Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55 (10), (1989) ) Effects of ph and Sodium Chloride on the Water Holding Capacity of Surimi and its Gel Yoshiaki Aka

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Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 55 (10), 1827-1832 (1989) ) Effects of ph and Sodium Chloride on the Water Holding Capacity of Surimi and its Gel Yoshiaki Akahane*2, and Yutaka Shimizu*3 Water in Alaska pollack surimi and its gel was categorized into types Ip-A ("free water"), I p-b (loose "entrapped water"), and Hp (tight "entrapped water") plus IIIp ("immobilized water") by our press method. The maximal Ip-A and the minimal Ip-B and Up plus IIIp in a mounts were estimated in both non-salt-ground and salt-ground surimi at a ph of about 5; that is, the water holding capacity (WHC) of surimi was minimal at this ph. The amount of Ip-A in salt-ground surimi with phs below 5 was larger than in the non-salt-ground one. With the increase of phs above 5, WHC of surimi markedly increased and the amount of Ip-A decreased more in the salt-ground surimi than in the non-salt-ground material. The amount of Ip-A in surimi at ph7, near the ordinary ph value of surimi for kamaboko, reached a minimum after the addition of 2-3% NaCl. After heating surimi with phs between 5 and 9 at 90 Ž for 40 min, amounts of Ip-A were also less in salt-ground surimi gels than in non-salt-ground ones. Especially small amounts of Ip-A and large amounts of Ip-B were determined in the salt-ground surimi gel at ph 7, near the ordinary ph value of kamaboko with a high WHC. The salt-ground surimi gel with large amount of Ip-A and the low gel-strength was significantly saltier than that with a small amount of Ip-A and the high gel-strength.

Fig. 1. Relations between ph and the states of water in raw and heated surimi with or without added NaCl. (1): The phs of thawed muen-surimi of Alska pollack were adjusted to different values between 3 and 11 by grinding with 25% of water containing the required amount of HCl or NaOH added. (2): The surimi in (1) with water-added and ph-adjusted was heated at 90 Ž for 40 min. (3): Three percent of NaCl was also added wile preparing the water-added and ph-adjusted surimi in (1). (4): Salt-ground surimi with different ph values in (3) was heated at 90 Ž for 40 min. Amounts of water classified into Ip-A ("free water", ), Ip-B (loose "entrapped water", ), and IIp+IIIp (tight "entrapped water" plus "immobilized water", ) in (1), (2), (3) and (4) are shown as the relative ratio per the total water (Ip-A+Ip- B+IIp+IIIp) in surimi.

