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Table 1 Antibacterial spectra of CPM and other antimicrobials against anaerobes Fig. 1 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against B. fragilis (136 strains) Fig. 2 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against B. thetaiotaomicron (29 strains)

Fig. 3 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against Fusobacterium sp. (24 strains) Fig. 6 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against C. perfringens (13 strains) Fig. 4 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against P. magnus (18 strains) Fig. 7 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against C. difficile (34 strains) Fig. 5 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against Peptococcus sp. (21 strains)

Fig. 8 Development of resistance of B. fragilis (GAI-0548 & GAI-0536) to CPM, CEZ and LMOX in vitro Fig. 9 Effect of CPM on growth B. fragilis GAI-0548 Fig. 10 Effect of CFX on growth B. fragilis GAI-0548 curve of curve of

Fig. 13 Ĉ-lactamase activity of B. fragilis (GAI-0830) Fig. 11 Morphological changes at various concentration of CPM, CEZ, CAZ, T-1982 and LMOX Fig. 14 Ĉ-lactamase activity of B. fragilis (GAI-0548) Fig. 12 Morphological changes at various concentration of CPM, CEZ, CAZ, T-1982 and LMOX Fig. 15 Ĉ-lactamase activity of B. fragilis (GAI-0511)

Fig. 16 13-Lactamase activity of B. fragilis (GAI-0763) Fig. 18 Appearance of C. difficile in caecum content of mice administered various cephem-antibiotics Fig. 17 13-Lactamase activity of B. fragilis (GAI-0556) Medication : Dose 2 mg/ml/day, Route s. c., Term 7 days 4-F :.104or more/plate, 3+ :104 `103/plate, 2+ : 103 `102/plate, 1+:103 `100/plate, - : no growth

5) SNYDMAN, D. R. ; F. P.TALLY, R. KNUPPEL, J. LA- NDRIGAN, S. L. GORBACH & J. G. BARTLETT : Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides disiens in obstetrical patients : Clinical findings and antimicrobial susceptibilities. J. Antimicrob. Chemoth. 6: 519 `525, 1980

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ACTIVITY OF CEFPIRAMIDE (SM-1652) AGAINST ANAEROBIC BACTERIA MIDORI ISONO, HISASHI YAMADA, MAKOTO AOKI, KAYO SAWA, KUNITOMO WATANABE and KAZUE UENO Institute of Anaerobic Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Gifu University We studied the antibacterial activity against anaerobes of cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652), a newly developed cephalosporin-type antibiotic. The antibacterial activity and spectra of cefpiramide against anaerobes were almost the same as those of CPZ. Strong antibacterial actions were notobserved against bacteria of the 13-lactamase producing strains including B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron and E. lentum but strong antibacterial actions were observed on such anaerobes as Bacteroidesoutside the B. fragilis group, anaerobe cocci C. ramosum and C. clostridiiforme. We compared the distribution of susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefpiramide with those to other cephem-type antibiotics, CFX, CMZ, LMOX, CTT, CTX, CZX, CMX, CEZ, CMD and CPZ. Against B. fragilis (136 strains) the MIC50 of cefpiramide was 8 ƒêg/ml and the MIC90 was above 128ƒÊg/ml, thus the order of activity was LMOX>CTT>CFX>CMZ>CZX>CTX àcmx>cpm àcpz> CEZ>CMD. Against B. thetaiotaomicron (29 strains) the MIC50 of cefpiramide was 64 ƒêg/ml and the MIC90 was 128 ƒêg/ml so that it was on par with the 10 other cephem-type drugs. Against Fusobacterium sp. (24 strains) cefpiramide displayed an MIC50 of 0.031 ƒêg/ml and an MIC90 of 1 ƒêg/ml, thus cefpiramide displayed the best antibacterial activity of all 11 drugs tested. Against C. perfringens (13 strains), P.magnus (18 strains) and Peptococcus sp. (21 strains) the MICR) of cefpiramide ranged from 0. 125 to 2.0 ƒêg/ml and the MIC90 ranged from 1. 0 to 8.0 ƒêg/ml so that it displayed an excellent antibacterial action. Against C. difficile (34 strains) the MIC50 of cefpiramide was 16 ƒêg/ml and the MIC90 was 32 ƒêg/ml so that it showed a somewhat superior antibacterial action to cephamycin type and oxime-cephalosporin type drugs. And among cephalosporin type drugs the order of the antibacterial activities was CEZ=CMD>CPM>CPZ. Cefpiramide proved to be unstable against ƒà-lactamase produced by B. fragilis. If the activity level of CEZ is set as 100, then the activity level of cefpiramide ranged from 40 to 50. When 1/2 MIC, 1 MIC and 2 MIC of cefpiramide was placed in with 108/ml of ƒà-lactamase-producing B. fragilis during the late logarithmic proliferation period, even at a concentration of 2 MIC only bacteria-static effect was observed and regrowth was observed after 3 hours. When B. fragilis was added to successive cultures with a culture medium containing cefpiramide it acquired step-by-step resistance and after the 13 th generation culture the MIC value had increased by 4 to 8 times., When cefpiramied was subcutaneously administered at 2 mg daily over a period of 7 days to ICR mice, an abnormal proliferation of C. difficile was observed in the caecum.

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