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... 1... 3 CARB ZEV... 7 DOE Learning Demonstration Project... 15... 39 WHEC 2008 17th World Hydrogen Energy Conference... 41 10th_IPHE_ILC 10th Implementation-Liaison Committee Meeting... 49 2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review & Peer Evaluation... 53 i

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FCV 1 2 ZEV 3 DOE Annual Merit Review Meeting AMR DOE Learning Demonstration H2FCC 2008 2 26 CARB 1st 15-Days Notice 2008 7 25 2nd 15-Days Notice 2008 10 3 2008 DOE AMR 2008 6 10 1

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H2FCC 2008 2 26 H2FCC H2FCC Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada 2000 10 FCC Fuel Cells Canada 2006 H2FCC H2FCC VFCFP Vancouver Fuel Cell Vehicle Program BC Hydrogen Highway Hydrogen Village H2FCC 1-1 1-2 70 - H2FCC 2009 1 Canadian Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Association CHFCA 3

- H2FCC H2FCC Vancouver Fuel Cell Vehicle Program VFCVP Vancouver Fuel Cell Vehicle Program BC NRC-IFCI NRCan Ford 5 Focus FCV 5 2005 3 Lower Mainland Dynetek FC Ballard Hydrogen Highway BC Hydrogen Highway BC FC 35MPa 70MPa 180 HCNG CNG 4 HCNG 4

8 USAR NRC-IFCI VFCVP Hydrogen Village 2003 12 FCC H2FCC Hydrogen Village Partnership Hydrogen Village FC FC UPS/BPS / GM FC 19 CNE 4 John Deere FC CNE Purolator FC Enbridge MCFC SOFC 4 5kW SOFC 50kW FC Canadian National Exhibition 5

BC Transit Bus Project BC Transit BC BC BC Transit 2010 Victoria Whistler FC 2009 20 FC 6 1 500 1,000kg 8,900 FC FC 5 1 Ballard Plug Power APC American Power Conversion Hyteon PEM CHP QuestAir PSA Dynetek Combined Heat and Power QuestAir Technologies Inc. QAR PSA 6

CARB ZEV ZEV CARB 1st 15-Days Notice 2008 7 25 2nd 15-Days Notice 2008 10 3 ZEV 1990 CARB California Air Resources Board ZEV ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle ZEV ZEV 1996 1998 2001 2003 2007 ZEV 1 1990 3.5 GM Ford DaimlerChrysler 1998 MY 2 2001MY 5 2003MY 10 ZEV 2 1996 ZEV 2003 MY 2003MY 10 3 1998 2003 MY ZEV 10% PZEV Partial ZEV 10 6 PZEV 4 2001 AT PZEV Advanced Technology PZEV 10 6 PZEV 2% AT PZEV 2 ZEV 7

PZEV Bronze AT PZEV Silver ZEV Gold AT PZEV AT PZEV 2003 MY ZEV 2018 MY 16% ZEV 5 2003 2001 ZEV 2003 MY 2002 2001 GM DaimlerChrysler ZEV 2003 ZEV 2005 MY ZEV Gold BEV FCV 5 2-1 - ZEV Gold ZEV UDDS NEV EV NEV Type 0 EV Utility EV 50 Type I EV City EV 50 100 Type II EV Full Function EV 100 Type III Fuel Cell Vehicle 100 FCV ZEV 10 PZEV 6 AT PZEV 4 8

2004 3 ZEV 2004 3 25 ZEV 2005MY ZEV ZEV 05 MY ZEV 10% 18 MY 16% 2-1 - ZEV ZEV AT PZEV PZEV 2-2 ZEV 2-3 - ZEV Gold / AT PZEV Silver / PZEV Bronze ZEV Gold ZEV Pure-ZEV BEV FCV EV 20 mile Silver AT PZEV plug-in HEV CNG ICE Bronze PZEV SULEV - MY 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 FCV(H2) 40 4 3 BEV 12 10 3 HEV 0.931 0.7 0.65 PZEV 0.266 0.2 LDV Light Duty Vehicle LDT1 Light Duty Truck LVW=0 3,750lbs 2007 MY LDT2 LVW 3,751lbs GVW 8,500lbs 9

ZEV LDV LDT 3 6 2009 1 GM Chrysler 6 PZEV 2003 2004 MY 6% PZEV 2005 2006MY AT PZEV FCV Type III ZEV ZEV 10 PZEV 6 AT PZEV 4 FCV 2009 MY ZEV FCV 2-4 - FCV MY 2005 2008 2009 2011 2012 2014 2015 2017 FCV 250 2,500 25,000 50,000 FCV 50 EV FCV 1 EV 2-5 - BEV FCV1 Type (FCV) 2005-2011 2012-2017 Type I City EV 50% 20 1 10 1 Type II Full Function EV 50% 10 1 5 1 2017MY Clean Air Act 177 FCV 2012MY FCV ZEV 10