phお 90, 40分 間 加 熱 し た の ち, Ip-A, Ip-B, 水 の割合 を 調 べ た 結 果 で あ る ど のpHに の未 加熱 の場 合 よ りIp-Aが し, Ip-Bも よび食 塩濃 度 とす り身 の保 水 性 IIp+IIIPの 加 し,特 お い て も(1) こ ゲ ル の 切 断 面 に は 遊 離 水 が 存 在 す る も の の,常 増 加 し, Ilp+IIIpが 減 少 傾 向 を 示 した ph 4-6で 減少 は 肉眼 的 に も 1の(1)の す り身 に 食 塩 を3% る の は 組 織 に"entrap"さ れ たIp-Bが か ま ぼ こ を 製 造 す る場 合,一 る 食塩 を 加 え る こ と に よ っ て, ph てpH 3-5で はIp-Aが 加 しIp-B, IIp+IIIpが IIp+IIIpは 極 小 量 と な っ た す な わ ち, ph 5付 増 3-5付 ph 近で は大 き く減 少 し, ph 9付 近 で 極 小 量 と な り, ph 8-11で 減 少 し た が,よ はpH 5以 上 で 大 き く増 加 しpH 9以 ず り,加 や や 低 いpH 6.0の つい す り身 熱に こお け る水 の 状 態 変 化 を 比 較 し, Fig. 2に 示 し た ph 7.0に 調 整 した す り身 で は塩 ず で 大 き く減 少 し, Ip-Bが15%か 占 め て い たIp-Aは15%ま ら34%に, IIp+IIIp 9以 上 6-7で 増加 9付 近 で 極 大 と な つ た て塩 す り身 の 保 水 性 は 高 ま り,外 ph す り身 とpHの り束 縛 度 の 強 いIIp+IIIp この 水 の 状 態 変 化 か ら も 分 る ま うに, と流 動 性 を 増 し, 般 に は す り身 のpHは 7付 近 ま で はIp-A ではや や増 加 す る傾 向 に あ っ た Ip一BはpH しpH 7.0の りす る と 全 体 の 水 の53%を 4-5.で は肉眼 的 に も す り身 か ら の 水 の 遊 離 が 見 られ た し か 上 に 移 動 させ る とpH 多 い こ とに よ る あ る こ と が 多 い の で, Fig. 1の(1)-(4)に に 注 目 して,塩 近 で はIp-B, は食塩 添 加 に よ りす り身 の 保 水 性 が 低 下 し, し, phを5以 圧下 で 圧 す る と多 くの 水 が 圧 出 され 6.5-7.0で ph 上 で は これ が 顕 著 で あ っ た か ま ぼ は水 が 保 持 され て お り,加 加えて 塩 ず りし た 塩 す り身 の 水 の 状 態 を 調 べ た も の で あ 減 少.し, 6以 と思 われ る 加熱 ゲル か らの 水 の遊 離 が 認 め られ た Fig. 1の(3)はFig. にpH 1829 phの 上 昇 に伴 っ 観 的 に は す り身 は 光 沢 上 で は ゲ ル 化 す る 現 象 も認 め られ た これ ら食 塩 存 在 下 で のpHと す り身 の 保 水 性 の 間の 関 係 は ウ シ筋 肉6)に つ い て の 報 告 と同 様 の 傾 向 に あ った Fig. 1の(4)は こ れ ら の 塩 す り身 を90, 40分 間加 熱 した時 の 三 つ の 区 分 の 水 の 状 態 を 示 し て い る Fig. の(3)と 比 べ る と, ph 増 加 してIp-Bは 3-5で ほ と ん ど消 失 し た IIp+IIIpは ど変 化 しな か っ た ph 5以 に おい て も"free"のIp-Aが +IIIpが Relations ほ とん Fig. 2. Changes in the states of water in surimi at ph 7.0 and 6.0 during the modified and simplified processing procedure of kamaboko. 上 で は 加 熱 に よ り ど のpH 増 加 し,束 大 き く減 少 した が,"entrap"さ Fig. 3. 1 は 加 熱 に よ っ てIp-Aは between 縛 度 の 強 いIIp れ たIp-Bは the states 増 of water in surimi and the added levels of NaCl.

Fig. 4. Relations between the ph value and the breaking force of heated surimi gels with or without NaCl. Surimi gels without NaCI in (2) of Fig. 1 and those with 3% NaCl in (4) of Fig. 1 were used for the measurement of the breaking force (Hardness) by using a texturometer. : Without NaCl, œ: With NaCl.

Fig. 5. Relations between amounts of added NaCl and the breaking force of heated surimi gels. Surimi gels with different amounts of added NaCl in (2) of Fig. 3 were used for the measurement of the breaking force by a texturometer. Table 1. Relations between the amount of Ip-A water in surimi gels and the organoleptic evaluation on the strength of saltness of those gels. Surimi gels 3% NaCI solution A B ph 7.0 ph 6.0 Ip-A levels 30% 46% - - Panels 4 16* 9 11 (n=20) * : Significant at p <0.05. The surimi gel at ph 7.0 (Surimi gel A) and that at ph 6.0 with 3% of NaCl added (Surimi gel B) in (4) of Fig. 1 were used in the pair test. The solutions with 3% of NaCl at ph 7.0 and ph 6.0 were presented as the reference.

15) T. Sano, S. F. Noguchi, T. Tsuchiya, and J. J. Matsumoto: Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 52, 109-114 (1986). Nippon Saisen Gakkaishi: Formerly Bul. Japan. Soc. Sti. Fish.