!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! II I II II Drug discovery for treatment against diabetes by using hyperglycemic silkworms Yasuhiko Matsumoto and Kazuhisa Sekimizu Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo,, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan pp.
R Replacement Reduction Refinement Relative Replacement Caenorhabditis elegans Drosophila melanogaster A Silkmate S B C D E F B
A B C D E F A c AGEs advanced glycation end products AGEs A AGEs A D E I Akt
A B CD Akt AAkt in vitro Akt B Akt PIphosphoinositide -kinase PI Kwortmannin B PI AMP adenosine -monophosphate-activated protein kinase AMPK AICAR -aminoimidazole- -carboxamide ribonucleotideamp AICAR C AICAR AMPK D AICAR AMPK AICAR E G AICAR H AMPK
A AGEs AGEs B CDE AGEs in vivo
AMPK A B Akt PI K C AICAR D AICAR AMPK E AICAR FGH AICAR AICAR
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