2004 3 ZEV 2009MY 2007 5 7 CARB 2009 ZEV 2007 12 CARB Board Meeting 2008 3 Meeting 2008 2 3 3 2008 3 27 CARB Board Meeting 7 1 15-Days Notice 10 2 15-Days Notice 2009 2 OAL Office of Administrative Law 2009 3 2008 7 1 15-Days Notice 2008 7 15-Days Notice FCV 2-4 ZEV Gold 2-1 2-6 BEV 4 I.5 FCV 2 FCV IV - ZEV Gold 2009-2017 ZEV UDDS NEV NEV 0.3 Type I BEV50 50 75 2 Type I.5 BEV75 75 100 2.5 Type II BEV100 100 3 TypeIII BEV200 200 FCV100 100 200 4 TypeIV FCV200 200 5 Type III Type IV 10 95 11

Type III BEV BEV FCV 2-7 FCV BEV Cap FCV BEV Cap 2-5 - BEV Cap FCV (Cap) Type IV FCV200 2009-2017 Type I BEV50 0 2.5 1 Type I.5 BEV75 0 2 1 Type II BEV100 0 5 3 09MY NEV 0.15 0.3 ZEV AT PZEV Enhanced AT PZEV EV 22mile PHEV ICE Silver Plus 2012MY FCV 2012MY 1 2-8 - 12MY 2012-2014 ZEV 12% 2015-2017 ZEV 14% ZEV 0.3 3 3 3 6 4 Enhanced AT PZEV 0 2.7 0 3 AT PZEV 3 3 2 4 PZEV 6 6 6 6 Silver Plus 2-9 - 12MY 14MY ZEV 7,500 Type III or 5,357 Type IV or 12,500 Type II Enhanced AT PZEV Silver Plus AT PZEV Silver PZEV Bronze 58,333 75,000 1,260,000 12

Clean Air Act 177 ZEV Type I TypeI.5 Type II 2014MY Type III Type IV 2017MY 2-10 2009MY 2011MY 2012 MY Silver Plus Silver Bronze 2014MY 2014MY 2012MY 2013MY - Carry Forward Carry Back 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Gold ZEV Silver Plus, Silver, Bronze Gold ZEV 2009MY ZEV 2010MY ZEV 2009 2 OAL OAL 3 18 OAL ZEV ZEV Enhanced AT PZEV EV 10mile PHEV ICEV NGV Silver Plus ZEV 2-11 Enhanced AT PZEV ZEV - 12MY 2012-2014 ZEV 12% 2015-2017 ZEV 14% ZEV 0.79 3 3 4 Enhanced AT PZEV 2.21 3 AT PZEV 3 3 2 4 PZEV 6 6 6 6 13

FCV 2-4 2011MY 2012MY PZEV/AT-PZEV/ZEV ZEV Gold 2-1 2-12 BEV 4 I.5 FCV 2 FCV IV V - ZEV Gold 2009-2017 ZEV UDDS 95 2009MY 2018MY 2017MY Type0 NEV 0.3 0.3 Type I BEV 50 75 2 1 Type I.5 BEV 75 100 2.5 2 Type II BEV 100 3 2.5 TypeIII FCV 200 10 BEV 100 200 4 3 TypeIV FCV 200 300 15 5 3 TypeV FCV 300 15 7 3 FCV BEV Cap Clean Air Act 177 ZEV Type I TypeI.5 Type II 2014MY Type III Type IV Type V 2017MY 2009MY ZEV 2010MY ZEV 14

DOE Learning Demonstration Project DOE AMR DOE Learning Demonstration 2008 DOE Annual Merit Review AMR NREL 2008 6 10 1 R&D 3-1 - 2009 2015 FC 2,000 5,000 250 300 3 /gge 2 3 /gge 2 2003 2009 2009/9 70 DOE 5 1 7 DOE 2006 NREL 219.2 NREL 2007 85.0 NREL 2008 85.0 15

A B 300 C D E H I 3 3-1 3-2 - - Task 100% Task 100% Task R&D 70% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 50 8. CDPs 9.1,000 10% 10. 11. 12. 2 13. 250 14. 2,000 3 /gge 16

4 4 3-2 2008 2 FC - 5 DOE 5 110 2 3-3 - DOE 17

6 SMUD BP White Plains NY Shell 15 40,000kg 3-4 - 3-5 1/3-18

7 NREL HSDC HSDC DOE R&D CDPs 1 3-6 - 19

2 1 11 11 NREL HSDC 3-7 - HSDC 2 GUI Graphical User Interface Fleet Analysis Toolkit FAT NREL GUI FAT 3-8 - NREL FAT 20

3 CDPs 2007 2008 US-FCC CDPs 3-9 - CDPs 4 CDPs WEB NREL WEB 47 CDPs 3-10 - CDPs WEB 21

CDPs WEB 3-11 - CDPs WEB 3 1 1 1 3-12 FC - 1 22

2 1 1 3-13 1-1 Window-Sticker Range 3 75% 50% 3-14 - 23

4 1/4 3/8 3-15 - 5 350 700 2 350bar 700bar 700bar 350bar 3-16 - 350 700 24

3-17 BOP 700bar BOP - 1 FC 1 FC 10% FC R&D 1 OEM 2008 25

- FC 2 1 FC 1,000 3-19 - FC 26

2 FC 1 FC 3-20 - FC 2 FC FC FC 3-21 FC 3-22 - FC 27

- FC 3 1 3-23 - 28

2 3-24 60% 1 1/3 10-4 FC 1 5% 50% FC 20 50% - FC 29

2 FC 1 1/4 3-26 2 2008 - FC 3 40% 0.5kWh 3-27 - FC 30

5 1 NREL H2incidnets.org 3-28 - 2 3-29 - 31

3-30 - 6 3-31 2008 CDPs - 32

7 1 8,700 3-32 3.43 87% 5 1 2.25kg - 2 8,700 0.79kg/min 24% 1kg/min 3-33 - 33

3 3-34 - 4 0.2kg/min 3-35 - 34

5 3-36 8 4-8 1 5 6 3-37 - 35

2 FCV NHTS National House hold Travel Survey 3-38 - NREL CDPs NREL OEM 2 DOE HFCIT Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies USFCC US Fuel Cell Council 36

