B

B07557 0 0

(AGN) AGN AGN X X AGN AGN Geant4 AGN X

X X (AGN) AGN AGN X AGN. AGN AGN Seyfert Seyfert Seyfert AGN 94 Carl Seyfert Seyfert Seyfert z < 0. Seyfert I II I 000 km/s 00 km/s II AGN (BLR) (NLR) BLR NLR BLR NLR Seyfert AGN Seyfert Seyfert I II

AGN AGN quasar(quasi-stellar Radio Source) AGN AGN. AGN AGN L Edd F L F L = L Edd 4πr c σ T (.) σ T = 6.65 0 5 cm L Edd 4πr c σ T = GMm r (.) L Edd L Edd = 4πcGMm H = 4πcGM ( ) ( ) m H M. 0 8 σ T σ T M MM erg/s (.) AGN L 0 44 0 48 erg/s 0 6 0 8 M AGN 0 4 sec 0 AU 0 6 0 8 M AGN AGN AGN BLR( ) NLR( ) BLR NLR. BLR SeyfertII 4

BLR SeyfertII BLR AGN X [?] AGN??.: AGN [?] AGN Seyfert I II?? I BLR NLR AGN II NLR AGN 5

. AGN X AGN X AGN.. AGN X A(E) = KE Γ (.4) Γ K [ph/s/cm /kev@kev] 00 kev 00 kev.. AGN AGN X exp ( N H σ(e)) (.5) N H σ(e) σ = i f i σ i (E) f i σ i σ i Z 4.5 E Z( )?? N H?? 0 kev 0 kev AGN [?] 6

.: power-law : 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm 0 cm [?] Solar abundance 0 /g) Cross Section (cm 0 0-0 - - 0 0-4 0 energy (kev) 0.: [?] 7

.. AGN K X Fe K α : 6.404 KeV Fe K α : 6.9 KeV Fe K β : 7.058 KeV K α 0 Fe K α p s p p j=/ Fe K α j=/ Fe K α Fe K β p s X??.4: AGN?? E γ = E γ + E γ m e c ( cosθ) E γ 6.4 kev (θ = 80 ) E γ 6.4 kev (.6).5: 8

AGN X?? X Chandra/HETGS X GX0- HETGS(High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer) 6.4 KeV ev.6: X GX0- [?] HETGS AGN X ASTRO-H SXS 4 ev AGN [?].4 AGN AGN AGN AGN X AGN ASTRO-H X AGN X 9

Geant4. Geant4 Geant4 Geant4 AGN AGN Geant4 Geant4 version9. patch-04 G4EMLOW6.. Fe Geant4 AGN Geant4??.: dω ɛ th dɛi(ɛ)y K Z ( e τ th) 4π (.) 0

dω ɛ th I(ɛ) YZ K τ th optical depth optical depth τ τ = κρd κ(cm /g) ρ(g/cm ) d(cm) dω = 4π ɛ th =7. kev I(ɛ)=60000(count/keV) YZ K =0.898 6 kev τ 0.(ρ = 7.874 g/cm d=0.0006 cm) 4 0 kev???? input-energy 0 00 h Entries 000000 Mean RMS 4.68 Fe_plate 0 4 h Entries 795 Mean 6.67 RMS.69 kev - 50 00 50 0 0 00 50 0 0 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0 0 0 4 6 8 0 4 6 8 0.:.:?? Fe K α 6.4 kev K β 7.0 kev 0.5 kev Fe L?? 6086 count?? 8489 count 0 6.4 kev 7.09 kev 6.6 kev 7.0 kev Geant4

. X AGN?? 6 kev τ=.65 0 4 N H (cm ) H.00 Al.95 0 6 He 9.77 0 Si.55 0 5 C.6 0 4 S.6 0 5 N. 0 4 Ar.6 0 6 O 8.5 0 4 Ca.9 0 6 Ne. 0 4 Cr 4.84 0 7 Na.4 0 6 Fe 4.68 0 5 Mg.80 0 5 Ni.78 0 6.: [?].. Optical depth Optical depth(τ) τ 6 kev τ τ?? τ < Solar abundance plate 0 4 count 0-0 0 Optical depth.4: Optical depth τ τ > τ

