64 final, 2008a., Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of on the Taking up, Pursuit and Prudential Supervision of the Business of Electronic Money Institutions, Amending Directives 2005/60/EC and 2006/48/EC and Repealing Directive 2000/46/EC, COM (2008) 627 final, 2008b., Your Questions on PSD, Payment Services Directive 2007/64/EC, Questions and Answers (Update of ), available at [as of 17 November 2008], 2008c., and the European Central Bank, Joint Statement from the European Commission and the European Central Bank, European Commission Internal Market DG, Working Document: A Possible Legal Framework for the Single Payment Area in the Internal Market, MARKT/208/2001- Rev. 1, 2002a. 170 /2009.3

53 , Working Document: A Possible Legal Framework for the Single Payment Area in the Internal Market, Summary of Responses, MARKT/4007/2002 final, 2002b., A Possible Legal Framework for the Single Payment Area in the Internal Market, Licensing Rules in the Field of Payment Activities Summary Table of Responses to the Questionnaire, MARKT/4007/2003-final Draft, 2003a., A Possible Legal Framework for the Single Payment Area in the Internal Market: Consequential Damage Summary Table of Responses to the Questionnaire, MARKT/4011/2003-final Draft, 2003b. European Commission Staff Working Document, Annex to the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Payment Services in the Internal Market, Impact Assessment, SEC (2005) 1535, 2005., The Review of the E-Money Directive (2000/46/EC), SEC (2006) 1049, 2006a., The Impact of Regulation (EC) No 2560/2001 on Bank Charges for National Payments, SEC (2006) 1783, 2006b., European Financial Integration Report 2007, SEC (2007) 1696, European Parliament, Debates Monday, 23 April 2007, CRE 23/04/ , European Parliamentary Financial Services Forum (EPFSF), Payment Services Directive, EPFSF Briefing Papers, European Payments Council (EPC), Response to the EC Communication on a New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market, Doc EPC-0464/04 Version 1.0, 2004., Making SEPA a Reality: Implementing the Single Euro Payments Area, EPC Version 1.4, Gauzès, Jean-Paul, Report on the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Payment Services in the Internal Market and Amending Directives 97/7/EC, 2000/12/EC and 2002/65/EC (COM (2005) / /0245 (COD)), European Parliament Session Document, Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, final A6-0298/2006, Herveg, Jean, Jean-François Lerouge, Anne Salaün, Laura Edgar, Chris Reed, Sonia Gonzalo, and Dominique Spaey, Study on the Implementation of Recommendation 97/489/EC concerning Transactions Carried out by Electronic Payment Instruments and in Particular the Relationship between Holder and Issuer, Final Report, Centre de Recherches Informatique et Droit des Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, and Centre for Commercial Law Studies, HM Treasury, Implementation of the Payment Services Directive: a Consultation Document, 2007., Implementation of the Payment Services Directive: a Summary of Consultation Responses, 2008a. 171

54 , Implementation of the Payment Services Directive: a Consultation on the Draft Legislation, 2008b. Löber, Klaus, The Payment Services Directive: New Payments Legislation in the Single Market, Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law, 23 (2), 2008, pp Margerit, Véronique, La directive sur les services de paiement, Bulletin de la Banque de France, No. 164, 2007, pp Ministère de l Économie, de l Industrie et de l Emploi, La directive sur les services de paiement, Retail Banking Research, Study on the Verification of a Common and Coherent Application of Directive 97/5/EC on Cross-Border Credit Transfers in the 15 Member States, Transfer Exercise, Report for the Commission of the European Communities (DG Markt), /2009.3