Transportation Working Group Joint Hydrogen Quality Task Force CaFCP CARB CaFCP California Fuel Cell Partnership NREL CDPs CARB California Air Resources Board NREL 2008 FC 2008 6 CDPs 2008 FC 250 2008 9 DOE MYPP: Multi-Year Program Plan Joule OEM CaFCP CARB 2009 FC HFCIT Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies R&D DOE 2 37

92 15 110 4 kg 211,000 2010 9 NREL FC 47 CDPs CDPs FCV Roll-out 700bar 38

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1 2 WHEC 2008 17 17th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2008 10th_IPHE_ILC 10 th IPHE Implementation and Liaison Committee Meeting 2008 6 16 6 19 2008 6 19 6 21 FC EV 39

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WHEC 2008 Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre 2008 6 16 19 WHEC 2008 WHEC 2008 JHFC 17 17th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2008 WHEC2008 2008 6 15 19 WHEC WHEC 2008 JHFC 5 1-1 - International and National Programs Hydrogen From Fossil Fuels Reforming Solar Hydrogen From Water Hydrogen Infrastructure and Refuelling Hydrogen Distribution and Storage Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Water Infrastructure, Refuelling and Safety Fuel Cell Technology Demonstration Production of Hydrogen From Biomass Production of Hydrogen From Water Hydrogen Infrastructure and Refuelling Vision Environmental Issues Fuel Cells 1 (PEM and DMFC) Hydrogen Islands Stationary Power Commercialisation and Investment Nuclear Hydrogen Education and Training Hydrogen-Fuelled Transportation Transportation Government Policy and Support WHEC Supply Energy to a Changing World 41

International and National Programs 1 RENEWABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND FUEL CELLS PROGRAMS IN BRAZIL: AN OVERVIEW Dachamir Hotza Federal University of Santa Catarina 3 FC FC FCV SOFC PEM FC FC 2 HYNOR AND SHHP A SCANDINAVIAN APPROACH FOR A MULTINATIONAL HYDROGEN HIGHWAY Ulf Hafseld StatoilHydro ASA Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership SHHP SHHP SHHP HYFUTURE HYDROGENLINK HYNOR 2007 3 2008 1 2009 7 11 42

HyNOR Think EL/Hydrogen Quantum Think 2008 5 RX8 hydrogen 30 2008 - HyNOR 3 SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE OF HYDROGEN IN PORTUGAL THE RESULTS OF THE PROJECT HI-PO R. Pimenta (Departamento de Engenharia) HIPO 5 43

4 THE CLEAN ENERGY PARTNERSHIP (CEP): A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PREPARING FOR COMMERCIALIZATION Dr. Vera Ingunn Moe StatoilHydro ASA CEP 2002 2004 3 FCV 5 12 1-2 1 4 17 2 2010 40 70MPa 2011 2016 3 30 50 2016 - CEP 44

5 STATE OF THE ART AND PROSPECT OF HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN SPAIN Maria del Pilar Argumosa INTA EU 82 1 5.95% 49.3% 20% 14.6% 10.3% 40% IGCC CO2 40% 20% 2010 FC 2020 2030 2030 40 6 BENCHMARKING OF EUROPEAN AND U.S. HYDROGEN ROADMAPPING EFFORTS (HYWAYS IPHE): HYDROGEN PATHWAY ANALYSIS Christoph Stiller Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik HyWays-IPHE EC CO2 EC EC CO2 MIX 45

7 INTEGRATED MODELLING OF THE IMPACT OF FOUR ALTERNATIVE FLEET TECHNOLOGIES ON GREENHOUSE GAS PROFILES IN NEW ZEALAND Kenneth Gillingham (Stanford University) FCV BEV GHG FCV BEV CO2 FCV BEV 8 CASE STUDY: HYDROGEN SWEDEN A PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FACILITATING EARLY MARKETS Sven Wolf (Hydrogen Sweden) Hydrogen Sweden 1 1-3 - Hydrogen Sweden 46

9 BENCHMARKING OF EUROPEAN AND U.S. HYDROGEN ROADMAPPING EFFORTS (HYWAYS-IPHE): SOCIOECONOMIC MODELLING AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT Mark F. Ruth (NREL) 2 FC 10 H2MOVES.EU DEMO PROJECTS ON HYDROGEN TRANSPORT IN EUROPE Volker Blandow (Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH) EC HyFLEET: CUTE ZeroRegio HyChain HyFLEET: CUTE 10 47 FC ZeroRegio 2 8 FCV HyChain 150 4 CEP SHHP SHHP H2moves.eu HyLights H2moves.eu 47