.. Optical depth Optical depth τ θ??.5: θ solar abundance plate tau=0. tau=. tau=8. 0 0 0 0.5.5.5 theta.6: radian τ τ θ=0.57(0 π/)rad.4 K α 6.4 kev τ =?? 50 80 6.4 kev 5.4 kev

compton shoulder 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 5. 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6. 6.4 6.6.7: Cr X 6.4 kev 6.4 kev.5 AGN AGN?? Ikeda et al(009).8: AGN?? r in r out r in /r out 0.0 θ oa 40 θ 4

. E.5 kev 00 kev τ=0.5?? X τ 0.5?? agn simulation 0 4 0 0-0 0-60 60-90 90-0 0-50 50-80 0 0 0 0.9:?? 0 0 50 80 0 60 0 50 60 90 90 0 60 90 0 0 0 0 60 90 0 60 40?? (kev) (kev).4 K α Mg.54.7 K α Si.740.8 K α S.08.9 K α Ar.957.66 K α Ca.69 6.6 K α Fe 6.404 7.0 K β Fe 7.058 7.44 K α Ni 7.478 8. K β Ni 8.65.:.???? 4 kev 5 0 kev Fe-K?? θ = π (,0,0) 4 kev 5

torus 0-4keV 5-0keV torus 0-4keV 5-0keV Fe-K Fe-K 0 0 0 0 0.5.5.5 theta 0 - - - 0 phi.0: θ.: φ θ=0.7 rad.5 rad 40?? φ=0 (,0,0) 6

AGN X AGN.5... τ θ oa?????? 40 0 0 60 90?? τ 60 90???? θ oa =0 0 60?? θ oa =80 0 60 θ=60 90 7

AGN simulation tau=0.0 AGN simulation tau=0.06 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 90-0 degree 04 90-0 degree 04 0-50 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=0. 0 AGN simulation tau=0.5 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 0 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 90-0 degree 04 90-0 degree 04 0-50 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=0.6 0 0 0-60 degree 04 90-0 degree 4 0 0 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree AGN simulation tau= 0-0 degree 05 0-50 degree 0 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=.5 0 AGN simulation tau=6 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 0 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 05 90-0 degree 4 0 90-0 degree 4 0 0-50 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 図.: τ による直接成分のスペクトルの変化と角度依存性 左上:τ =0.0 右上:τ =0.06 中段左 上:τ =0. 中段右上:τ =0.5 中段左下:τ =0.6 中段右下:τ = 左下:τ =.5 右上 τ =6 8

AGN simulation torus tau=0.6 0-0 degree AGN simulation tau=0.6 0-0 degree 5 0 0-60 degree 5 0 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 90-0 degree 0 4 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 4 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.: τ τ=0.6 AGN simulation tau= theta oa =0 degree 5 0 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree AGN simulation tau= 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 4 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.: θ oa θ oa =0 θ oa =40 τ= AGN simulation tau= theta oa =80 degree 5 0 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree AGN simulation tau= 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 4 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4: θ oa θ oa =80 θ oa =40 τ= 9

???? τ?? τ τ τ >0.6 θ?? θ 90 τ >0.5 θ oa 80?? τ τ.. θ 90 τ=6 τ?? Ω = 4π(cos(θ)) θ oa =80 0

AGN simulation tau=0.0 0-0 degree AGN simulation tau=0.06 0-0 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 90-0 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=0. 0-0 degree AGN simulation tau=0.5 0-0 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 90-0 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=0.6 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree AGN simulation tau= 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AGN simulation tau=.5 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree AGN simulation tau=6 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5: τ :τ=0.0 :τ=0.06 :τ=0. :τ=0.5 :τ=0.6 :τ= :τ=.5 τ=6

