51 155 2009 23-30 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.51 No.155 (2009) 23-30 FEATURE Clarification of Engine Combustion and the Evolution ディーゼルエンジン燃焼の課題と今後 Diesel Combustion Challenge and Future * FURUNO, Shigeo* and TOMODA, Terutoshi 1 410-1193 1200 Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200 Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193, Japan 1. はじめに EGR CO2 ( 1) * Corresponding author. E-mail: shigeo@furuno.tec.toyota.co.jp Figure 1 Emission registration 2. これまでの取組み 2.1. 排出ガスのクリーン化 (NOx) EGR EGR (Soot) EGR Soot Soot NOx (23)
24 51 155 2009 Figure 2 Combustion concept of UNIBUS Figure 4 Reaction model of soot particle formation Figure 3 Operation map with UNIBUS (LAND CRUISER PRAD) NOx Soot NOx Soot CO2 Soot NOx (HCCI) NOx Soot UNIBUS (Uniform Bulky Combustion System) 2, 3 [1,2] 3 UNIBUS 2.2. 排出ガス CO2 の同時低減に向けて CO2 ft [3] 0 Soot ( 4) Soot 3 CFD Soot NOx 5 Soot NOx Soot NOx ( HCCI ) Soot NOx (24)
25 Figure 7 Comparison of SMOKE emission Figure 5 f-t map for diesel combustion analysis (conventional combustion case) Figure 8 Motoring friction (Engine displacement: 2L) Figure 6 f and T conditions for simultaneous reduction of Soot and NOx 6 3. 期待される新技術 CO2 3.1. 低圧縮比化 ( 7) ηth [4] 8 9 [5,6] 10 (25)
26 51 155 2009 Figure 9 Fuel consumption (Engine displacement: 2L, max PFP: 15MPa) Figure 12 Effect of multi injection Figure 10 Trend of compression ratio for passenger car Figure 13 Effect of glow plug surface temperature on HC reduction Figure 11 HC reduction with large number of holes 1990 THC ( 11) ( 12) ( 13) [7] EGR EGR 3.2. 高過給高 EGR NOx EGR EGR Soot 14 EGR EGR Soot 15 EGR EGR EGR 16 NOx 17 EGR ft [8] 18 (26)
27 Figure 14 Effect of high charge & high EGR (Engine displacement: 2.2L, 2000rpm, Pme: 1.05MPa Figure 17 Relation between Boost and required injection pressure (Engine displacement: 2.2L) Figure 18 f and T conditions for high charge, high EGR, and high injection pressure case [8] Figure 15 History of cylinder pressure and temperature (Engine displacement: 2.2L, 2000rpm, Pme: 1.05MPa) Figure 19 2-stage turbo system Figure 16 NOx reduction effect (Engine displacement: 2.2L, 2000rpm, Pme: 1.05MPa) [9] 1 2 ( 19) 3.3. LPL-EGR EGR EGR 1 HPL (High Pressure Loop) EGR EGR (27)
28 51 155 2009 Figure 20 LPL-EGR system Figure 23 Effect of LPL-EGR system (Engine displacement: 2.2L, 2000rpm) Figure 21 Reduction of intake gas temperature (Engine displacement: 2.2L, 2200rpm, Pme:0.62MPa) Figure 22 History of cylinder pressure and PV diagram (Engine displacement: 2.2L, Pme: 0.62MPa) EGR LPL (Low Pressure Loop) EGR 20 EGR (DPF) EGR EGR 2 EGR LPL-EGR 2 1 EGR 21 22 (HPL) NOx Soot LPL 23 NOx LPL-EGR NOx LPL-EGR [9,10] HPL-EGR EGR LPL- EGR EGR MPL (Mixed Pressure Loop) EGR EGR (28)
29 Figure 24 Denso common rail system road map Figure 26. Needle lift behavior (Pc: 180MPa, Q: 80mm 3 /st) Figure 27 Sauter mean diameter (Pc: 63MPa) Figure 25 Configuration of piezo injector (G2P) 3.4. 噴射系の改良 24 [12] 1 25 (G2P) (Control Valve) (Needle) 26 ( 27) [13] 4. さらなる高効率化に向けて 28 29 CO2 (29)
30 51 155 2009 References Figure 28 Comparison of heat balance with marine diesel Figure 29 Relation between cylinder bore and effective thermal efficiency 1. Hasegawa,R., Yanagihara,H., SAE paper 2003-01-0745 2. Yanagihara,H., JSME B.(in Japanese) Vol.40, No.4, 592-598 (1997) 3. Akihama, K., Takatori, Y., Inagaki, K., Sasaki, S,. Dean, A.M., SAE Paper 2001-01-0655 4. Sakata, I., Nagae, M., Aachener Kolloquium Fahrzeug und Motorentechnik (2006) 5. Suzuki, M., Tsuzuki, N., Teramachi, Y., 26th International Vienna Motor Symposium (2005) 6. Brunet, P., Ellul, D., Huet, J., Malcuy, S., Monereau, C., Piana, J., 27th International Vienna Motor Symposium (2006) 7. Kern,C., Dressler,W., Rothacker,V., SAE paper 1999-01-1240 8. Hotta,Y., Inayoshi, M., Nakakita, K., Akihama, K., Inagaki, K., Sakata, I., JSAE (2006) 9. Aoyagi, Y., et. al. COMODIA 2004 119-129 (2006) 10. Hadler,J. et. al., 29th International Vienna Motor Symposium (2008) 11. Kaneko,J. et. al., JSAE Proc., No.133-07, p.7-12 (2007) 12. Oki, M., Matsumoto, S., Toyoshima, Y., Ishisaka, K., Tsuzuki, N., SAE 2006-01-0274 13. Dohle, U., Duernholz, M., Kampmann, S., Hammer, J., Hinrichsen, C., SAE 2004-05-0453 (30)