JARI WHEC Education and Training JHFC 2008 3 13 JHFC JHFC 48

10th_IPHE_ILC Education WG Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre ILC Couran Cove Island Education WG 2008 6 18 ILC 2008 6 19 20 IPHE-ILC JARI WG 10th IPHE Implementation and Liaison Committee Meeting 2008 6 19 21 IPHE Education WG ILC Education WG 1 2008 9 31 2008 11 IPHE 1 EU HYFED6 2008 IPHE CM JHFC IPHE 2 2010 49

WHEC Essen FC 2010 Essen WHEC WG FC Education 2010 WHEC JARI Education WG METI METI ILC ILC WG IPHE 4 SP1 SP2 SP3 SP4 1 SP1 IPHE IPHE International Hydrogen HighwayNetwork IPHE Renewable Hydrogen Production / / 2 SP2 Andreas Ziolek HyRaMP HyRaMP 22 2008 6 2008 9 HyFleet:CUTE 50

3 SP3 SC Filbee IPHE State of the Nation ILC IPHE IPHE SC JHFC JHFC 2008 11 17 21 IPHE ILC 2008 2 4 SP4 2008 IPHE HyWays-IPHE DOE 51

52

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DOE Annual Merit Review Meeting DOE Learning Demonstration 2008 DOE AMR 2008 6 9 6 13 53

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2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review & Peer Evaluation Marriott Crystal Gateway Hotel in Crystal City VA 2008 6 9 13 DOE 2008 Annual Merit Review Meeting 2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review & Peer Evaluation DOE 6 9 13 5 1,000 40 Plenary Session DOE 300 1-1 1-1 - Plenary Session Hydrogen Program Overview JoAnn Milliken 1. Office of Science Basic Energy Sciences Harriet Kung 2. Hydrogen Production and Delivery Rick Farmer 3. Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy Thomas O'Conner 4. Hydrogen from Coal Mark Ackiewicz 5. Hydrogen Storage Sub Program Overview Sunita Satyapal 6. Fuel Cells Nancy Garland 7. Technology Validation John Garbak 8. Manufacturing R&D and Market Transformation Pete Devlin 9. Education Christy Cooper 10. Safety, Codes and Standards Antonio Ruiz 11. Systems Analysis Fred Josek 12. Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles & the Potential Fuel Cell Vehicles & the Potential Hydrogen Infrastructure Requirements David Greene 55

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Plenary Session Fuel Cells Nancy Garland (DOE) 1 2010 60% 5,000 $45/kW FC 2015 $30/kW 2011 LPG 40 4 $750/kW PEFC 2010 1,000Wh/L 50W FC 2010 100W/kg 100W/L 3-30kW FC 2 2-1 FY2009 $79.3M FY2008 $M MY2008 MY2009 $ 7.9M $ 6.6M Distribute $ 7.6M $10.0M $43.6M $62.7M $ 3.0M $ 0.0M $62.1M $79.3M - Fuel Cell 57

3 1 3 2 2 2007 DTI 50 $51/kW 55% R&D 4 Pt Pt Pt 3 GDL CDF 4 1 MEA 3M MEA 7,300 DOE 5,000 58

- MEA 2 Nano-Capillary Membrane 80 70mS/cm 3 PtAuNi5-4 FC 2-4 FC $94/kW 50 59

- 80kW PEM FC 60

Hydrogen Storage Sunita Satyapal (DOE) 1 300-40 85 0.02g-H2/ /kw 5kg 3 C&S 2 FCV 300 3 FY2008 FY2009 2-1 - HydrogenStorage MY2008 MY2009 $10.4M $10.5 M $ 9.4 M $10.5 M $ 8.2 M $11.0 M $ 0.9 M $ 2.5 M $ 5.2 M $ 9.9 M / / $ 8.4 M $ 8.8 M CoE $ 1.0 M $ 6.0 M $43.5 M $59.2M CoE Center of Excellence 4 1 2-5 DOE 2010 61

- 2 2010 2-6 - 3 Technology Validation 1 92 103 190 TIAX $27/kWh 700bar 2-7 50 / 700bar 62

Wt.% g/l 350bar 2.8-3.8wt.% 17-18g/L 700bar 2.5-4.4wt.% 18-25g/L - 63

Production & Delivery Rick Farmer (DOE) 1 $2 $3/gge $1/gge 2 EERE FY2008 2-8 $28.9M $10.7M $10.7M FY2008 $28.9M FY2008-3 1/10 2005 1 falling particle receiver PEC WO3 DNA 4000psi 1500 APCI 1psi/day <<0.1% /day 64

2-9 CO2-65

Technology Validation 1 John Garbak (DOE) FCV 2-2 - 2009 2015 FC 2000 5000 250 300 $3/gge $2-3/gge 2 2-3 FY2009 $14.8M FY2008 $29.7M - Technology Validation MY2008 MY2009 $19.6M $ 9.1M $ 3.6M $ 3.6M $ 2.1M 0 $ 4.4M $ 2.1M $29.7M $14.8M 3 FCV 3 FC FC 70MPa FCV 4 2008 FCV92 15 2 66

