EU 食品安全政策の展開と動向

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EU EU EU 1996 BSE EU EU BSE 1997 24 EU 1997 EU 2000 2002 EU EU EU EU BSE EU 4 2006.9

EU EU 1997 1997 2000 2002 EU HACCP EurepGAP EU 2003 15 EU 1 2004 EU EU EU 2 EU EU EU EU EU 3 EU EU, 2006, p.92. European Commission, "EU enlargement: Questions and Answers on food safety issues", MEMO/03/88, 3.12.2003. Ibid. "EU enlargement will mean food safety conflicts", Food Processing & Packaging - Europe, 14.5.2003. <http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/news/ng.asp?id=29816-eu-enlargement-will> 60

EU 2004 EU EU 2000 12 4 White Paper on Food Safety 2002 28 EC No.178/2002 5 General Food Law Regulation EU European Food Safety Agency EFSA 15 2003 6 EU EU 7 EU 1962 8 9 40 EU EU EU Food Law European Commission, White Paper on Food Safety, COM 1999 719 final, 12.1.2000. REGULATION EC No 178/2002 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety; Official Journal of the European Communities OJEC L31, 1.2.2002, pp.1-24. EU 148, 2002.12 EU 68 14, 2002.12 No.159, 2003.1 EU 1993 EC "EU" Council Directive 62/2645/EEC of 23 October 1962 on the approximation of the rules of the Member States concerning the colouring matters authorized for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption, OJEC, No.115, 11.11.1962, p.2645/62. EU 613, 2002.4, p.4. Raymond O'Rourke, European Food Law: With 1999 Update, London : Palladian Law Publishing Ltd, 1999. 61

EU EU EU EU 10 BSE 1996 EU 1996 BSE 1996 20 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE EU 11 BSE traceability 12 13 EU EU 1999 EU BSE 14 BSE EU 15 European Commission, Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Authority, and laying down procedures in matters of food., COM 2000 716 final, 8.11.2000, pp.5-6. BSE No.79, 1996.4, pp.5-6., 2006, p.52. 13 p.59., 2001, pp.47-56. 62

1997 BSE BSE EU 1996 17 European Parliament BSE BSE 1997 19 16 BSE BSE 16 17 24 18 Scientific Committee 19 BSE Scientific Veterinary Committee BSE 20 BSE 21 European Parliament, Report by the Temporary Committee of Inquiry Into BSE on Alleged Contraventions or Maladministration in the Implementation of Community Law in Relation to BSE, Without Prejudice to the Jurisdiction of the Community and National Courts, Part A., A4/0020/97-A, 7.2.1997. BSE <http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/ib/ibd4a/tab45-1. pdf> BSE No.90, 1997.3, pp.5-6. European Parliament, A4/0020/97-A, op.cit. Ibid., European Commission, "Reorganization of the Commission's departments responsible for food health", IP/97/112, 12.2.1997. European Parliament, A4/0020/97-A, op.cit., Ibid. 63

BSE 22 1997 12 23 24 24 EU Office for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Inspection 24 EU Food and Veterinary Office FVO 25 24 24 Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection; DG SANCO 26 approach EU food security EU 27 1997 1997 18 BSE Jacques Santer EU 28 30 EU 29 Ibid. European Commission, IP/97/112, op.cit. European Commission, "Commission renews Scientific Committees in the field of consumer health", IP/97/947, 5.11.1997. EU FVO 24 European Commission, European Food Policy Background Report, BR/14/97, July 1997. 607, 2001.10, pp.18-20 613, 2002.4, pp.5-6 Ellen Vos, "EU Food Safety Regulation in the Aftermath of the BSE Crisis.", Journal of Consumer Policy, vol.23, no.3 2000.9, p.234. European Parliament, "Speech by Jacques Santer President of the European Commission Debate on the report by the Committee of Inquiry into BSE", SPEECH/97/39, 18.2.1997. 64