AGN simulation torus tau=0.6 0-0 degree AGN simulation tau=0.6 0-0 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 0 4 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 90-0 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6: τ τ=0.6 AGN simulation tau= theta oa =0 degree 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree AGN simulation tau= 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7: θ oa θ oa =0 θ oa =40 τ= AGN simulation tau= theta oa =80 degree 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree AGN simulation tau= 0 4 0-0 degree 0-60 degree 90-0 degree 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0-50 degree 50-80 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8: θ oa θ oa =80 θ oa =40 τ= 0 kev Count 0 Counts 0-0 - 0 Optical depth.9: 0 kev ( ) ( )

Fe Line Fe Count θ oa 0 4 Fe Line 0 0 Counts 0 4 0-0 - 0 0 Optical depth 0 Ω.0: τ ( ) θ oa.. AGN θ oa =40 0 90 0 9 90 80 τ=0.6 τ=?? AGN simulation AGN simulation 0 0 0 AGN simulation 50-60 degree 0 4 hist Entries 78770 Mean 6.66 RMS 0.785 AGN simulation 50-60 degree 0 4 hist Entries Mean 6.4 RMS 0.6467 0 0 0 0.: τ=0.6 ( ) τ= ( ) 50 60 + τ= τ=0.6?? τ= 0 40 40 90 40 50 6.4 kev

?? τ=6 θ 40 50 τ= θ τ=?? θ 50 60 τ θ oa /Fe Kα 0.6 40 0.06 0 0. 40 0.09 80 0.05 6 40 0..:?? τ=?? τ=6 4

AGN simulation 0-0 degree AGN simulation 0-0 degree 0 4 0 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 0-40 degree AGN simulation 40-50 degree 0 4 0 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 50-60 degree AGN simulation 60-70 degree 0 4 0 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 70-80 degree AGN simulation 80-90 degree 0 4 0 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8.: tau= :0 0 :0 0 :0 40 :40 50 :50 60 :60 70 :70 80 :80 90 5

AGN simulation 0-0 degree AGN simulation 0-0 degree 0 4 0 0 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 0-40 degree 0 4 AGN simulation 40-50 degree 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 50-60 degree hist Entries 48 Mean 6.49 RMS 0.4979 AGN simulation 60-70 degree 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 AGN simulation 70-80 degree 0 hist Entries 460 Mean 6.57 RMS 0.4497 AGN simulation 80-90 degree 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8.: τ=6 :0 0 :0 0 :0 40 :40 50 :50 60 :60 70 :70 80 :80 90 6

4 AGN X 6 kev 0 ev Geant4 4. XIS XIS xissim XIS Geant4?? xissim τ= θ oa =40 θ=50 60 (ksec) flux (photons cm s )(.5 00 kev) AGN??.7 kev Si X CCD Si X?? (powerlaw) (gaussian) (norm) 0 normalized /sec/kev 0. 0 AGN Simulation 50 60 degree normalized /sec/kev χ 4 0 4 0.0 0. 0 00 5060.pha data and folded model 5 Energy (kev) kazuma 8 Feb 0 6:4 4.: xissim 0 kev ( ) ( ) 7

E A(E) = K ( kev ) a (4.) A(E) = K π δ(e c) (4.) K K a c c=6.6 kev c=6.0 kev Geant4?? 6.4 kev?? θ /Fe Kα 0 0 0.07±0.04 0 0 0.05±0.04 0 0 0.0±0.04 0 40 0.04±0.04 40 50 0.06±0.0 50 60 0.06±0.0 60 70 0.06±0.0 70 80 0.05±0.0 80 90 0.05±0.0 4.:?????? ASTRO-H SXS Geant4 τ= θ oa =40 θ=50 60?? XIS XIS Si X?? K α K α XIS 8