130 FC 1,200 3 6 1,900 5 7 110 5,200 FC 53-58% 44,000kg 2 70MPa 5 1 2 FCV FC 2,000 $3/gge 2 67

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles & the Potential Hydrogen Infrastructure Requirements David L. Greene (DOE) 2008 60 3 2-10 1 FCV 2012 2018 2025 FCV 200 2 FCV 2012 2015 2018 2025 FCV 500 3 FCV 2012 2021 2025 1 - FCV 3 2025 2-11 2012~2025 EIA URL http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/publications/reports/ornl_tm_2008_30.pdf NEDO NO.1029 68

- 1 3 2-12 2045 2025-69

Storage ST28: National Testing Laboratory for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Technologies Michael A. Miller (Southwest Research Institute ) 1 SwRI 2-4 - SwRI 1 2002/3 2006/9 100% 2 2006/10 2011/9 33% 1 DOE $2.475M SwRI $0.62M 2 2 DOE $2.0M DOE FY07 $405K FY08 $375K Ovonic Hydrogen Systems INER NESSHY EC-JRC 2 DOE 70

Pt/AC-bridged IRMOF-8 AX-21 compounds MOFs EU NESSHY 3 DOE metal-doped SWNTs MOF-177 Pt/AC-briged ITMOF-8 Pt/AX-21 / EU NESSHY DOE DOE / DOE Quick Place 4 DOE 2010 77K MOF-177 7.5wt MOF 75bar 298K 2.5wt NESSHY Demokritos 80bar 8wt NESSHY Novel efficient solid storage for hydrogen 71

5 72

Fuel Cells FC1: Advanced Cathode Catalysts and Supports for PEM Fuel Cells Mark K. Debe (3M) 1 3M 2-5 - 3M DOE 2007/4/1 2011/3/30 30% $10.43M DOE FFRDC $8.34M 3M $2.09M FY07 DOE $0.565M FY08 DOE $0.711M 2008 3 8 Dalhousie J. Dahn JPL S. R. Narayanan ANL N. Markovic 3M MEA / MEA /MEA 2010 2015 80 2,000 5,000 A/mg 0.44 0.44 g/kw 0.3 0.2 W/cm 2 0.8V LANL NIST ORNL TEF ANL BASF / 1 0.25 1 0.25 2 1 MEA / DOE 2015 73

2 NSTF DOE MEA 0.25mg-Pt/cm 2 ORR NSTF MEA NSTF 3 2-13 - 74

4 3M NSTF 1.0 1.1 NSTF 1.2 NSTF 1.3 2.0 2.1 NSTF 2.2 NSTF 3.0 250cm 2 4.0 5.0 NSTF MEA 5.1 NSTF / EW 5.2 5.3 10 312cm 2 5 DOE ECSA 0.25mg-Pt/cm 2 NSTF-PtCoMn MEA 1.5A/ cm 2 0.61V 150kPa H2/ 0.27g/kW 3M 7300 2-14 NSTF-PurePt NSTF-PtCoMn NSTF-PtNiFe 75

- MEA 2-6 - 76

6 MEA 0.25mg/cm 2 NSTF 2 50cm 2 NSTF 2 GDL GDL NSTF 77

FC5: Highly Dispersed Alloy Cathode Catalyst for Durability Sathya Motupally (UTC Power) 1 UTC Power 2-7 - UTC Power 2007/5/1 2010/4/30 33% DOE $6.278M UTC $2.860M FY07 DOE $200K FY08 DOE $1,600K Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells A&M 2 DOE 2010 2-8 - 78

3 2-9 - / 2008 8 2008 9 / 2008 10 2008 11 / 4 Pd/Pt Ir/Pt Co/Pd/Pt IrCo/Pt PdxCoy/Pt Pt/Au Ir 3 79

5 2-15 - 6 Pd3Co Ir PtIrX 80

2008 Pd3Co/Pt Ir/Pt IrxCoy 2009 81

FC7: Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell System for Automotive Application Brian D. James (DTI) 1 FC DOE 2-10 - DTI FC DOE 2006/2/17 2008/2/16 100% 3 1 2008 /2/16 25% 2 $325K 1 $182K DTI FY07 $175K FY08 $182K 2007 2010 2015 $/kwe(net) $25 $15 $/kwe(net) $45 $30 / 2 2-16 AMR Annual Merit Review 82

- 3 3 80kW PEMFC 2007 2010 2015 5 3 1,000 / 30,000 / 80,000 / 130,000 / 500,000 / 2-17 83

- 4 80kW 2007 91kW 1000 50 $60/ 10% 10% capital cost contingency is NOT included $1,100/troy oz. $2,000/troy oz. 5 DTI DFMA DFMA 2-18 Boothroyd-Dewhurst DFMA Design for Manufacturing and Assembly 20 Ford / 84

DTI DFMA DFMA = ( ) - DFMA 6 2-11 - 85

7 2-12 - 2007 2010 2010 2015 86

8 1 PEFC PEFC MEA 2 MEA 2 4 80 / Mike Brady 2-19 - 9 2-13 50 1 $94 $110 $16 87

- 1000 50 2-20 5-88

10 Balance of Plant 2-21 - BOP 70% BOP 2015 11 89

BOP BOP 12 3 1 2009 2 BOP BOP 45 57% 2008 4 2 2010 2 5 3 2011 2 90

FC8: A Direct Hydrogen PEMFC Manufacturing Cost Estimation for Automotive Applications Jayanti Sinha (TIAX) 1 TIAX DOE PEFC 2006 2-14 - TIAX 2006/2 2008/5 100% 2011/5 $415K FY07 $214K FY08 $/kw 2005 2010 2015 FC 110 45 30 FC 70 25 15 * 50 TIAX ANL 2 80kW PEFC 2007 NSTFC MEA 3M 30μm 2007 50 BOP 2007 2007 BOP 2005 2006 91