30 EU EU EU EU 31 EU EU HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point 32 33 EU EU "from the stable to the table" 34 European Commission, The General Principles of Food Law in the European Union - Commission Green Paper., COM 1997 176 final, 30.4.1997. Green Papers White Papers EU European Commission, Green papers and white papers, EU <http://europa. eu/documents/comm/index_en.htm> European Commission, COM 1997 176, op.cit., p.50. European Commission, COM 1997 176, op.cit., p.52. 65

EU 35 subsidiarity principle 36 EU foodstuffs EU EU 1997 31 EU EU 37 EU EU 1997 18 risk assessment control 38 European Commission, "Green Paper on European food law", IP/97/370, 30.4.1997. EU subsidiarity principle EC EU EC EU, 2003, p.20 European Commission, Communication from the Commission; Consumer Health and Food Safety., COM 1997 183, 30.4.1997. 66

24 1997 11 EU 2000 39 2002 2000 2000 12 EU EU EU 117 EU EU 40 EU EU Rapid Alert System for Food BSE protection of consumer health EU approach COM 1997 183, op.cit., pp.6,10. Ellen Vos, op.cit., p.234. European Commission, White Paper on Food Safety, COM 1999 719 final, 12.1.2000. BSE 1999 EU 67

European Food Authority 2002 EU EU General Food Law EU control EU EU EU EU interactive EU EU 68

EU EU EU EU EU Annex Action Plan on Food Safety 84 EU "farm to table" 41 EU EU EU EU comprehensive, integrated approach 42 EU EU traceability 43 "from the stable to the table" "from the farm to the fork" 69

2000 coherent, effective and dynamic risk analysis risk assessment risk management risk communication 44 EU 45 Precautionary Principle Precautionary Approach 46 19 1970 1980 1987 1992 47 EU hazard risk FAO FAO, Risk management and food safety., FAO Food And Nutrition Paper 65,1997 633, 1999.8, p.488 hazard risk European Commission, COM 1999 719 final, op.cit., p.9. EIC <http://www.eic.or.jp/> 70

1992 48 2000 49 EC The Treaty Establishing the European Union 174 EU 50 51 52 1997 EU EU 2002 2000 EU 11 53 2002 28 Regulation EC No.178/2002 54 chapter - food food business 211, 2002.10, pp.15-16., p.16. EU 39, 2003.6, p.65. "environmental health" European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle., COM 2000 1 final, 2.2.2000. pp.2,8-9. European Commission, "Commission adopts White Paper on Food Safety and sets out a Farm to Table legislative action programme", IP/00/20, 12.1.2000. European Commission, Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Authority, and laying down procedures in matters of food., COM 2000 716, 8.11.2000. 49, 2003.7, pp.202-240. 71

food business operator feed feedingstuff retail risk analysis traceability final consumer EU - 21 22-49 EU European Food Safety Authority EFSA mission task European Food Authority 55 50-57 Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed RASFF 56 58-65 2002 64 EU 2002 20 2002 21 1112 1415 16 17 19 20 18 2005 EU European Food Safety Authority EFSA EFSA 22-49 57 RASFF EFSA RASFF EFSA RASFF alert information news RASFF 72

64 EFSA 2002 28 EFSA 2002 28 EFSA EU EFSA EU 2005 3,700 52 300 2002 EFSA 2005 10 EFSA EFSA 58 EFSA EFSA EFSA EU EFSA Management Board EFSA EFSA EFSA EFSA EFSA EU 14 15 14 Executive Director EFSA <http://www.efsa.europa.eu/> EFSA 73

EFSA work programme Advisory Forum EFSA EU EFSA EU Scientific Committee and Panels EFSA TSE BSE EU Scientific Steering Committee EFSA 2006 1997 EFSA EFSA EU 2005 12 EU 2007 13 EU EFSA EFSA 2006 74

