(Research in Experimental Phonetics and Linguistics) 7: 45-63 (2015) /da/ /ra/ /ra/ /da/ 1. 1.1 ( ) ( ) ( ) [ɾ] 1 2 [l] 1 (1998 104-105) [ɾ] [ɺ] [d] / C 26370458 45
(2003 11) [ɾ] [t] [l] [ɺ] (2010 215) [ɾ] 1 1.2 1.2.1 (palatography) (linguography) 1 (palatogram) (linguogram) (1984) (1) (2) (3) 1.2.2 (1984) 1 2 17 30 30 60 1 (2012) 46
( 0.2mm, 4g) Linguagram ( ) 1 2 ( 100 ) 60 (1958) 5 (1958) 4 p.7 5 5 ( ) V V ( ) C ( ) N ( 0 O N ) ( ) H ( ) U ( ) ( ) (d) C (e) H 47
(1958) p.4 (1958) p.5 (1958) H C 1.1 (2003) (1991) 1/63 3/63 1/63 3/63 48
2 라디오 뿌리 1.3 (1958) 5 H (2003) 2. 2.1 S.J. 1986 I.M. 1985 7 7 O.H. 1985 ( ) N.T. 1985 S.A. 1985 K.M. 1985 2.2 / ra / / ri / / ru / / re / / ro / / da / 2.3 2007 8 12 2014 7 9 2 6F 2-0623 ( ) ( ) ( 15cm 4.5cm) (Nikon COOLPIX S1 Nikon COOLPIX S200) 49
( ) ( ) / r / / r / ( 1 / ra / 2 / da / 1 / ra / 2 / ri / 3/ da /) 2 4 1 2 4 1 1 50
1 1 1 2.4 3. 3.1 /ra//da/ 3.1.1 S.J. 1-1 /ra/ 1-2 /da/ 51
1 S.J. /ra/ /da/ I.M. 2-1 /ra/ 2-2 /da/ 2 I.M. /ra/ /da/ 52
O.H. 3-1 /ra/ 3-2 /da/ 3 O.H. /ra/ /da/ 3 /ra/ /da/ 3 [ɾ] /ra/ /da/ S.J. /ra/ /da/ /ra/ I.M. /ra/ /da/ /ra/ O.H. /ra//da/ /ra/ /da/ /da/ /da/ /ra/ ( 4) 53
4 O.H. /ra/( ) /da/( ) (1958) C H C 3 /da/ 1.2.2. (1958) /ra/ 5 C (1958) H (2003) [ɾ] [d] 3.1.2 /ra/ /da/ N.T. 5-1 /ra/ 5-2 /da/ 54
4 N.T. /ra/ /da/ S.A. 6-1 /ra/ 6-2 /da/ 5 S.A. /ra/ /da/ 2 /ra/ 1 [ɾ] /ra/ /da/ N.T. /ra/ /da/ /ra/ /ra/ /da/ S.A. /ra/ /da/ 55
/da/ /ra/ 3.1.3 [ɾ] /ra/ K.M. 7-1 /ra/ 7-2 /da/ 6 K.M. /ra/ /da/ /ra/ /da/ 8 56
8 K.M. /ra/ /ra/ /r/ [l] 2 3.2 /ra/ 3.2.1 N.T. /ri/ /ru/ 2 /ra/ /da/ K.M. /ra/( ) /da/( ) 2 20623 PC KAY Multi Speech 44100Hz 16bit mono KAY Multi Speech 44100Hz 256pt 252.34Hz /ra/ F1 564Hz F2 2125Hz F3 3331Hz 66msec 8 [ɺ] [l] 57
8-1 N.T. /ri/ 8-2 N.T. /ru/ /ri/ /ru/ 9-1 9-2 9-1 N.T. /ri/ 9-2 N.T. /ru/ 58
/ri/ /ru/ /r/ /i/ 6 5 /ri/ 1.2.2 (1958) 3.2.2 /r/ [l] K.M. 3.1.3. /ra/ /r/ [l] [l] /re/ /ro/ 10-1 K.M. /re/ 10-2 K.M. /ro/ /re/ 11 59
11 K.M. /re/ 3.1.3 /ra/ /ro/ [l] /ru/ 12 K.M. /ro/( ) /ru/( ) K.M. /ro//ru/ /ru/ /ro/ 12 /ru/ ( ) /ro/ /r/ 3.2.3 S.A. 3.1.2 /da/ 13-1 13-2 S.A. /ru//re/ 60
13-1 S.A. /ru/ 13-2 S.A. /re/ /da/ 3.1.2 /ra/ 3 /r/ [ɾ] 1 4. /ra/ /da/ /r/ [ɾ] /ra/ /da/ /i/ 3.2.3 S.A. /ru/, /re/ [ɾ] [l] 3 61
(1958) 58 10 1-19 (2003) (1991) ( ) (1998) (2010) (2012) 29 417-432 (1984) 62
Characteristics of Japanese Ra-gyôn with palatography and linguography Eri TAKEISHI & Takahiro FUKUMORI Japanese Ra-gyôn (/r/ as liquid phoneme) was observed in this paper by using a static method of physiological phonetics called palatography and linguography. With this method, the place of articulation is determined from the palate or tongue with a mixture of edible oil and powdered coal. Regarding the difference between /da/ and /ra/, the manner of articulation, whether plosive or flap, was assumed to be determined according to the difference in the contact area of blade of tongue and alveolar arch. As a result, a relatively smaller contact area was successfully confirmed as a flap to distinguish the two. It was further confirmed that there are people whose /ra/ becomes a lateral and whose overall dorsum of tongue contacts the palate at the time of articulating /da/. Member of the Japan Experimental Linguistics Society E-mail: edgewood_rain_14@yahoo.co.jp Faculty of Foreign Languages Daito Bunka University 1-9-1 Takashimadaira, Itabashi, Tokyo 175-8571, Japan E-mail: ICG01649@nifty.com 63