2008 2011 / BOP PEFC 3 2-15 - 4 2007 ANL 2-22 92

- 5 BOP 2-23 - TIAX 93

6 BOP 2 2-16 - TIAX TIAX DFMA CEM PEFC 7 BOP EOS 3 2-17 - 94

3 8 BOP BOP $1,350 2-18 - 9 CEM CEM $535 BOP 2-24 95

- CEM 10 BOP 2-25 - 96

11 2-26 BOP 2005 - PEFC BOP 2005 38% 2007 46% 12 PEFC 3 BOP CEM PEFC 13 BOP 100 $340/kW BOP 8 $26/kW BOP 2-27 97

- BOP 14 2-19 2007 PEFC DOE 2010 25 30% - 98

15 2007 PEFC 2007 2006 2007 BOP BOP 2007 PEFC BOP Fuel Cells Analysis 2-20 99

- 100 Project ID Partner FC4 FC1 FC2 FC3 3M Atanasoski 3M Debe ANL Myers LANL Zelenay BNL Jet Propulsion Labo ANL Dalhousie Univ Caltech California Institute of Technology PEFC Pt-2 Nanotechnology Vacuum Process 1,000 TiSi TiC 3M Fe 07 8 NSTF (Nanostructured thin film DOE 10 ) 4 10.5 PtNiFe DOE Pt 5000 GDL - Pd (Pd/Cu ) Pd/Cu(25:75) Pt20% 75% Pd/Cu MEA Cabot BNL Pt / Cabot 4 10 BNL Pt PtAuNi5 PtPd3Fe Pt (E-Tek Pt20% )

101 Project ID Partner FC4 FC5 FC6 FC7 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Viswanatha n UTC-Power Motupally ANL Ahluwalia DTI (Directed Technologie s Inc) James AFCC ORNL University of Delaware JM Texas Univ BNL A&M FreedumCAR Fuel Cell Technical Team 3M PEFC FC PEMFC WC( ) (ITO) SnO2 TiO2 WC Pt TiO2 (XC-72) E-Tek ( E-Tek 70% ) BNL Pt Pt Ir Pd3Co 09 FC DOE 3M NSTF (Pt 15% ) CO CO2 2008.2.16 80kW FCV 07 10 15 (1,000 500,000 / ) 3 GDL( - )

102 Project ID Partner FC9 FC15 FC16 FC20 ORNL More U of Central Florida Fenton Virginia Tech McGrath Case Western Pintauro P.Power Honda Research Institute BekkTech Scribner Associates LANL Giner Nissan Arkema PEFC MEA DOE R&D / FC 2000 190 MEA MEA 3 TEM BNL 2006 (PFSA) - (PTA) / Nafion(NRE212) ( ) DOE (0.07mS/cm at 80%RH and 30 ) ( 0.1mS/cm at 50%RH and 120 =Go/No Go) BPSH-100( ) 100 40%RH Nafion212 FC ( ) DOE 0.07mS/cm at 80%RH and 30

103 Project ID Partner FC23 FC24 FC39 FC40 FC42 FC44 FuelCell Energy Lipp Giner Mittelsteadt Intelligent Energy Swamy Plug Power Vogel UTC Power Strayer Delphi Blake Polymer Partner UConn General Motors Univ of South Carolina SNL BASF Fuel Cells Houston Advanced Research Center Volvo Paccar 1-10kW PEMFC FC PEMFC (heavy duty Vehicle) SOFC 2006 5 2.1 2007 Nafion112 3 / ( ) 4.4 ( ) 40% 70% 40,000 $450/kW IPHE SNL 35% 7.1 (2 DOE P-Power ) US/UE (PBI BASF/ PEMEAS ) $750/kW 35%(40% ) 85% 40,000 2004 22 (5 ) 150kW PEMFC FC 5kW 2 2004 SOFC

104 Project ID Partner FC47 FCP2 AN12 University of South Carolina Van Zee BASF Catalysts Shore TIAX Kromer P-Power Ceralink Gore 3M Pt FCV Pt 4 ( PEMFC PBI ) TiO2 Nb Pt Pt/Co 2003 5 MEA Pt MEA Pt 98% MEA 1 Pt 2020 50% FCV(80kW Pt16g/ ) 2-30 Pt $750/ oz( $2,000) Pt

Technology Validation TV1: HYDROGEN TO THE HIGHWAYS Ronald Grasman (Chrysler) 1 Chrysler DOE 2-21 - DOE FCV 2004/1/7 2009/9/30 85% $88.8M DOE FY05 $5.1M FY06 $6.3M FY07 $7.6M Chrysler BP America Daimler DTE Energy MBUSA Mercedes-Benz USA NextEnergy 2 FCV OEM 2-22 - 2009 2015 FC 2,000 5,000 250 300 $3/gge $2 $3/gge 105