AGN Simulation 0 0 degree AGN Simulation 0 0 degree χ normalized /sec/kev 4 0 4 5 0 0 χ normalized /sec/kev 4 0 4 5 0 0 AGN Simulation 0 0 degree AGN Simulation 0 40 degree χ normalized /sec/kev 4 0 4 5 0 0 normalized /sec/kev 5 0 0 AGN Simulation 40 50 degree AGN Simulation 50 60 degree χ 4 0 4 χ 4 0 4 normalized /sec/kev 0 0 50 00 normalized /sec/kev 0 50 00 AGN Simulation 60 70 degree AGN Simulation 70 80 degree χ 4 0 4 χ 0 4 normalized /sec/kev 0 50 normalized /sec/kev 0 50 00 00 AGN Simulation 80 90 degree χ normalized /sec/kev 4 0 4 0 50 00 4.: XIS :0 0 :0 0 :0 0 :0 40 :40 50 :50 60 :60 70 :70 80 9

AGN Simulation 50 60 degree ASTRO H SXS ASTRO H SXS normalized /sec/kev 0. 0 00 5 Energy (kev) normalized /sec/kev 0 50 00 00 4.: ASTRO-H SXS 50 60 0..0 kev ( ) 5.8 7.0 kev ( ) 4. AGN XIS AGN 5?? 5 z N H (cm ) Circinus Galaxy 0.00.0 0 4 Centaurus A 0.00.4 0 NGC45 0.00.4 0 NGC488 0.008.6 0 MRK 0.0 7.5 0 4.: 6.7 kev 7.0keV?? 4?? NGC45???? /Fe Kα τ Circinus Galaxy 0.05±0.0.65 Centaurus A 0.07±0.05 0.7 NGC45 0.4±0.0 0.64 NGC488 0.07±0.04 0.95 MRK 0.0±0.04.98 4.: NGC45 Cen A 0

Circinus_Galaxy Circinus Galaxy normalized /sec/kev 0.0 0. normalized /sec/kev 0.05 0. 0. 0.5 5 0 Centaurus_A Centaurus A normalized /sec/kev 0. 0.0 0.05 0. 0.5 normalized /sec/kev 0.5 5 0 NGC45 NGC45 normalized /sec/kev 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0. 0. 0.5 5 0 normalized /sec/kev χ 0. 0. 0.5 0 4 NGC488 NGC488 normalized /sec/kev 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0. 0. 0.5 5 0 normalized /sec/kev χ 0.05 0. 0. 0 MRK MRK normalized /sec/kev 0.0 0. 5 0 0.0 0.05 χ normalized /sec/kev 0 0.0 0.05 0. 0.5 5 0 4.4: 0..0 kev ( ) 6.4 kev :Circinus Galaxy :Centaurus A :NGC45 :NGC488 :MRK

4. τ Circinus Galaxy τ θ oa >40 Centaurus A τ τ=0.5 θ 60 90 θ oa <40 NGC45 θ 40 50 50 60 θ oa 40 Centaurus A NGC488 τ 0.95 θ > θ oa MRK τ=.98 θ oa >40

5 Geant4 AGN ASTRO-H

4 Geant4 4

[] 4 I- [] Suganuma et al, 006,ApJ 69, 46 [] 008 [4] NIST XCOM: Poton Cross Section Database (http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/xcom/index.cfm) [5] Ikeda et al, 009, ApJ 69, 608 [6] Watanabe et al, 00, ApJ 597, L7 [7] Yaqoob et al,0,mnras accepted (arxiv:00.56) [8] Anders and Grevesse (989) [9] An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology Mark H.Jones and Robert J.A.Lambourne CAMBRIDE UNIVERSITY PRESS [0] Ishisaki et al, 007,PASJ,59S,S [] 007 [] Geant4 User s Guide for Application Developers (http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/userdocumentation/usersguides/forapplicationdeveloper/html/ind [] 4.0.,009, [4] Giorgio M., 00,MNRAS 7,47 [5] fukazawa et al,0, ApJ 77, 9 5