2013 EFSA EFSA 59 EU 200410 60 EU a significant challenge 61 1998 EU 2002 12 12 13 EU 10 EU 10 2003 16 Act of Accession 2004 EU EU EU acquis communautaire 10 2003 11 EU EU 62 10 63 EU EU 64 TSE EU European Food Safety Authority, "Reduced budget concerns EFSA Management Board", 24.1.2006. EFSA <http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press_room/press_release/1322.html> European Commission, COM 1999 719 final, op.cit., p.35. 115 European Commission, Comprehensive monitoring report of the European Commission on the state of preparedness for EU membership of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia., COM 2003 675 final, 5.11.2003. EU 15 2004, p.2. European Commission, COM 2003 675 final, op.cit., pp.11-12. 75

65 EU EU EU EU BSE EU 66 EU EU EU 67 Act of Accession transitional period EU 24 Annex 14 68 Appendix EU deadline for the correction of shortcomings 2006 12 31 Ibid., p.15. European Commission, "EU enlargement: Questions and Answers on food safety issues", MEMO/03/ 88, 5.12.2003. European Commission, COM 2003 675 final, op.cit., p.15. EU 10 11 12 13 14 76

2007 12 31 EU EU EU 69 EU EU border inspection posts; BIP EU 70 EU 2004 EU EU EU EU EU EU Council Directive 97/78/EC of 18 December 1997 laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on products entering the Community from third countries, OJEC, L24, 30.1.1998, pp.9-30. 77

EU PHARE 71 2004 18 72 22 29 73 37 74 EU FVO 2004 EU FVO 10 2001 2002 2003 FVO 2003 FVO 40 75 BIP TSE FVO FVO 76 BSE BSE EU15 Scientific Steering Committee Commission Decision of 7 December 2001 drawing up a list of border inspection posts agreed for veterinary checks on animals and animal products from third countries and updating the detailed rules concerning the checks to be carried out by the experts of the Commission 2001/881/EC Commission Decision of 18 March 2004 adapting Decision 2001/881/EC as regards additions and deletions to the list of border inspection posts in view of the accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia 2004/273/EC Commission Decision of 29 April 2004 amending Decision 2001/881/EC as regards the list of border inspection posts in view of the accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia 2004/469/EC 50 European Commission, MEMO/ 03/88, op.cit. European Commission, MEMO/03/88, op.cit., pp.4-5. European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Food and Veterinary Office Annual Report 2002, p.13. <http://ec.europa.eu/food/fvo/annualreports/final_2002_en.pdf> 78

BSE 77 10 BSE SRMs 78 BSE BSE EU BSE EU BSE PHARE BSE 10 EU 2004 EU PHARE ISPA SAPARD 79 PHARE SAPARD BIP BSE PHARE SAPARD EU 5354 10 38 EU 2002 EU Scientific Steering Committee, Opinion on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy GBR., various issues. <http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/ssc/outcome_en.html> 2003 2002 2002 2001 2001 SSC EFSA BSE ODA 2002, p.609. 79

the Hygiene Package 80 2000 2004 30 EU 2006 2007 81 Regulation EC No 852/2004 food business operator part A of Annex general hygiene provisions 82 Annex Regulation EC No 853/2004 food of animal origin specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin HACCP Codex Alimentarius 83 HACCP HACCP Regulation EC No 852/2004 Regulation EC No 853/2004 Regulation EC No 854/2004 Regulation EC No 882/2004 Directive 2002/99/EC Directive 2004/41/EC Directive 2002/99/EC 2003 23 EU 2005 1962 FAO WHO 80

HACCP EurepGAP HACCP 84 HACCP EU EurepGAP EurepGAP 85 HACCP EurepGAP EurepPGAP 1997 EurepGAP 86 EurepGAP 87 Eurep GAP HACCP EU 20 WTO FTA EPA 2002 11 2005 2006 EPA 637, 2004.2, p.95. 60 EurepGAP EUREPGAP HACCP 117, 2005.6, p.20. EUREPGAP JETRO Vol.147, 2005.12, p.35. 81