3 2-23 - 2007 2 Detroit NextEnergy 35MPa 2008 11 Burbank 35MPa 70MPa 2008 9 3 ( ) 1 (A-Class and Sprinter Vans) 2008 2 FC 2000 FCV 12 2009 4 km 3 12 2 3 2 FCV 2010 9 4 1 30 FC NREL DOE Burbank Chrysler FCV 1 2 Chrysler DOE 106

HAZOP/HAZID 5 1 1 FCV 40 2006 2007 69 DVD NREL 30 1 FCV 2 1 DOE DOE 1 20 FCV 1 NREL 6 DOE Chrysler NREL A-Class FCV 2 1 1 60 35MPa 70MPa 10% 3 2 2 2 B 2-24 HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study HAZID Hazard Identification 107

2 2 FC 2 FDA: Fleet Data Acquisition - 2 B-Class Fuel Cell B-Class Fuel Cell Mercedes Benz B-Class T245 4 4 136 215lb-ft 108 ESP 70MPa 4 FCV SAE TIR J2719-V2 SB-76 SAE Society of Automotive Engineers CSA America HGV 4.X standards HPRD1 ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials 70MPa 2008 2 ICC International Code Council International Fire Code (fueling pad) 2008 4 108

5 2007 1 DOE 2007 2 DOE 2007 2 NextEnergy 2007 3 Burbank 700bar HAZOP TUV Technischer Uberwachungs-Verein 2007 1 NextEnergy 6 2-28 - 109

7 DOE FCV Daimler Chrysler DOE 2-29 - 8 2-25 - PG&E Mobile Burbank LAX non-doe DTE NextEnergy 150kg 240kg 140kg 50kg 10-15kg/ 108kg/ 25 kg/ 15kg/ 10-15kg/ 110

a PG&E Mobile PG E Chrysler 2 b Burbank 350bar 700bar Burbank 1 8 10kg HAZOP HAZID CEQA California Environmental Quality Act NEPA National Environmental Policy Act Burbank 2008 11 1 c LAX non-doe 2006 Daimler Chrysler FCV OEM Ford d DTE 2004 1 e NextEnergy DCC NEC National Electrical Code DCC 111

6 2009 2009 1 1 2 FCV FCV 1 F-Cell 2 FC 2 2 NextEnergy LAX PG&E Mobile Burbank 2008 4 3 Burbank 70MPa NREL/DOE 4 112

7 F-Cell A-Class & Sprinter Vans 1 10% 70MPa 60 2 2008 11 Burbank 100 SAE CSA ASTM ICC International Fire Code 113

TV2: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle & Infrastructure Demonstration Program Review Greg Frenette (Ford) 1 2-26 Ford - Ford 2004/11/17 2010/6 50% $88M DOE Ford FY07 $8.0M FY08 $5.8M BP America Ballard / AFCC City of Taylor SMUD Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Progress Energy & NextEnergy 2 2007 11 36 DOE 2009 12 114

3 FCV Merit Review 4 5 2 1 2 4 1 1 2008 2-30 115

- 1 2 1 3 Ford HyWay 2 3 700bar 116

- a HyWay 2 3 HyWay 2 3 2 Ford b 700bar 700bar 2-32 700bar 700bar 117

- 4 Flexible Series Hybrid APU Auxiliary Power Unit Ford APU - APU 5 Curbside delivery People mover HyWay HyWay 118

6 6 BP BP 2-27 - BP 1 Mobile Refuelers Mobile Refuelers 2 700bar Orland Sacramento 119

Taylor Dearborn 1 2-28 - Open Decommission 2 2-29 2008 3 SMUD 120

- Taylor Jamestown SMUD 2006 10 2007 4 2008 3 6600psig 6600psig 6600psig 2149kg 24kg/ 24kg/ RF RF RF 40 25 90 25 200 / 3 BP 2-30 121

- HAZID Hazard Identification QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study HSSE Health Safety Security Environment BP FCV FCV 4 DOE 122

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 5 700bar 7 2008 Ford 2009 700bar 2 Orland Taylor SMUD Dearborn 700bar 2008 6 123

8 1 2009 2 2006 2007 2008 2008 700bar 124

TV3: Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project Dan Casey (Chevron) 1 Chevron Hyundai-Kia UTC Power 2-31 - Chevron Hyundai-Kia UTC Power 2004/1/15 2009/9/30 65% $94.5M DOE $38.1M $56.4M FY07 $22.6M FY08 $5.8M FCV Hyundai-Kia Motor Companies UTC Power Hyundai Kia America Technical Center HATCHI Alameda Contra Costa Transit Southern California Edison Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (DOD) TARDEC Gas Technology Institute GTI 2 DOE 2009 250 2,000 $3.00/gge 125

3 4 2-34 - 5 2008 3 25 2008 7 2-32 2-35 126

- *CARB California Air Resources Board - 6 2-36 - 127

7 / 2-37 - 8 2-38 - 128

9 1 2-39 TARDEC Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center HATCI Ann Arbor 48 - FCV 2 2 2 700bar 33% 2-40 2-40 BOP Balance Of Plant 2007-700bar 129

