宇宙の背景輻射 現在 150億年 50億年 星や銀河の 形成 自然界には４つの力 3つの分岐点が今回のシリーズの目標 3K LHC温度 1016K (10-12 ~ 10-14s) 10億年 (2) GUTへの挑戦 超対称性による大統一 3000K 30万年 原子 分子の形成 3分 原子核の形成 10-10 秒 弱い相互作用が分離 ３つの力が分離する 量子重力の世界 10-34 秒 10-43 秒 ビックバン 宇宙の始まり (2B) 暗黒物質解明 宇宙の歴史

( 0 G 1/2 2

½! S U( )=exp{-i S} 360 360 720 -> 720 4

A B B A A->B 180 B->A 180 360 ) ( n Spin 1/2 1 5

... 2 spin K 6

SUper-SYmmetry = SUSY SUSY " 1 $ % ' # 0& " 1% $ ' # 0& " 0 $ % ' # 1& (spinor, scalar ) 7

A: B: ( Charge) W,Z A B -

U( )=exp(-i ) =0 Spin 1 Vector 9

Spin 1/2 Spin 1/2 1 3/2 1/2 L-R u_r su_r( 1) u_l su_l, massless Vector ( 2) spin ½ fermion ( 4->2

Dirac) 1932 e + 11

me (1fm 12

m 2G N m m 2 /m l = 1 p M = G N =10 "35 m p : cutoff "m 2 # $ pdp # (cutoff ) 2 # M 2 p =10 38 GeV 0

M 2 ( Higgs ) =.. M 2 ( ) =.. cut off ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m 2 ( Higgs ) = Fine tuning!!!! 1/2 (2)

mass GeV) Planck scale Yt=1 Higgs 15

(Grand Unification) -> -> 16

1TeV 2*10 16 GeV

Z 1994

21.11cm H HFS : ( X gas

= M + = M 96% 20

O(100GeV) g, q O(1)TeV G G LHC 3/2 21

Q,Q}= P Q Q Q 1/2 22

3 ( ) 23

Spin 1/2 1 SUSY 24

Spin 1/2 Spin 1/2 1 TeV O(100)GeV

Hidden sector) m susy =< F > / M mediation M SUSY Hidden Sector ( SUSY Gravity Mediation: ( G N M Pl (10 19 GeV) <F>=(10 11 GeV) 2 2 Gauge Mediation: ( Anomaly Mediation

SUGRA AMSB GMSB M~100-200GeV M~100-200GeV M ev-kev ~10-3-4 ~1 G 3/2 27

m susy =< F > / M mediation Planck scale singlet M=M pl, F=10 11 M=10-1000TeV, F=10 5-9 M=M pl, F=10 13 neutralino ~ O(100GeV) density - Gravitino ~O(eV-KeV) Hot? X- Wino ~ O(100GeV) Density X FCNC m0 m0 m0>>tev FCNC Gravitino 100-1000GeV reheating <1GeV DM 10-1000TeV m0?) reheating m0,m1/2, sign(mu), tanβ Λ M, n tanβ, sign(mu), Cgra NLSP m3/2 (m0) tanβ, sign(mu) FCNC b->sgamma (Z) s->dgamma(z) KK mixing

29

g g g g 30

LHC Dark Matter (factory) ( 31

Transverse! " P T = 0!!! " P T = #" P T (neutralino) $ 0

さがすモード LHCでのSUSY事象模式図 met が超対称性の一つの特徴 Jet multi (high Pt) t, b Additional obj. Favored Model No lepton SUGRA, AMSB, Large m0 One lepton High Multiplicity Nj>=3,4 Dilepton,3L High PT jetはカラーから主に おまけの部分はEW QCD(light & bb/c tt (" bb qq #$ ) Z(->nunu) and W SUGRA, AMSB, small m0 tt (" bb qq!# ) SUGRA, GMSB, RPV OS: tt (" bb!# SS,3L ZW,ZZ tt Large tanβ, GMSB (Nm>1) W (->taunu)!! Tau multi leptons E/ T + High PT jets + b-jets τ-jets Dominant SM ba! b SUGRA, stop γ GMSB (Nm 1) " 10 # $G W(->lnu)+jets tt (" bb qq #$ ) tt ("! bb qq #$ ) Almost BG Free!! squark production Low Multiplicity Nj 1,2 No lepton One lepton! squark production No jet Nj = 0 Dilepton,3L Direct! tt (" bb e# Z(->nunu) W(->taunu)! W,Z! tt (" bb! WW,WZ,ZZ WZ main for 3L! "!

Mass spectrum t, b 34

[1] multijet+me T (No lepton mode) 5 (L=165pb -1 ) at least 4jets+mET met &, PT jets me T Meff=mE T + P T ~ 1.5M SUSY Meff BG tt,w+jets, Z+jets (

met 547GeV PT=636GeV 189GeV 96(GeV) 81(GeV) Meff =1550 (GeV) 36

[2] multijet+me T +Lep (one lepton mode) me T Lepton(e, mu) PT>25(e), 20(mu)GeV At least 3jets BG W+jets (W->lnu) tt_bar -> bbww (W->lnu)

Meff=mE T + P T ~ 1.5M SUSY 38

39

[GeV ] 400 350 300 250 ~ g~1.0tev ~ g~0.8tev ~ g~0.6tev ~ q~0.8tev ~ q~1.0tev 200 ~ q~0.6tev ~ g~0.4tev 150 ~ q~0.4tev msugra (A =0,tan =3, ( )=+) 100 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 [GeV] Model SUSY DM (1) (2) (3) Higgsino LSP (4) Gravitino DM GMSB 40

2015 ECM=14TeV L=O(10)fb -1 1/2 1500 1000 500-1 L = 30 fb 0-lepton mode 1-lepton mode 2-lepton mode 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 L=300fb-1 squark, gluino mass 2.5TeV 41

2011 squark, gluino > 1TeV DM LHC.5TeV 42