3 2-41 SAE J2572 Chino Lab - 4 2-42 - 2-43 0.945 130

- 10 GTI POGT GTI POGT POGT POR 2-44 7 95 POGT 9 WGS 2-44 PSA - 131

11 ESD FCV 2-45 AC Transit Oakland - FCV 12 2-46 - 13 2-33 132

- 1 FACP Fire Alarm Control Panel SIS Safety Instrumented System FACP SIS 2 Chino Orland Oakland Los Angeles SANGB 14 2-47 85% 1kg/min (%) (kg)/ (kg) 133

- 2-48 15 28.4kg/m 3 350bar 24.1kg/m 3 1m 3 4.3kg 24.1kg 75% - 134

15 Chino Oakland Rosemead Selfridge Orlando 32 POGT 2008 2 BOP 16 FCV 32 FCV 6 DOE Merit Review NREL 5 NREL 7 10% NREL 135

TV4: Hydrogen Vehicle and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Rosalind B. Sell (GM) 1 GM 2-34 - GM 2004/10/1 2009/9/30 75% $88.0M DOE GM FY07 $20.7M FY08 DOE $6.0M $H2 /gge Shell Hydrogen, LLC Fort Belvoir Quantum Technologies, Inc. Viewpoint Systems NextEnergy 2 Project Driveway 1 EPA D.C. DDOT 2 1 GM Shell Hydrogen FCV 136

2 2 Burbank 3 FCV 40 FCV 5 FCV NextEnergy FCV 100 Chevrolet Equinox FCV 2007 2010 Los Angeles, Sacramento D.C. 137

FCV Chevrolet.com Website 2-49 - Chevrolet.com Website 138

4 Chevrolet Equinox FCV Chevrolet Equinox FCV 2-35 - Chevrolet Equinox 150 2008 EPA 700bar 4.2kg 12 60 100 FMVSS 17 2 2 OnStar ABS FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle safety standards 5 Driver Relationship Manager DRMs 24 OnStar XM 139

6 2-36 2-50 - 2 GM 11 Chevrolet Equinox FCV D.C. D.C. NREL Shell Hydrogen GM Ardsley Fort Belvoir D.C. Benning Road - 2008 5 700bar - - 3 93% - 700-400 City of White Plains Department of Public Works DPW - 2007 9-2008 2 700bar - - 2-350/700bar - - 2008 2009 140

- City of White Plains 7 2-37 - 2 GM 11 Chevrolet Equinox FCV NREL 700bar GM Burbank Lake Forest Quantum Santa Monica 2008 4 350bar 2008 5 141

8 1 2 2 9 NextEnergy NextEnergy Hydrogen Permitting Officials NextEnergy Main Web Site 2008 5 30 2007 11 28 10 2 2008 5 2 350/700bar 2008 2009 Chevrolet Equinox FCV NextEnergy 2008 2008 142

11 700bar 12 2-38 - 2 143

TV6: Validation of an Integrated Hydrogen Energy Station Edward C. Heydorn (Air Products and Chemicals) 1 Air Products APCI APCI 2-51 - APCI 2 MCFC MCFC 2-52 MCFC - 144

3 DOE HFCIT 2-39 - DOE 2001/9/30 2009/3/31 20% 75% $5.0M DOE $5.4M ( FY07 $1.3M FY08 DOE $1.264M $3.00/kg 40% FuelCell Energy MCFC WGS 4 1 PEM FC FY04 2 FY06 3 2008 3 4 2009 5 3 1 DFC Direct Fuel Cell FuelCellEnergy 145

2 DFC 6 2-53 2-54 - - 146

7 HFCIT Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies HFCIT 50% ( )/( ) 40% 8 HFCIT 2-40 - 9 HFCIT HFCIT $3.00/kg $6.00/kg SGIP $2.50/kg $2.25/kg Self-Generation Incentive Program O ROI=10% =0.10/kWhr =93% =$7.00/ btu =50% 147

10 2-55 - 11 1 DFC DFC 2007 CARB CARB CO2 148

2 2-41 NOx SOx - 12 HES 2-56 - 149

13 2-57 - 14 3 FY08 Skids FCE 4 FY08-09 150

TV7: California Hydrogen Infrastructure Project Edward C. Heydorn (Air Products) 1 Air Products APCI 2-42 - 2005/8 2008/9 85% $5.5M DOE $5.4M ( FY07 DOE $4.4M FY08 $0.7M 2008 2 29 SCAQMD(South Coast Air Quality Management District) OEM (UC Irvine / UCI) 2 7 New Delivery Concept NDC Hydrogen Based Unit HBU 151

3 OEM OEM DOE / ( ) 4 (UCI) Torrance Hydrogen Fuelers HF-150 New Delivery Concept NDC Hydrogen Based Unit HBU UCI 152

5 2-43 - UCI 350/700bar Mobile Fueler 2007 6 153

6 New Delivery Concept NDC 2-58 - NDC 7 Torrance Air Products South Lake Tahoe Mobile Fueler 154

8 1 100psi 14,000psi 2-44 - 14,000psi 4,000psi 9 155

(GHG: Green House Gas) 2-59 - 10 UCI Torrance 350 700bar Hydrogen Fuelers HF-150 New Delivery Concept NDC NDC 1 NDC 2 Hydrogen Based Unit HBU HBU 2 DOE UCI 156

11 350,700bar UCI HF-150 UCI 157